Editor’s lead: Nowadays, many people will look for evaluation stickers on various platforms before buying goods. With Xiaohongshu as the representative, there are many bloggers in Xiaohongshu, ranging from stars to amateurs. They often post on it to help people grow grass or pull weeds. Among many products, how does Little Red Book occupy a favorable market and attract many loyal users? The author of this paper analyzes the user operation strategy of Xiaohongshu. Let’s take a look.

1.1.1 field

Xiaohongshu is a social e-commerce platform that provides sharing, communication and purchase channels for young Internet users who like shopping and love life. Users can discover good things all over the world through the platform, browse the product strategies summarized by various experts, share their own experience on the use of products, and also complete online shopping in the e-commerce platform.

Xiaohongshu was founded on June 6, 2013, with the asymmetric shopping information of Haitao as the breakthrough point. Since there were no products with similar positioning in the market at the time of its establishment, Xiaohongshu became a dark horse at the beginning of its establishment, and the number of users has exceeded 15 million in just one year. By December 2020, the cumulative download volume of Xiaohongshu has exceeded 5.3 billion, and the number of users has exceeded 300 million.

1.1.2 product positioning

At the beginning of its establishment, Xiaohongshu was positioned as a tool-based product, mainly aiming at the basic shopping guide of overseas markets. Later, through deep cultivation of UGC shopping sharing community, it continued to integrate content community and e-commerce module, and developed into the world’s largest consumer word-of-mouth library and community e-commerce platform.

At present, Xiaohongshu officially defines Xiaohongshu APP as a lifestyle platform for young people. With "UGC Content Community" as the core, users can record their life, share their lifestyles and form interactions based on their interests through short videos, pictures and texts. They can also purchase high-quality goods from all over the world through the welfare agency with one click. It is an online shopping note sharing community and a platform for self-operated bonded warehouses.

1.2.1 Target users

1) User characteristics

From the user portrait data of iResearch, it can be seen that the proportion of female users of Xiaohongshu is close to 80%, and the number of male users is only 20%, which shows that the target users of Xiaohongshu are mainly women, and the community sharing and e-commerce model is more in line with the shopping habits and user characteristics of female users.

Judging from the age distribution of users, the main users of Xiaohongshu are young people under the age of 30, and users aged 31-35 also account for a certain proportion.

From the geographical distribution, the users of Xiaohongshu are mainly concentrated in the coastal areas with highly developed economy. Users in this area generally have high living standards, strong consumption power, pursue quality of life, and have certain demand for overseas shopping.

2) user portrait

User portraits can be roughly divided into the following categories:

• Student groups: high school students and college students, born after 1995, are highly active, have enough time, pursue trends and fashions, are easily attracted by new things, and are willing to share and show their lives;
• Workplace groups: white-collar workers and office workers, in first-tier cities such as Beishangguang, pursue quality of life, like to share their living conditions, like overseas shopping of beauty products, refer to KOL’s notes before shopping, and are willing to share their experiences after buying;
• Online celebrity stars: KOL and stars in the vertical field, with certain social influence, spontaneously share beauty products or toiletries that grow grass every day through videos or notes, or cooperate with beauty brands to promote and gain income;
• Merchants’ shops: shop operators such as youth hotels, online celebrity restaurants, cafes and bars, aged between 20 and 35, pursue fashion and hot spots, and are good at using the Internet for publicity and packaging.

1.2.2 Demand Scenario

• Plenty of time, daily wandering, watching videos, notes, browsing the welfare club mall or other official flagship stores, watching the trend, killing time;
• Purposeful browsing, planning to buy products, experience services or learning skills, reading and learning KOL’s notes and experiences;
• Willing to share life, want to share new products purchased or new services experienced with social media, get appreciation and attention, and answer other users’ questions;
• Want to buy genuine overseas products, but lack the time or ability to do overseas shopping, and intend to buy welfare agency products or other overseas flagship store products;
• When preparing for cross-border/Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan tourism shopping, check the selected shopping notes of the destination, find the favorite overseas goods and form a list.

1.2.3 Core functions

The slogan "Mark My Life" of Xiaohongshu defines that the core function of the platform is the dissemination of tag notes-that is, the output of content culture. Users can record their life, share their lifestyles and form interactions based on their interests through short videos, pictures and texts.

E-commerce models such as welfare agencies and limited-time purchases are the closed loop to complete the business model, allowing users to have a better experience.

Main functional structure:

Main business logic:

The main business logic is divided into two sections: e-commerce mode and social mode, and other functions serve these two sections.

Social mode refers to that core users (content producers) publish notes and share consumption experience, while ordinary users recommend notes according to the algorithm set by the system according to behavior records, and at the same time, they can browse, like and collect notes, and after paying attention, both parties can have social interaction by private letter; E-commerce mode refers to that users browse their notes, plant grass for goods, make purchases through welfare agencies or other means, continue to publish notes after use, and conduct more "online sharing", thus forming a closed loop in business.

• Time perspective: Xiaohongshu was established in 2013, and APP was launched at the end of 2013. It has been in operation for 7 years.
• User’s perspective: the number of user downloads began to exceed 100 million in November 2017, and then the number of user downloads increased by nearly four times. Up to now, it has accumulated more than 5.9 billion times and the number of users has exceeded 300 million;
• Product perspective: The latest version of Little Red Book is 6.81.1, which has been updated 4 times in the last 30 days and once in the last 7 days. Through continuous version iteration, the basic functions and core functions of the product are complete, and the platform is mainly based on content sharing. The content topics have covered various life fields such as fashion, skin care, make-up, food, travel, film and television, and the content range is getting wider and wider;
• Operational perspective: the core business of Xiaohongshu is UGC content operation, which realizes the closed loop of user behavior through user operation and e-commerce operation;
• Business perspective: profitable operation, constantly seeking ways to integrate with e-commerce, and has completed the D round of investment led by Alibaba.

Conclusion: Judging from the above, Xiaohongshu APP is in a mature stage.

According to the life cycle judgment of Xiaohongshu, the next report will focus on the analysis of household operation strategies in the initial stage, mature stage and mature stage.

In 2013, with the rapid development of mobile Internet and the large-scale use of smart phones, cross-border travel became a popular choice for travel, and consumers began to pay attention to the purchase of overseas goods. At the intersection of several trends, Xiaohongshu was established in Shanghai to meet the needs of users for cross-border shopping.

At that time, cross-border e-commerce was still in the blue ocean market. Xiaohongshu accurately captured the target users and user needs, focused on overseas shopping to share this blank market, accurately captured the pain points of people shopping overseas, and targeted women in first-tier cities who tended to shop in overseas markets, and gained the first batch of users.

4.1.1 Acquiring users

In October, 2013, the little red book shopping strategy based on PGC came into being. slogan is a basic shopping guide for entry-level users, covering 8 countries and several popular tourist destinations, including the United States, Japan and South Korea.

Users can download and read offline on the PC or iOS platform, and they have been downloaded 500,000 times in less than one month, which successfully attracted a group of young women with overseas shopping habits, which also proved the user’s demand for overseas shopping and accumulated the first batch of original users for Xiaohongshu APP.

4.1.2 Activate users

1) The "shopping guide" is transformed into a "sharing community", and high-quality UGC content enhances the social attributes of Xiaohongshu.

Considering that it is difficult for guide products to interact with users and become sticky, Xiaohongshu team launched APP V1.0 "Hong Kong Shopping Raiders APP" at the end of 2013.

By inviting experts from all fields and community promotion, women with overseas shopping habits are encouraged to share their shopping experiences on Xiaohongshu. By producing high-quality content through UGC, Xiaohongshu has accumulated a large number of middle-and high-income female users, and its stickiness has made a qualitative leap. More and more users are willing to exchange shopping experiences and have completed the acquisition and activation of early seed users.

In several version iterations, Xiaohongshu has continuously strengthened social functions and content publishing tools, effectively improving users’ participation and activity.

On the basis of high-quality content community, Xiaohongshu was upgraded from content community to "content+e-commerce" in October 2014, and the "welfare society" module was launched, and the business closed loop was finally formed. Xiaohongshu clarified the user’s needs and product development direction, and became a one-stop platform for e-commerce in women’s overseas shopping communities, from content planting to shopping mall ordering. slogan was changed to "find good things abroad".

2) The first global awards event, in which millions of users voted for good things from all over the world.

At the end of 2014, Xiaohongshu held the first global prize-winning activity. Within 20 days, 1.87 million people voted, which was very popular. The products and shops it launched once became the vane of outbound shopping.

This activity was all voted by users, attracting more people to participate in it through the most popular H5 method at present, and finally forming fashion list, makeup list, furniture list and other lists. The discussion heat of users in Xiaohongshu increased significantly, which brought high popularity and activity to Xiaohongshu, and also gained a number of new users for Xiaohongshu. Since then, global awards have been held for three consecutive years in 2015 and 2016, further expanding its influence.

For a product that has passed the initial stage, the core goal is to gain rapid user growth. Xiaohongshu has verified the user demand in the initial stage, and then began to attract more and more users through the update of product functions and the holding of creative activities, and quickly occupied the market, while slogan was changed to "a good thing in the world".

4.2.1 Get Users & Activate Users

1) "Fresh Meat Marketing for Anniversary Celebration" to gain new users-Fresh Meat Video, Fresh Meat Express and School Grass Express.

In the early stage of the 2015 anniversary, Xiaohongshu began to put on video advertisements for publicity. The content of the video was that a topless foreign male model showed Xiaohongshu’s slogan "Finding good things abroad" through the scene.

On the anniversary day, Xiaohongshu hired a group of foreign male models in SOHO, Shanghai, naked as customers to deliver the courier, and provided the "princess hug" benefits, which made the female users on the scene once boiling and accurately reached the target users. This activity brought 3 million new users and 50 million yuan in sales for Xiaohongshu. From the data point of view, the daily activities and new additions have doubled, which has successfully played a role in pulling new ones.

In September 2015, Xiaohongshu held a marketing campaign of "School Grass Express" in 12 universities in five cities across the country while the iron was hot, which once again set off a wave in the circle of female college students.

In the end, the "School Grass Express" event ended with 52.977 million exposures and 47,000 discussions, which successfully improved the overall popularity in the post-90 s circle. During the whole anniversary, Xiaohongshu APP ranked fourth in the total list of Apple App Stores, with 15 million users.

2) "Star Girl" Jelly Lin and other female stars and KOL settled in Xiaohongshu.

In April 2017, Little Red Book invited Jelly Lin, a "star girl", to officially settle in Little Red Book. Later, female stars such as Nana Ou-yang and Stephy and vertical KOL successively settled in Little Red Book.

First of all, the star itself has its own traffic. By entering the activity, it can increase the number of users and improve user retention; Secondly, the publication of life notes by stars will enable fans to see the daily life of the stars and narrow the distance between fans and stars. At the same time, the stars bring their own elements such as fashion, fashion and wearing, which can arouse the topic and effectively enhance the user’s activity. In addition, you can also use the fan effect of stars to promote some goods and improve profitability.

4.2.2 Retain users

1) Refined operation

At this stage, Xiaohongshu began to focus on the optimization of community functions, the page was revised many times, the product was iterated many times, and the recommendation algorithm was updated.

Based on the machine algorithm, Xiaohongshu will make personalized recommendations according to users’ interests and user portraits, and successfully achieve "content finding", which shows that Xiaohongshu team attaches great importance to users’ experiences and needs, and keeps more users with no clear browsing purpose through refined operation, which improves daily activity and user usage time.

In order to ensure users’ long-term retention, Xiaohongshu encourages users to publish, share, like, collect and comment, and sets up a ten-level user growth system. Each level corresponds to the task requirements of corresponding social attributes, and the completion of these tasks will grow to the next level, thus encouraging users to use little red books more.

In the process of upgrading and cracking down on monsters, users with creative ability are unconsciously encouraged to become new UGC, and more high-quality content is produced and spread on the platform, forming a positive circular incentive.

4.2.3 Transforming users

1) Red Friday

In November 2015, Xiaohongshu transplanted the "Black Friday" activity to China and launched the "Red Friday" promotion activity, which covered more than ten categories such as skin care and makeup. Selected overseas goods are less than 50% off, and all overseas direct mail goods are free of freight.

The gameplay is novel and the scene is strong, which paves the way for holiday promotion. Users can see the "Red Five" sign everywhere in the APP, and click to browse and buy their favorite products, which increases the daily activity of users and is also an important means to realize profit.

2) Three days and three nights between Hugh and Little Red Book.

In April, 2016, Xiaohongshu invited Hugh and planned the "Three Days and Three Nights between Hugh and Xiaohongshu" activity. Accurate artist matching+advertisement recording close to life, as well as the pre-heating of Weibo before going online, successfully created a wave of big topics on Weibo, which raised the popularity of Xiaohongshu to a higher level, and the new growth rate of users reached 100%.

This cooperation with Hugh once again accurately captured the female users of Little Red Book, and the label # Hugh Endorsed Little Red Book # created by fans on Weibo, which received more than 7 million readings.

At the same time, Xiaohongshu planned the promotion of the category of "Hugh Advertising with the same paragraph" of Welfare Society, and launched the activity of "Buy enough 699 to get the potato captain doll with the same paragraph in Hugh". The whole activity released the topic of quantity, guided the participation and dissemination of households, improved the activity of users and increased the sales of the mall, allowing users to experience all the charm of Little Red Book in a closed loop.

Through the operation in the growing period, Xiaohongshu has already had a large number of users and a relatively stable position, and established a brand image. The tonality of users has declined, and slogan has changed to "mark my life". At this stage, Xiaohongshu pays more attention to the operation of content communities, conducts thematic planning, and is guided by user activity, retention rate, commercial realization and user communication.

4.3.1 Activate users & keep users.

• Idol Trainee & Creation 101

In January and April of 2018, with the expansion of the fan economy, Xiaohongshu sponsored two phenomenal variety shows, namely "Idol Trainee" and "Creation 101". The two top variety shows brought super high exposure to Xiaohongshu, and Xiaohongshu users entered the spurt growth stage.

In addition to oral broadcast, insertion and logo, Xiaohongshu also invited trainees to come to Xiaohongshu to release notes and open a voting channel in the APP. From the data point of view, the diversion effect of the program broadcast for three consecutive months is extremely obvious.

The audience of the two variety shows are actually potential users of Xiaohongshu, especially women. They are keen on star hotspots and fashion trends. Xiaohongshu successfully acquired these potential users through the precise variety show. These users are of high quality and high activity. They posted articles on Xiaohongshu to share their love beans and spit out the competition system, which improved the overall activity.

At the same time, posting and sharing in voting rules can increase the number of votes, which actually improves the activity and retention rate of users.

After the end of the activity, the trainees continued to use Xiaohongshu to record their lives and publish their daily lives, which continued to attract fans. Fans would like to praise and comment on the trainees’ notes and buy the goods planted by the trainees, which improved the activity and retention rate of Xiaohongshu.

4.3.2 User Transformation & User Communication

1) Differentiated e-commerce live broadcast

With the popularity of Taobao’s e-commerce live broadcast, Li Jiaqi, Viya and other anchors constantly set a record for the transaction amount, and Xiaohongshu also started to conduct e-commerce live broadcast, trying to get the latest traffic bonus of the platform on the live broadcast track.

In 2019, Xiaohongshu tested the e-commerce live broadcast, and the enterprise model student "Perfect Diary" made a new product debut in Xiaohongshu live broadcast. The new products were quickly snapped up, and the powder rose by 100,000 people one week after the live broadcast. In April 2020, the live broadcast was officially launched and began to be open to all creators in the platform.

The next day, Xiaohongshu announced the 3 billion traffic and targeted support plan on the second creator’s open day, hoping to normalize the live broadcast. Xiaohongshu, which has always emphasized style and quality, also pursues a differentiated live broadcast form. The live broadcast is based on the core advantage content notes, mainly sharing and chatting, and the atmosphere with goods is more inclined to emotional attributes.

On the one hand, it improves the user’s activity and conversion rate through live broadcast, realizing the realization of the platform, and on the other hand, it also realizes the retention of outstanding creators by realizing the realization.

2) "Creator 123 Plan"&"Campus Big Player"

In the past two years, Xiaohongshu has launched activities such as "Creator Open Day", "Creator 123 Plan" and "Campus Big Player" to carry out the "Million Creator Support Plan" for creators who love to share their lives, aiming to help content creators improve the quality of notes and productivity, hoping to cultivate and retain excellent content producers through various incentives, so that creators and content can release greater influence, precipitate private domain traffic for creators, and provide diversified commercialization roads.

At the same time, attract more users to join the little red book to complete the purpose of word-of-mouth communication.

After the above analysis, we analyze the advantages and disadvantages of Xiaohongshu from three aspects: content operation, activity operation and household operation.

In terms of content operation, high-quality UGC content dissemination and community communication are the key points of Xiaohongshu’s success.

At present, Xiaohongshu has tens of thousands of notes in various hot topics such as fashion, skin care, travel, fitness, food, film and television, etc. The note list page made by high-quality creators gives people the most direct beauty enjoyment through exquisite filters and designed photos or small videos.

Xiaohongshu guides topics according to hot spots and user preferences, and encourages users to discover new content. Users can browse and share their life experiences on Xiaohongshu, and at the same time, they can complete a one-stop shopping experience from planting grass to placing orders.

On the other hand, the presence of more and more stars and KOL makes all kinds of commercial implants and soft articles appear in Little Red Books. The original intention of content creators to publish notes is no longer good recommendation, but commercial promotion, so users gradually become cautious about notes and have some doubts about the authenticity of the content.

For ordinary content creators, many people are also worried that the massive admission of star KOL will change the positioning of "Little Red Book" in a subtle way, and the style will gradually become the trend of "showing off wealth", so creators and staff of Little Red Book need stricter control and more accurate algorithms in content review.

Xiaohongshu’s achievements are largely due to the creativity of the event. At present, Xiaohongshu has established two festivals of its own label-"6.6 Anniversary Celebration" and "Red Friday". In addition, the platform often combines hot spots or self-made hot spots to carry out creative activities marketing, such as fresh meat express and linkage draft variety show.

Both online and offline activities have been well received, and the daily activity and new registrations during the activities are more eye-catching. In the next step, Xiaohongshu will launch cross-border cooperation with tourism, and also look forward to the next explosion point created by Xiaohongshu.

In terms of user operation, the users of Xiaohongshu are mainly divided into two categories: content producers and ordinary users.

For ordinary users, Xiaohongshu has established a user growth rating system, encouraging users to share life fun, publish notes, and communicate socially in the platform to become creators and produce high-quality content, thus forming a virtuous circle;

For content producers, the creator training system of the platform allows users to continuously produce high-quality content, and at the same time, it brings huge traffic and hot spots to the platform, and then users can cooperate with brands to realize traffic realization, thus ensuring the operation of the platform.

Despite this, Xiaohongshu is still under pressure in user conversion, and creative activities can often bring short-term profits to the platform, but once the popularity passes, the sales volume of the platform will return to the previous level.

Although Xiaohongshu’s "community+e-commerce" model realizes the closed-loop of user behavior, its commercial realization is not satisfactory, and its popularity and reputation do not seem to match the market share. In the end, it is because users have not changed the shopping mode of "planting grass on Xiaohongshu and pulling grass on other platforms", especially the "fake goods" that broke out in recent years have had a certain impact on Xiaohongshu’s reputation.

At the same time, with the increasing number of competitors on the social e-commerce track in recent years, the market expansion space is limited, and many APPs with overlapping functions are gradually launched, such as Tik Tok and Aauto Quicker, which focus on short video socializing, Netease Koala Shopping, a community-based shopping app integrating sharing and shopping, etc. Their rise has caused a large-scale shift in users’ attention, which will make Xiaohongshu lose a group of users to a certain extent. How to complete traffic construction and user maintenance in the industry with many giants will be the focus of Xiaohongshu’s consideration.

Judging from the data in October 2020, Xiaohongshu ranked first in the dating APP section of iResearch data community, and the number of independent devices is still rising, which is in the leading position in the industry.

Little Red Book has gradually developed into a comprehensive platform of community+e-commerce from the initial PDF travel shopping strategy, with the number of users exceeding 300 million. The content of this "book" of Little Red Book has become richer and richer, and more and more users have written it.

As the first batch of community+e-commerce products, Xiaohongshu identified the target users at the beginning of the product, fully met the needs of users, and successfully realized the integration of two seemingly weak modules through marketing activities, realizing the logical self-consistency of the product and the closed loop of user behavior within the product.

• The e-commerce industry is already in the Red Sea competition, and users don’t seem to buy the e-commerce platform of Xiaohongshu, and there is still much room for improvement in traffic liquidity;
• Faced with the same type of content community or social e-commerce APP that is rising, how can Xiaohongshu maintain its position and maintain its relationship with users?

6.2.1 Strengthen the connection between content and e-commerce, and constantly explore the integration of content community and e-commerce platform.

Realize the intercommunication between seller’s comments and notes, place the product link at the appropriate place on the note page, or attach the sharing notes of star KOL to the product page to enhance the user’s impression and trust; Invite the official flagship store to settle in and improve the variety of goods.

On the basis of the original REDelivery international logistics system, a mature supply chain system and a perfect management system are established to support its e-commerce platform and ensure the authenticity of goods; At the same time, establish a supervision and audit mechanism, conduct regular spot checks, remove inferior products in time, and do a good job in after-sales service.

6.2.2 In terms of user maintenance, we should adhere to the tonality of the product itself and ensure the high quality of the core content.

Increase the reward function of high-quality content, give more direct ways to prove creative ability and get more economic encouragement for high-quality content; Establish a hot list of little red books similar to Weibo Hot Search and Zhihu Hot List, inform users of current trends, improve users’ immersion time, and thus increase users’ stickiness.

New user incentive mechanisms, such as daily sign-in reward, watching live broadcast time reward, shopping reward, sharing reward, etc., will enable users to get incentives not only from spiritual and emotional aspects, but also from material benefits, and these rewards can be used for cash deduction in e-commerce sectors such as welfare agencies, thus forming a cycle.

Xiaohongshu has developed from an unknown APP to a national-level software in just six years. Behind this is the creation and efforts of the founding team. "Three points rely on innovation and seven points rely on hard work." In the future, Xiaohongshu will provide more interesting community games to meet more needs of users, and expect Xiaohongshu to write his own wonderful.

　

This article was originally published by @ 京京京京京京京京京京京京京京京京 is a product manager. Reprinting is prohibited without permission.

The title map comes from Unsplash and is based on CC0 protocol.

Everyone knows that Tik Tok is very popular, and live broadcast with goods can make money. Do you know about online celebrity, an e-commerce company in Tik Tok? Let’s take a look at Tik Tok’s ranking of online celebrity with goods together with Xiaobian.

In 2019, Tik Tok is still actively promoting the realization of e-commerce in Tik Tok. Following the list of good things in Tik Tok, Tik Tok officially launched the list of sales of talents recently, which has become the focus of Tik Tok operators. At present, the most popular people who carry goods in Tik Tok are: pomelo cici sauce, Li Jiaqi, Natiguli, Hao Fan, Ye Gongzi, Spicy Lai, good geophysicist and so on.

Even during the epidemic, many cities and roads were closed; However, the live broadcast of Devil Li Jiaqi was repeated after the festival. The live broadcast lasted for 3 hours, watched by 1,600 w+people, with 26,000 boxes of snail powder, 300,000 packs of washcloths and 150,000 bottles of Red Earth liquid foundation, all in seconds. Li Jiaqi, a lipstick brother, revealed in an interview that since January 2019, he has already entered 7 figures in a month by bringing goods through live broadcast;

Undoubtedly, live broadcast with goods has become a popular fried chicken for "selling goods". Live broadcast’s unique timely interaction, hunger marketing, transparent consumption scenes and all-round sensory impact make live broadcast with goods effectively promote the conversion rate and turnover of e-commerce and improve the efficiency of traffic realization.

Interesting content+real-time two-way interaction+the lowest price of the whole network+trust guarantee, and the consumer demand of users is stimulated.

Live broadcast helps e-commerce to change from "goods and people" to "people", and the relationship between anchors, goods and consumers is getting closer and closer.

The anchor sells people and explains to users, and users pay attention to and understand the products because they like an anchor, which enhances the exposure of products and then stimulates the purchase behavior.

The above is the 18183 Xiaobian’s ranking of Tik Tok e-commerce in online celebrity and Tik Tok in online celebrity. I hope it will help you.

Long-term recruitment of anchors: male or female, cheerful personality, talent and expertise are preferred, and network hosting experience is preferred. Novice Xiaobai can also do it. The company provides free training and arranges the live broadcast time and content according to personal ability. The strength of the company supports the application for anchor popularity and ensures the traffic in the live broadcast room.

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Tik Tok dry goods

Why should the guild be added to the live broadcast?

Want to realize short video? Add MCN!

In recent years, artificial intelligence technology represented by deep learning and reinforcement learning has expanded from engineering fields such as language translation, image recognition and industrial automation to economic and financial fields such as intelligent production, intelligent agriculture, intelligent logistics, macro-economic monitoring of big data, and quantitative investment and research, which can be said to be widely used.

Artificial intelligence technology has the inherent advantage of dealing with high-dimensional data, and can avoid many limitations of traditional analysis methods by means of representation learning, value function approximation and feature selection, and obtain better prediction and decision-making effects. In order to make artificial intelligence technology achieve satisfactory prediction and decision-making results, researchers often need to invest a lot of data resources. This technical feature makes data resources a key factor of production. With the popularization of big data, intelligence, mobile Internet and cloud computing, artificial intelligence technology, as the underlying technology to provide information products and services, is also the key to the gradual transformation of industrial economy to digital economy.

　　What is the artificial intelligence algorithm?

　　Artificial intelligence algorithms can be roughly divided into supervised learning, unsupervised learning and reinforcement learning. Among them, supervised learning learns laws from human experience through continuous training programs (models). In this kind of machine learning, researchers will constantly adjust model parameters by marking data to achieve learning purposes. Similar to parents will show their children different colors, sizes and even kinds of apples, and teach children to know "never seen" apples. This is the purpose of supervised learning: out-of-sample prediction.

　　Unsupervised learning enables the machine to extract features directly from the existing data and compress the information for other tasks through training programs. Like traditional principal component analysis, high-dimensional features can be approximated by low-dimensional vectors. For example, we can use principal component analysis technology to compress pictures to save storage space. Therefore, this kind of machine learning algorithm does not need previous experience, and is also called unsupervised learning.

　　Of course, the relationship between unsupervised learning and supervised learning is not contradictory to each other, and we can also use semi-supervised learning algorithm for data with partial labels. For example, the recently popular antagonistic neural network — — We can use this algorithm to learn a series of Oracle Bone Inscriptions, so that it can generate a number of "Oracle Bone Inscriptions" which is enough to confuse the false with the true, but never represents any meaning, which is equivalent to a calculation program that "paints a tiger as a tiger" but doesn’t know it is a tiger.

　　 In addition, reinforcement learning is different from the above (none, half) supervised learning algorithm. Reinforcement learning is an extension of dynamic optimization, while (none, half) supervised learning is closer to statistics. Reinforcement learning can maximize the cumulative benefits of intelligent programs by making them constantly interact with the environment and adjusting the decision parameters (processes) of intelligent programs. Reinforcement learning is the machine learning algorithm closest to human decision-making process, which is similar to letting an agent perceive the world infinitely and quickly, and optimizing its decision-making process through its own failure or success experience. In this process, computer programs do not need teachers so much. Of course, intensive learning cannot be completely separated from supervised learning. For example, AlphaGo is a computing program trained by means of intensive learning, but in the first stage of AlphaGo training, researchers used a large number of human players’ chess manuals for AlphaGo to imitate learning, where human experience is similar to that of teachers; However, in ZeroGo, an upgraded version of AlphaGo, imitation learning has been completely abandoned.

　　 In order to make artificial intelligence algorithms universally applicable, we often need a lot of data, computing power and effective computing algorithms. A large amount of data is equivalent to hiring a knowledgeable teacher to guide the computer program, and high computing power will give the computer program the ability to learn knowledge faster. An important direction in the field of artificial intelligence research is to continuously develop computing algorithms that can make more effective use of existing data and computing power, which is equivalent to providing better learning methods and paths for computer programs. Therefore, data annotation, cloud computing, chip design and algorithm development are the core parts of the artificial intelligence industry.

　　What impact does artificial intelligence technology have on social economy?

　　 In fact, artificial intelligence technology originated as a discipline in 1950s, for example, McCarthy and others, the "father of artificial intelligence", proposed artificial intelligence in 1950s; The decision tree model originated from 1950s to 1960s, while the neural network model and Q-learning reinforcement learning algorithm, which are widely used at present, originated from 1980s. However, if artificial intelligence technology wants to reach the accuracy of human decision-making, it needs a lot of training (experience) data and high computing power, so it was not until 2000 that artificial intelligence technology was able to achieve leap-forward development.

　　With the blessing of a large amount of data and high computing power, some artificial intelligence technologies can replace humans to make large-scale accurate decisions, and also replace more and more manual jobs. Judging from the current impact, on the one hand, the application of machine learning has indeed replaced some traditional labors, resulting in the labor crowding-out effect: automated robots tend to make the production process unmanned, natural language processing technology can better complete most of the translation and even information extraction, and machine learning algorithms can even more accurately characterize the properties of small molecular compounds, thus reducing the labor and time consumption required for large-scale repetitive work to some extent.

　　 On the other hand, like previous technological revolutions, the rise of machine learning has not only improved social production efficiency, but also created new jobs for society. Since the birth of the industrial revolution, steam turbines have replaced grooms and coachmen, spinning machines have replaced textile workers, wired telephones and wireless telegrams have replaced postmen, and electronic computers have replaced hand-operated computers, saving a lot of manual calculations. However, it should be noted that every scientific and technological progress has not caused a large number of social unemployment, but will change the original social production organization structure and produce new formats by improving the production efficiency and technological innovation of traditional industries. Scientific and technological progress not only changes the production technology of industrial enterprises, but also changes the work content of traditional industries, resulting in new job demands.

　　Like any other technological innovation, machine learning technology has different degrees of influence on different industries and different positions. For those who are engaged in production processes, the impact of machine learning is undoubtedly subversive. However, for those positions that need overall planning, innovation and interaction, machine learning can not make a significant impact at the current stage.

　　In addition, we also need to realize that artificial intelligence algorithms still cannot reach the level of "intelligence". Any technology is accompanied by security risks, and so are artificial intelligence algorithms. For example, most supervised learning algorithms do not have a clear logic generation process, which not only prevents researchers from effectively interfering with the algorithms, but also makes artificial intelligence algorithms less robust in the training and prediction stages. To give a simple example, in a classification algorithm, if we change a pixel on a three-inch cat photo, it may make the computer algorithm identify the cat as other items. This kind of practice is called reverse attack and involves artificial intelligence technology risks.

　 　 　 　Just like other emerging industries in the early stage of development, due to the lack of early supervision, some enterprises will make improper use of their early advantages in data, computing power and algorithms, leading to the abuse of artificial intelligence technology, monopoly operation of some head enterprises, disclosure of private data and even enterprise operation risks caused by over-reliance on algorithm decision-making, which are the application risks and derivative risks of artificial intelligence technology.

　　Therefore, how to develop and lead this strategic industry has become the top priority at present — — We need to think about how to give full play to the social bottom function of the government during the period of intelligent economic transformation, and how to standardize the operation of the private sector when its computing power and scientific and technological level exceed those of the regulatory agencies.

　　What are the advantages of the revolution with intelligent technology?

　　Strengthen investment in research and development, coordinate industry development, achieve core industry leadership, and grasp the dominance of artificial intelligence technology.Artificial intelligence has become a basic core field related to national security and overall development. At present, although the development of artificial intelligence in China is generally upward, there are still many problems in basic research, technical system, application ecology, innovation and development. Therefore, taking interdisciplinary and application transformation as the starting point to drive basic research in the field of artificial intelligence, increasing financial investment in related research, optimizing expenditure structure, and implementing tax incentives for enterprises investing in basic research will all help to coordinate the development of the industry. Focusing on strengthening the originality and leading research in the core areas of artificial intelligence (such as algorithms and chips) can better grasp the dominant position of artificial intelligence technology.

　　Pre-oriented, professional and flexible industry and technology supervision can better regulate the development of the industry and create a good digital environment.On the one hand, the artificial intelligence industry will have negative effects on monopoly, diversification, privacy and ethics. Therefore, the implementation of the underlying algorithm supervision can effectively prevent artificial intelligence-related and derivative risks such as opaque automated decision-making and privacy violations. On the other hand, the current development of artificial intelligence industry is in the explosive period of technological innovation and industrial growth. While bringing development dividends to the social economy, the flexibility of its application forms and associated formats also means that the regulatory framework and ideas should be adjusted accordingly, so as to further play the dividends brought by technological progress. In addition, we need to equip a more professional industry supervision team, empower artificial intelligence supervision with artificial intelligence technology, standardize the artificial intelligence industry in a pre-position, specialization and flexibility, and flexibly formulate the supervision framework and implementation norms according to the actual development conditions of different artificial intelligence industries, so as to reduce unnecessary obstacles faced by the development and application of artificial intelligence technology, create a good digital environment, and further build the core competitiveness of China’s artificial intelligence industry.

　　Deeply integrate the real economy, develop the digital economy and explore new formats.As the core technology in the development of digital economy, artificial intelligence technology can effectively transform data production factors into actual productivity. The improvement of production efficiency and the change of production paradigm brought about by the deep integration of intelligent technology and real economy are important driving forces for China’s macroeconomic transformation and upgrading. Therefore, deep integration of the real economy should be a major goal of the development of the artificial intelligence industry. Exploring new formats and developing new models based on artificial intelligence technology, promoting the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries, accelerating the cross-regional flow of production factors, integrating market players, and smoothing the economic cycle at home and abroad are also the inevitable needs of fully basing on and giving full play to the advantages of China’s entire industrial chain and laying out industries with digital economy advantages.

　　Give full play to the market initiative and realize the simultaneous production, learning and research of artificial intelligence industry.The long-term healthy development of artificial intelligence technology is inseparable from a good market environment and industrial support. Micro-subjects can effectively smell business opportunities, and market economy has comparative advantages in exploring new formats and exploring new models. However, as a typical knowledge-intensive industry, the artificial intelligence industry needs a lot of research and development work and trains a large number of professional and technical personnel in the early stage. Universities and research institutes have comparative advantages in personnel training and technological innovation, and are important core forces in the artificial intelligence industry chain. Therefore, taking market demand as the leading factor, organically combining enterprises, universities and scientific research institutions, we will form complementary synergy in functions and resource advantages, and provide basic support for the development of the intelligent industry. Taking economic benefits as the starting point, we should mobilize the enthusiasm of scientific and technological personnel in colleges and universities, promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements into real productive forces, and create a healthy and sustainable development ecology of artificial intelligence industry.

　　Improve the social security system and promote the system of individual development and skills training and re-employment.With the application of large-scale machine learning technology, the subjective initiative, individual innovation and overall thinking ability of the labor force are extremely important to social and economic development and personal development. However, there is still a technical gap between the traditional labor supply and the emerging labor demand — — The traditional labor force is not qualified for the job demand of emerging industries. Under this background, how to effectively promote the re-employment system of individual development and skills training, effectively bridge the technical gap, and how to adjust the social security system to make it more applicable to cross-departmental retraining and re-employment, to ensure people’s livelihood and to effectively improve social welfare, etc., are worthy of our further thinking and exploration.

　　 　(Author: Wang Xi, a researcher at Peking University Institute of Economics)

Wen | No.7 (Luosi Film and Television Research Group)

"I’m counting on it in December." When the official announcement of James Cameron’s Avatar: The Way of Water (hereinafter referred to as Avatar 2) was finalized, cinemas all over the country were waiting for it to save the market.

On December 16th, Avatar 2 was released in the mainland. After a week of release, the box office broke the 500 million mark, breaking the cumulative box office record of New Year’s adventure films in the past three years. However, compared with 13 years ago, the film did not reproduce the grand occasion of "one ticket is hard to find", and its reputation was not as good as that of the previous film. The comments of "full score for special effects and zero score for plot" were endless.

See the special effects or the plot? Box office failure or long tail effect? Can the movie market be saved by Avatar 2? These are all hot topics in the recent film market.

"Avatar 2" special effects 100 points!

“It’s not true, it’s true"

Avatar 2 supports many formats, such as 3D, CINITY, IMAX 3D, Dolby Cinema, China Giant Screen and so on. After comprehensive comparison, the laser IMAX version with "all-round" frame, frame rate, clarity and sound effect is selected.

Put on 3D glasses, the familiar Pandora planet is back, and the rainforest is still the same. After nearly an hour of plot preparation, Jack and Neytiri left the tribe with their children and sought refuge in the island reef family, thus unlocking the "ocean" map of Pandora.

Movies and the ocean are the love of Cameron’s life. How beautiful is his love letter to the ocean? The author is in a movie theater, but he seems to be in the sea. The magnificent and colorful "water world" is within reach, the light and shadow flicker and flow, the spray is delicate and soft, the marine life is lifelike, and the visual effect is realistic, which can be called a beautiful marine documentary.

The most eye-catching new species is the underwater overlord "Tukun". The scene of Tukun’s migration in the sea, accompanied by magnificent music, is an unprecedented visual spectacle, which can’t help but remind people of "Happy Travel": "There are fish in the north, and their name is Kun. Kun is so big, I don’t know its thousands of miles; Into a bird, its name is Peng. Peng’s back is thousands of miles away. "

On special effects, Avatar 2 can definitely get 100 points. The film critic "Electronic Knight" believes that the picture presentation of the film is top-notch at present. "Almost all the special effects of commercial blockbusters will be somewhat problematic, butAlmost every frame of Avatar 2 is very clear, true and stable.Whether it is CGI objects, physical special effects equipment, vehicles, or remote digital scenery, there is no flaw. "

A Douban netizen who painted Avatar 2 twice also said that there were no flaws in even the smallest side details. "For example, when Luoak was abandoned in Sanxiong Rock and was attacked by sea animals, the audience’s attention was focused on the character. As a result, I found a small coral on the left edge of the rock in a shot, which shrank and crawled slightly along the water flow in the picture … This is no longer a fake, but it is true."

For the audience who advocate "technology flow", only by choosing the special effects hall in the cinema can they feel what is the "ceiling" of the film industry.This is the irreplaceable charm of 3D movies and the unique technical aesthetics..

The script is automatically generated like AI?

"To have special effects, to have special effects on the plot"

After talking about special effects, let’s talk about the plot. "Avatar 2" Douban scored 8.4, and now it has fallen to 8.1, and its reputation is not as good as that of the previous work."Special effects are required, and special effects are required for the plot"-It is not difficult to see from the online hot reviews that the plot is the biggest flaw in the film..

Avatar 2 is set more than 10 years after the end of the first plot, and tells the story of Jack and his family Qi Xin working together to defeat the villain Colonel Kuric.Affection is the main thread that runs through the whole film, but it is evaluated by polarization.: the favorite audience thinks that the family element is sincere enough and moving enough; Disliked audiences spit, the contradiction between father and son, ethnic conflicts and other bridges are too old-fashioned, and the script is like AI automatically generated.

Indeed, if the 193-minute film is completely supported by visual effects, it will inevitably be exhausting. Investigate its reason,Perhaps it is related to the positioning of the second part in the "Avatar Universe". The characters are complex and the story has transitional properties..

Colonel Kuric was saved by his son "Spider", and the characters may be "blackened" or related to Avatar 3: The Seed Bearer; The growth of the youngest son and his acquaintance with Payakan are paving the way for Avatar 4: Tukun Knight. The mystery of the adopted daughter Qili’s life experience and the connection with the spiritual core of Pandora seem to be solved in Avatar 5: Pursuing Eva.

In the view of catching entertainment,Although Avatar 2 is not as urine point-free as the first film, it also has some merits.. The film’s humanistic concern for the environment and biology transcends family ties. Among them, the story about Tukun is the climax of the whole film, full of emotion.

In Cameron’s design, Tukun is a more intelligent creature than human beings. They have their own language, art, mathematics and music, but they never take the initiative to attack foreigners and treat external attacks and plunder with a defensive attitude. However, because there is a substance in its body that can delay aging, it is hunted by the Kun team.

In the film, the plot around Tukun contracted tears. First, Tukun Payakan was killed by humans and became a broken fin Tukun. In order to prevent humans from killing the same kind and protect their loved ones, it was misunderstood by ethnic groups and "left alone"; Second, Tu Kun’s mother was captured by Kun hunters in order to protect her children. Third, Tukun Payakan became friends with Jack’s youngest son. He took revenge in the decisive battle at sea and was called a "hero".

"I want to be friends with Tukun", "Man and nature have always touched me the most, and I also want to have a Tukun", "I cried at the moment when Tukun turned over and boarded the boat …" Weibo casually searched for the review of Avatar 2, and Tukun was the focus of hot discussion, which aroused strong resonance from the audience.The film appeals to people to protect the ocean and respect everything in the universe. As the film says, "water connects everything in the world", and the way of water is endless, with no beginning and no end..

"Retaliatory viewing" did not come.

New films are fixed and withdrawn.

Before Avatar 2 was released, the whole movie market was waiting for it to "save the market". So, how did the film perform at the mainland box office?

According to the data of Lighthouse Professional Edition, up to now, the box office of the film has accumulated 540 million yuan, 126 million yuan on the first day and 398 million yuan in the first week.The "retaliatory viewing" expected by the cinema did not come in the first week of release.Since its release on December 16th, Avatar 2 has broken through 200 million box office in 18 hours, 300 million at 13: 00 a day and 400 million at 18: 00 two days. Subsequently, the growth rate of box office slowed down. At 10: 31 on December 22, the box office of the film broke through the 500 million yuan mark, from 400 million to 500 million, which took more than three days.

Previously, the industry predicted that Avatar 2 could reach the highest box office of 3-4 billion in the mainland, but the entertainment record was seen on the two platforms of Lighthouse Professional Edition and Cat’s Eye Professional Edition, and the box office trend forecast chart dropped significantly. Among them, the cat’s eye professional version is predicted to be 1 billion yuan, which is significantly smaller than before.

The global box office of Avatar 2 exceeded 600 million dollars today, and its performance was not as good as expected. The previous movie earned $2.923 billion at the global box office, which is still the first movie in the global film history, and this record has been maintained for more than 10 years.

Why is Avatar 2′ s box office appeal not good? There are many reasons.

First, affected by the epidemic, the willingness to watch movies is generally low.Some netizens teased and said, "Those who are yang can’t go out, and those who are not yang dare not go out." There are also "Yangkangs" who go to the movies, saying that "the cinemas are coughing one after another", which obviously hinders some potential viewers.

Second, affected by the fare, some viewers were dissuaded.There are many versions of Avatar 2, and the ordinary 3D version can’t get the best experience, but the tickets for special effects halls such as laser IMAX and CINITY are too expensive. According to media reports, the price of CINITY Hall in Beijing is around 200-300 yuan, while the price of CINITY Hall in Shanghai, Guangzhou and other cities is as high as that in 400 yuan. Although the fare has decreased, the CINITY Hall in China is generally about 100 yuan.

Third, influenced by ideas, fans no longer pay for special effects.Twelve years ago, "Avatar" brought fire to 3D viewing, which promoted the rapid expansion of IMAX screens in China. Now, the shooting technology of the second film has been completely advanced, but the audience no longer pursues "special effects are king", but pays more attention to good stories. Earlier, when Yu Dong, the chairman of Bona Film, attended a forum to talk about Avatar 2, he also said that foreign films began to slowly adapt to the viewing habits of China audiences.

However, it is not yet possible to conclude that Avatar 2 failed at the box office. At present, the film has no competitors in genre. As Christmas and New Year’s Day approach, the film is expected to usher in a wave of growth in North America and China. It’s just that the box office performance of Avatar 2 is not as good as expected, which also makes the movie market waver.

In the coming Christmas and New Year’s Eve, there are currently eight new films to be shown from December 23rd to 31st, namely, the Hollywood action comedy Agent Scared, and the cartoon Cat in Boots 2, Dragon Horse! Newborn tennis prince; The romantic film "I want to see you" and "Transformation Raiders" released on the 24th; The cartoon Journey to the West, which was released on 30th, and the comedy Desperate Husband and the cartoon Oak Restaurant, which were released on 31st. Among the eight new films, cartoons account for half.

However, the most anticipated comedy movie "Keep You Safe" chose to withdraw the file. On the evening of December 21st, Weibo, the official of "Keep You Safe", issued a document saying that after comprehensive consideration, it was decided to postpone the release, and the film was previously scheduled for New Year’s Eve.

After the adjustment of epidemic prevention and control policies, cinemas have gradually resumed work, and the operating rate of the national film market has recovered to 72.2% (the latest data of Lighthouse Professional Edition). After three years of silence, the recovery of the film industry can not rely on a film to "save the market", and the recovery will also be a long-term process.

　　The Supreme Court’s decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.

　　Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of "double effect", a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects— a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen— is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.

　　Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients’ pain, even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient.

　　Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that the principle will shield doctors who "until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient mediation to control their pain if that might hasten death."

　　George Annas, chair of the health law department at Boston University, maintains that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose, the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death. "It’s like surgery, "he says. "We don’t call those deaths homicides because the doctors didn’t intend to kill their patients, although they risked their death. If you’re a physician, you can risk your patient’s suicide as long as you don’t intend their suicide."

　　On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modem medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.

　　Just three weeks before the Court’s ruling on physician-assisted suicide, the National Academy of Science (NAS) released a two-volume report, Approaching Death: Improving Care at the End of Life. It identifies the undertreatment of pain and the aggressive use of "ineffectual and forced medic al procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying" as the twin problems of end-of-life care.

　　The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices, to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies, to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care, and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life.

　　Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives translate into better care. “Large numbers of physician s seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering, ”to the extent that it constitutes “systematic patient abuse.” He says medical licensing boards “must make it clear … that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetently managed and should result in license suspension.”

　　36. From the first three paragraphs, we learn that

　　[A]doctors used to increase drug dosages to control their patients’ pain.

　　[B]it is still illegal for doctors to help the dying end their lives.

　　[C]the Supreme Court strongly opposes physician-assisted suicide.

　　[D]patients have no constitutional right to commit suicide.

　　37. Which of the following statements its true according to the text?

　　[A]Doctors will be held guilty if they risk their patients’ death.

　　[B]Modern medicine has assisted terminally ill patients in painless recovery.

　　[C]The Court ruled that high-dosage pain-relieving medication can be prescribed.

　　[D]A doctor’s medication is no longer justified by his intentions.

　　38. According to the NAS’s report, one of the problems in end-of-life care is

　　[A]prolonged medical procedures.

　　[B]inadequate treatment of pain.

　　[C]systematic drug abuse.

　　[D]insufficient hospital care.

　　39. Which of the following best defines the word “aggressive" (line 3, paragraph 7)？

　　[A]Bold. [B]Harmful. [C]Careless. [D]Desperate.

　　40. George Annas would probably agree that doctors should be punished if they

　　[A]manage their patients incompetently.

　　[B]give patients more medicine than needed.

　　[C]reduce drug dosages for their patients.

　　[D]prolong the needless suffering of the patients.

　　analysis：

　　36. From the first three paragraphs, we learn that we know from the first three paragraphs.

　　[A] doctors used to increase drug dosages to control their patients’ pain.

　　Doctors used to increase the dosage of drugs to control patients’ pain.

　　[B] it is still illegal for doctors to help the dying end their lives.

　　It is still illegal for a doctor to help a critically ill person end his life.

　　[C] the Supreme Court strongly opposes physician-assisted suicide.

　　The Supreme Court strongly opposes medical-assisted suicide.

　　[D] patients have no constitutional right to commit suicide.

　　The patient has no constitutional right to commit suicide.

　　[answer] b

　　[test site] factual details.

　　[Analysis] This question tests all the contents of the first to third paragraphs, and the relevant information of option [A] can be located in the third paragraph, but the article says that "doctors have only used this principle to defend their actions in recent years." There is no way to say "used to be" in the article. Option [B] can be located in the second paragraph, which mentions that "the Constitution does not give such rights". So it can be said that this answer is correct. Option [C] can be located in the second paragraph, but the court supports this approach. As for [D], it is obviously wrong.

　　37. Which of the following statements is true according to the text?

　　According to the passage, which of the following statements is correct?

　　[A] Doctors will be held guilty if they risk their patients’ death.

　　If doctors risk patients’ lives, they will be found guilty.

　　[B] Modern medicine has assisted terminally ill patients in painless recovery.

　　Modern medicine has helped terminal patients to recover painlessly.

　　The summer has arrived, and the summer in Chongqing has not passed yet. For many girls who love beauty, midsummer means the crucial stage of losing weight in a year. In order to make themselves wear skirts without a trace of fat, many girls choose to go on a diet to lose weight. If you don’t eat, you can’t stand it. If you eat, you are afraid of getting fat. All kinds of fruits have become the most common meal replacement food for them to lose weight. But you may not think that some fruits may make you lose weight and gain weight.

　　Community fruits shop

　　Every day, there are customers who put fruit into contemporary meals.

　　Liu Hemiao, 23, lives in Dapingzheng Street, Yuzhong District. On the afternoon of August 21, she called the fruit shop downstairs, "Help me cut half a watermelon, and I’ll get it later." Every two days, Xiao Liu will let the fruit shop leave half a watermelon for himself.

　　The clerk of the fruit shop will cut the pulp of the watermelon bought for Xiao Liu and put it in two plastic boxes, which is her dinner for the next two days. "Generally, half a watermelon weighs about 7 pounds, which sounds a lot, but it’s all water, and you can still eat it, which is just right for losing weight." Watermelon for dinner to lose weight, Xiao Liu has insisted on it for more than a month, but the effect is not obvious. "I lost 3 pounds, I think it’s not bad. Anyway, I don’t exercise."

　　In fact, there are not a few people who lose weight with fruit instead of dinner. In this fruit shop under Xiaoliujialou, there are several old customers who, like Xiaoliu, choose different fruits for dinner to lose weight. "Some customers come to buy fresh fruits every day, buy several kinds at a time, and buy a little of each." Ms. He, the clerk, said.

　　Although they are all fruits to lose weight, everyone’s methods are different. Maggie Zhou, who lives in the same community as Liu Hemiao, eats some meat and pasta accidents every morning, and uses fruits for lunch and dinner. "One catty a day, at least three kinds of fruits."

　　On August 21st, Maggie Zhou set himself the fruits of pitaya, Cui Tao and bananas. Ms. Qian, who goes to the fruit shop every day to buy fresh fruit contemporary meals, will choose fruits that are not so sweet, such as white-hearted pitaya and small tomatoes. "I will not choose watermelons, grapes and bananas. The sugar is high and the calories are high. The more I eat, the fatter I get."

　　Hospital nursing specialist

　　Some fruits have higher calories than meat, and fruits lose weight before meals.

　　Is it really useful to eat fruit for dinner to lose weight? "Fructose contained in fruits can also cause the accumulation of fat in the body. Replacing dinner with fruit may not be able to reduce weight and body fat. Moreover, the nutritional components of fruits are single, mostly water and sugar, and a small amount of vitamins and protein fiber, but the trace elements such as calcium, iron and zinc required by normal metabolism of the human body cannot be satisfied. " Experts from the Nutrition Department of Daping Hospital said.

　　According to experts, eating fruit is really beneficial to lose weight, but it can’t completely replace dinner. "Actually, eating fruit before meals is more conducive to losing weight. Many of the nutrients in most fruits are water-soluble. Eating before meals is easier to be digested and absorbed by the stomach, and it is easy to feel full, which can help suppress appetite for people who want to lose weight. "

　　"On the other hand, the choice of fruits is also very important. Some fruits have higher fat content than meat. If you choose these foods for contemporary meals, it may be counterproductive. Avocado, which is regarded as a holy product to lose weight, has a higher calorie index than pork, with 143 calories for 100 grams of lean pork and 160 calories for 100 grams of avocado. At the same time, the fat content of avocado is as high as 15%-30%. "

　　For people who lose weight, fruit can’t replace vegetables. Experts suggest that no matter whether the fruit is sweet or not, the daily consumption should be controlled at 200 -350 grams, and the intake of vegetables should reach 500 grams, and different types should be changed.

　　Chongqing morning post upstream journalist Shi Heng

1, strong body

Running can improve our physical fitness. Compared with people who don’t exercise, runners are more robust, giving us more muscles, full of spiritual vitality, and improving all aspects of our body.

2. Keep your body young

Running is a good aerobic exercise. When we run, our body’s oxygen delivery and blood quantity are ten times more than usual, which will deliver more oxygen and nutrition to cells, make our cells more energetic and make our bodies younger!

3. Keep in good shape

Eating without exercise is the easiest way to get fat. Obese bodies are unsightly and, more importantly, unhealthy, while running can maintain our good bodies. Running every day can control the fat content in the body, and make our body more upright and will not go out of shape! So if you want to keep fit, running is a good way to exercise.

4. Improve sleep quality

Running at night can improve our sleep quality, because running can release the pressure of work and study during the day and produce physical fatigue, which makes it easier to fall asleep. If your sleep quality is poor, try fun run.

　　Because of the existence of China Women’s Volleyball Team, China people have always maintained deep feelings for volleyball, and the talent training and sustainable development of China volleyball have also been highly concerned.

　　However, in terms of the professional development of the project, China volleyball and the other two big ball projects — — There is still a big gap between football and basketball.

　　Insiders pointed out that the sustainable development of volleyball in China can not be separated from the growth of campus volleyball, considering the characteristics of volleyball and the development experience of some developed countries. At present, more system construction and policy support are needed in this field.

　　Shi Yongming, the former head coach of Beijing Women’s Volleyball Team, who has been engaged in school volleyball for a long time, brought out the men’s volleyball team of the middle school affiliated to Beijing Institute of Technology, which was once famous in the domestic volleyball field.

　　After 2018, Shi Yongming left the front line of the school volleyball team due to injury, but before that, Shi Yongming had been a middle school volleyball coach for more than 10 years.

　　What makes Shi Yongming proud is that over the years, many professional volleyball players have come out from the men’s volleyball team of the middle school affiliated to Beijing Institute of Technology, and almost all the players have passed the university as they wish, among which there are not a few students who have entered famous universities such as Tsinghua University and China Renmin University.

　　Shi Yongming told reporters that children who play volleyball have a way out, which is the key factor to attract children to participate in volleyball and the school to support volleyball.

　　"Volleyball itself is also a sport that tests the IQ of athletes," Shi Yongming said. Although the physical condition of volleyball players is very important, the IQ and education level of athletes can not be ignored.

　　Shi Yongming recalled to reporters his experience of leading the men’s volleyball team of the middle school affiliated to Beijing Institute of Technology to participate in a national competition — — At that time, the physical conditions of many teams participating in the competition were superior to those of the men’s volleyball team in the middle school attached to Beijing Institute of Technology, which made the children of the men’s volleyball team in the middle school attached to Beijing Institute of Technology afraid.

　　Shi Yongming told them that volleyball can’t be played well just by the height of the players, and athletes with good physical conditions may not know volleyball better. In that competition, the men’s volleyball team attached to the Middle School of Beijing Institute of Technology finally broke into the top five. This unexpected achievement not only greatly enhanced the confidence of the players, but also made them understand volleyball better.

　　Shi Yongming said that the achievements of some foreign teams have shown that volleyball is not only about athletes’ bodies, but the rise of Thai women’s volleyball team is a good example.

　　Shi Yongming believes that whether volleyball players can use their brains to play ball is closely related to their education level, which makes him firmly believe that the future of volleyball in China lies in the campus.

　　In fact, from the current training of volleyball reserve talents in China, it is also the wish of many young volleyball players to go to college with their volleyball expertise.

　　Chen Wang, head coach of Beijing Youth Women’s Volleyball Team, recently told reporters that young women’s volleyball players are between the ages of 15 and 18, which is the age when they are ready to take the university entrance exam. Most parents of the players at this age have the hope that their children will take the university entrance exam.

　　If parents think that continuing to take the volleyball road is not conducive to their children’s college entrance examination, then they will often let their children give up volleyball.

　　Chen Wang said that the players of Beijing Young Women’s Volleyball Team mainly come from sports schools in various districts of Beijing, traditional volleyball schools in middle schools and selected from other places, but no matter which channel the players are transported from, their families will basically consider their children’s going to college.

　　"So, on the one hand, from our Beijing Youth Team, the players are both training and learning, ensuring that the players are trained and studied for half a day; On the other hand, we are constantly conveying a message to the parents of the players: it is not contradictory for children to take the volleyball professional road and go to college. "

　　"We have a lot of volleyball players who are college students, and the state has preferential policies for excellent athletes to attend universities without examination. It is completely a misunderstanding of parents that children can only choose between becoming professional volleyball players and going to college. "

　　In addition, Chen Wang also hopes that parents can notice that sports also bring children the shaping of will quality, sense of honor, values and other aspects, which can provide hidden bonus points for children to better go to society in the future.

　　Another place worthy of parents’ attention is that the sports industry is a sunrise industry in China. Keeping children’s sports expertise will help them to have wider career choices in the future.

　　Students from Zhangye Middle School in Gansu Province are having a volleyball friendly match on the playground.

　　In 1990s, the professionalization reform of volleyball in China started immediately after football and basketball, but today, there is still a significant gap between the professionalization development of volleyball in China and football and basketball. The relatively weak professionalism makes the future development of volleyball in China more prominent in the construction of school volleyball system.

　　According to Li Shiguang, a physical education teacher and volleyball coach in high school affiliated to renmin university of china, the promotion of volleyball in primary and secondary schools is accelerating. For example, there was no volleyball in physical education class, but in the new curriculum standard, small volleyball will be taught in physical education class from the third grade, which can be said to be a "zero" breakthrough in the school teaching system.

　　Li Shiguang said that small volleyball is not only different from adult volleyball in name, but also has corresponding standards in terms of venue, equipment, teaching and competition according to children’s age and physical and mental characteristics.

　　It is expected that small volleyball will be launched in qualified schools in China as soon as the spring semester starts in 2023.

　　Li Shiguang has been a school volleyball coach for more than 20 years. He believes that children are a blank sheet of paper, and they can be interested in any sport. As far as volleyball is concerned, what children need is the opportunity to contact, understand and learn volleyball.

　　The most important thing for the development of volleyball is the increase of volleyball population. Only when the volleyball population is large can more volleyball athletes be selected.

　　On the other hand, only with a large volleyball population can we better cultivate volleyball culture and let more people understand volleyball, not just watch it.

　　According to the statistics of China Volleyball Association, in recent years, the scale of volleyball reserve talents in China is on the rise.

　　According to the relevant person in charge of the Youth Training Department of China Volleyball Association, China Volleyball Association has promoted the further development of youth volleyball in China by increasing the number of teams of young age groups in the National Games, canceling the entry barriers of national U-series volleyball events, transferring coaches from the top teams of national middle school students to the national team, and launching national small volleyball summer camps and championship activities.

　　However, affected by the change of enrollment policy for sports specialty students, there are still many difficulties in establishing a one-stop training system for volleyball talents from primary school to middle school to university.

　　Shi Yongming believes that the most important position for the long-term development of volleyball in China is on campus. The cultivation of volleyball competitive talents needs to pay equal attention to sports training and cultural education. At the same time, the most potential group to increase the volleyball population is students.

On the 3rd, senior three students from Huainan No.2 Middle School in Anhui Province studied by themselves last night. Photo by Chen Bin (People’s Vision)

On the 4th, the caring driver in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, put the vehicle with the words "Come on" to encourage the college entrance examination students. Photo by Ding Genhou (Image China)

　　Core reading

　　July is coming, and the 2020 college entrance examination will come as scheduled. A sudden epidemic makes this year’s review preparation particularly unusual. With the efforts of schools, families and all walks of life, candidates overcome all kinds of difficulties and sprint for their dreams. How to ensure that candidates can enter the examination room safely, successfully finish the examination papers and fill in their volunteers in an orderly manner? As always, all parts of the country are working hard to launch a relay to protect the college entrance examination.

　　On July 7th, 10.71 million candidates from all over the country will take the college entrance examination. This year’s college entrance examination is a college entrance examination under the background of the normalization of epidemic prevention and control in COVID-19, and it is also a college entrance examination in which the reform of the examination enrollment system has entered a critical period. More than 7,000 test sites and 400,000 examination rooms are waiting. The majority of college entrance examination candidates will gain growth in this special college entrance examination season.

　　Ping’ an examination

　　The most stringent measures, strengthen the examination epidemic prevention.

　　"The number of candidates in each examination room has been reduced from 30 to 20. Candidates who have temporary symptoms such as fever on the day of the exam will be arranged to take the exam in the standby examination room … …” A few days ago, Li Yi, deputy secretary of the Municipal Education Commission and spokesman of the Municipal Education Commission, introduced the epidemic prevention and control work in novel coronavirus.

　　"Strengthen the examination and epidemic prevention with the strictest measures." According to the relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Education, all localities have conducted daily temperature measurement and physical health monitoring for candidates and examiners 14 days in advance. All test sites are equipped with sufficient epidemic prevention materials as required, and isolation examination rooms and isolation facilities are set up. In principle, every 10 ordinary examination rooms shall be set up with one spare isolation examination room (not less than 3 for each examination center).

　　The test center shall measure the body temperature of all the people who enter the test center, and they can only enter the test center below 37.3℃. The test center will set up a arbor and a re-examination room for those with abnormal body temperature, etc., for the people to be tested to prepare for the test and for those who fail to pass the test to take a short rest and adjust. Under the guidance of local health departments and disease control institutions, all test sites, examination places, passages, areas, tables and chairs will be cleaned and disinfected, and the completion signs will be clearly posted. Candidates with fever and cough will be transferred to the standby isolation examination room according to the established procedures.

　　"Each test center will organize candidates to leave the venue in an orderly manner, so as to achieve the wrong peak at the wrong time, keep the distance and avoid crowding. Examiners shall hand over examination papers, answer sheets, draft papers and other examination materials in an orderly manner as required. After the exam every day, each test center will also do a preventive disinfection of the examination room. Strictly implement closed management of marking points or marking areas, and implement a daily zero reporting system for marking teachers’ health status. " The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Education introduced.

　　All localities are taking strict measures to ensure a healthy and safe college entrance examination.

　　Beijing requires all examination staff to carry out nucleic acid testing before the exam, and strictly implement epidemic prevention measures such as registration of health status of candidates and examination staff, wearing masks throughout the exam, disinfection and ventilation of the examination center, and temperature check on admission.

　　Zhejiang implemented health monitoring management for candidates for 14 days before the exam, and immediately conducted "one-on-one" tracking when abnormalities were found. All candidates must enter the examination room with "temperature measurement+health code", and the candidates with abnormal temperature will be arranged according to the response plan.

　　Jinniu district, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province requires candidates to make a unified health registration on the provincial examination platform, and show their 14-day temperature test table, flow chart and health code when receiving the admission ticket.

　　"In order to create a cool environment for candidates, we require all the examination rooms without air conditioning to be installed." Li Yuping, director of the Education Bureau of Pingxiang City, Jiangxi Province, said that each test center in Pingxiang City is equipped with a staff member of the health department as the deputy examiner, as well as four doctors, an expert in disease control and epidemic prevention, an electrician and a college entrance examination equipment technician.

　　Wenxin examination

　　All-round care, providing multiple guarantees

　　"Careful thinking and hard work, stick to the end and surprise!" On the blackboard of senior three classroom in Jiyuan No.1 Middle School, Henan Province, there is a "sentence before the exam" written by the teacher every day. In addition to the scores corrected in red ink, there is also a warm sentence on the examination paper: "You are a thoughtful and talented child." "Come on! I am optimistic about you as always. "

　　"It is necessary to ensure good health and not to ignore the mental health of students." During the interview, the senior three teachers in Duodi said that it is an important part of teachers’ work to always pay attention to the psychological situation of candidates, strengthen psychological counseling before the exam and guide candidates to release anxiety.

　　On the eve of the college entrance examination, Jinan City, Shandong Province opened a "student psychological care hotline", and full-time psychological counselors provided services 24 hours a day. Wang Xiangyu, director of the Department of Ideological and Political Work of Jinan Education Bureau, said, "We selected 18 outstanding psychological counselors and psychologists in the industry to provide professional help".

　　"Teacher, can I live in the teacher’s dormitory during the college entrance examination?" Not long ago, Wang Wen quietly asked Zhou Zhihong, the head teacher, in Class 1, Grade 3, Jinkou Middle School, Jiangxia District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province. Wang Wen’s family situation is quite special. Her father works in other places, her mother can’t live without her grandmother who is seriously ill, and there are young brothers and sisters at home. Jinkou Middle School, after asking the education authorities for instructions, decided that students whose parents could not take the exam should be accompanied by school teachers. Responsible teachers keep candidates’ certificates, guide candidates to go to bed early and get up early, and give psychological counseling to students every night.

　　"It is lucky and happy to have someone to help you at the most critical time in life." A student from Wuhan No.23 Middle School wrote in his diary. Accompanied by love and guarded by teachers, the teacher-student relationship in the third year of senior high school is particularly precious.

　　In order to ensure a safe and warm college entrance examination, the reporter learned from the Ministry of Education that all localities have further strengthened their protection in transportation, noise control, heatstroke prevention and cooling, information security, etc. Under the guidance of the health and health departments, they have made overall plans to do a good job in heatstroke prevention and cooling in the examination room and try their best to create a cool examination environment for candidates. The public security department has opened up a green channel for college entrance examination candidates to apply for identity cards. At the same time, in view of the frequent occurrence of heavy rainfall, floods and typhoons in some areas in July, the relevant localities have focused on refining the special plans for dealing with natural disasters and organized emergency drills to ensure that they are prepared and effectively disposed of.

　　Fair college entrance examination

　　Check the whole process to prevent exam fraud.

　　A few days ago, Liaoning public security organs detected a cheating case involving the college entrance examination organization and withheld a batch of cheating equipment. Anhui and Henan public security organs took the initiative to attack during the classified entrance examination and art joint examination in higher vocational colleges, and cracked many cases of cheating in examinations organized and implemented through the Internet.

　　In addition, the network security department of the public security organs also investigated and dealt with a number of online self-media accounts that spread rumors of the college entrance examination according to law, and severely punished the publishers of rumors that seriously disrupted the order of the examination according to law.

　　According to reports, in order to ensure the sunshine college entrance examination and fair college entrance examination, all localities have further improved the working mechanism of joint defense, joint control and joint management, intensified prevention and crackdown, and made every effort to ensure the safety of the examination.

　　Ensuring the security and confidentiality of test papers is the most important thing. The Ministry of Education requires all localities to strictly carry out the whole process inspection, and implement multi-control in one post and joint defense of personnel and technology in the test work links such as test paper life system, printing, transportation and storage, so as to realize video monitoring without dead ends in the whole process of test paper operation and ensure the safety of test papers. At the same time, crack down on exam fraud.

　　"This year, all localities will further strengthen the admission management of test sites and actively adopt various testing methods to prevent high-tech cheating tools from entering the examination room; Take measures such as multi-card checking and man-machine comparison to prevent substitute exams. At the same time, strict selection of examination staff, strict implementation of examination regulations, timely detection and disposal of fraud in the examination room. " The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Education introduced.

　　"With the most rigorous procedures, ensure fair enrollment. In response to the hot and difficult issues that the masses care about, we will improve the system rules, plug loopholes with heavy punches, and earnestly safeguard the fairness and justice of college enrollment. " The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Education introduced: It is necessary to tighten the cage of the system, implement the enrollment bans such as "six prohibitions", "ten prohibitions" and "30 prohibitions" in college enrollment, and ensure that the enrollment process is strictly regulated. Adhere to the "sunshine enrollment", strengthen the social supervision of college enrollment, establish a multi-level enrollment information disclosure system at the national, local and school levels, and conscientiously implement the "ten publicity" of enrollment information.

　　"Increase the supervision and inspection of illegal enrollment, and insist on finding together, investigating together, and zero tolerance. Seriously carry out the re-examination of freshmen’s admission, and resolutely cancel their admission qualifications and deal with them seriously for those freshmen who resort to fraud, cheat in exams, cheat extra points or attempt to impersonate; Those who register for school will cancel their school status and will not be electronically registered as freshmen; At the same time, cooperate with the public security, discipline inspection and supervision departments to check the end and investigate the responsibilities of relevant personnel according to law. " The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Education introduced.

　　Reporter Zhao Yina Zhang Shuo (Yang Xiao mystery participated in writing)

　　CCTV News:As we all know, the annual "Golden September and Silver 10" has been the traditional sales season of the property market. However, since September 22nd this year, several provincial capital cities such as Xi ‘an, Nanchang, Nanning, Changsha, Guiyang, Shijiazhuang, Wuhan and Chongqing have intensively introduced new policies on property market regulation in two days, and six of them have implemented sales restrictions. Sales restriction has also become the biggest feature of this round of regulation, which is different from the previous regulation cycle.

　　Among them, Chongqing City and Nanchang City stipulate that newly-built commercial houses purchased in restricted sales areas can only be transferred after obtaining the title certificate of immovable property for two years; The restricted sales period in Guiyang is three years after signing the house purchase contract; Nanning is a restricted sales upgrade: legal entities purchase two or more houses for two years. Previously, Nanning had stipulated that buyers could not transfer the third or more houses until two years later; The newly purchased housing in Changsha can only be transferred after three years, and the second suite can only be purchased after the first housing is purchased for three years.

　　Zhu Daolin, director of the Department of Land Resources Management of China Agricultural University, said, judging from the recent intensive introduction of these cities, firstly, the price increase in these cities was relatively stable in the early stage, but their prices began to rise to a certain extent this year. In addition, the relative supply and demand relationship or population size of these cities is relatively large, so the demand will be relatively strong.

　　Experts said that the restriction of sales has also become the biggest feature of this round of regulation, which is different from the previous regulation cycle. From the effect point of view, it belongs to a short-term mechanism, with the aim of curbing speculative demand in the market. The essence of restricted sales is the deleveraging policy of the property market, which requires buyers to allocate assets for their own use. Otherwise, according to the trading cycle of 3-5 years, it is unlikely to attract high-leverage and high-cost funds. This restriction on sales has obviously hit the demand for speculation and investment, which reduces the investment attribute of real estate and affects the possibility of short-term profit. For leveraged investors, the risk is getting bigger and bigger.

　　Liu Weimin, a researcher at the the State Council Development Research Center, said that this means that we should carry out this regulation from the perspective of ensuring the basic balance between supply and demand. Then, on the other hand, we actually need to control the speed of entering the market reasonably, so that we can release this demand for housing smoothly.

　　The investment cycle is prolonged or the house price is consolidated at a high level.

　　For many cities to introduce purchase restriction policies, experts said that the impact on the property market should be viewed from two levels, one is the impact on itself, and the other is the signal sent by policy upgrading to the property market.

　　With the introduction of the new property market policy, the investment cycle of housing purchase in these cities will inevitably be extended, the liquidity will be limited, the demand for housing, especially the demand for investment housing, will be suppressed, the transaction volume will also decline, and house prices will be consolidated at a high level or even fall. Take Xiamen, the first city in China to implement the sales restriction policy, for example. In the month when Xiamen introduced the sales restriction policy, its new commercial housing rose by 1.9% month on month, and the price of second-hand housing rose by 4.9%. The month after the introduction of the sales restriction policy, the price increase of all kinds of houses fell rapidly, especially the price of second-hand houses fell month-on-month. In the following months, the price increase of all kinds of houses in Xiamen was within 0.5%, and the second-hand houses kept a slight decline for five consecutive months.

　　Liu Weimin, a researcher at the State Council Development Research Center, said that it will play a good role in the smooth operation of local real estate, especially for those real rigid demands.

　　Liu Weimin also said that the upgrading of property market regulation policies in many places will send a clear signal to the market, so that all parties in the market can realize the government’s determination to regulate the property market and stabilize housing prices. This will have a certain deterrent effect on property buyers in other cities, especially investment property buyers, and the wait-and-see ratio of potential property buyers in cities will also increase.

　　Expert advice: we should speed up the construction of a long-term mechanism in the real estate market.

　　The superposition of control policies such as purchase restriction, price restriction, loan restriction and sales restriction has played a significant role in curbing the rise of real estate prices for a period of time. In this regard, Deng Yusong, deputy director of the Market Economy Research Institute of the State Council Development Research Center, said in an interview with CCTV that the next step is more important for the country to speed up the construction of a long-term mechanism for the real estate market.

　　At present, local governments have begun to comprehensively use land, finance, housing security and other policy means to curb investment and strengthen the residential properties of housing, such as increasing land supply in cities with prominent housing supply and demand expectations, strengthening differentiated housing credit policies, implementing different credit policies for different buyers, improving the housing security system, and strengthening the construction of shared property housing.

　　Deng Yusong, deputy director of the Institute of Market Economy of the State Council Development Research Center, said that how to better meet the normal living needs of residents, constantly improve living conditions and guard against real estate risks should be a key point in the adjustment of our entire real estate market policy in the future, that is, how to establish the basic system and long-term mechanism of the real estate market.

　　In addition, the rental and purchase housing system will be another important aspect of the long-term mechanism of the real estate market. The reform of the housing rental market has advanced rapidly, which has forced the commercial housing market to improve itself. According to statistics, in the next five years, only four first-tier cities in the north, Guangzhou and Shenzhen will provide more than 2.5 million rental houses. In the long run, the supply structure of real estate will be optimized by providing rental housing, and the demand for self-occupation and investment will be guided to everyone, so as to promote the development of the real estate market in a more rational direction.

　　Deng Yusong, deputy director of the Institute of Market Economy of the State Council Development Research Center, said, I think it is still necessary to distinguish between investment demand and normal improvement demand, and guide investment demand reasonably so that they can play an active role in providing housing rental and realizing housing market rental, instead of speculating on houses.