People left the scene after the shooting (AP video screenshot)

　　Overseas Network May 7 th According to CBS, on the afternoon of May 6, local time, a shooting incident occurred in a shopping mall in Texas, USA, killing at least 9 people and injuring 7 others, 3 of whom were seriously injured. The gunman has been killed.

　　Jonathan Boyd, the fire chief of Allen, Texas, said that seven people, including the gunman, died on the spot. Nine people were taken to hospital after being shot, and two of them died. Three of the injured are undergoing serious injury surgery. Ryan Harvey, chief of the Allen Police Department, said that a policeman rushed to the scene after hearing the gunshots and killed the gunman. The gunman committed the crime alone.

　　The live video shows that the gunman parked his car outside the shopping center and started shooting more than 40 shots at the crowd after getting off the bus. Gum, a staff member of the mall, said that about 300 people fled at the scene and people were frightened. "I heard screams." A customer said that he saw the gunman holding an assault rifle and shooting at people. "We saw people fall down after being shot." (Overseas Network/Li Fang)

() The business review of the Board of Directors in the first half of 2024 is as follows:

　　I. Description of the industry and main business of the company during the reporting period.

(A) the development of the industry

In terms of digital government, in January 2024, Premier Li Qiang stressed at the the State Council executive meeting that it is necessary to form a normalized promotion mechanism of "efficiently doing one thing" and encouraged to learn from the successful experiences of local and departmental governments. In the same period, the State Council issued "Guiding Opinions on Further Optimizing Government Services, Improving Administrative Efficiency and Promoting" Doing One Work Efficiently "(Guo Fa [2024] No.3) (hereinafter referred to as" Guiding Opinions "), pointing out that under the guidance of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era, we should fully implement the spirit of the 20th Party Congress, adhere to the combination of problem orientation and goal orientation, and proceed from the perspective of enterprises and the masses. Take "doing one thing efficiently" as an important starting point to optimize government services and improve administrative efficiency, strengthen overall design, promote model innovation, pay attention to reform leading and digital empowerment two-wheel drive, coordinate development and safety, promote () integrated development, realize diversification of work methods, optimization of work processes, simplification of work materials and minimization of work costs, maximize the benefits of enterprises and convenience, and stimulate the endogenous power of economic and social development. The Guiding Opinions put forward specific goals: in 2024, we will promote the overall improvement of online and offline government service capabilities, improve the list management mechanism and normalization promotion mechanism of "efficiently doing one thing", and realize the first batch of "one thing" with high frequency, wide range and many problems. By 2027, an efficient government service system that is ubiquitous, intelligent, convenient, fair and inclusive will be basically formed, and the key issues of "efficiently doing one thing" in two important stages of the whole life cycle of enterprises and individuals will be effective.Greatly improve the satisfaction and sense of gain of enterprises and the masses. The Guiding Opinions points out the direction for the development of digital government in the next three years.

In April 2024, the General Office of the National Development and Reform Commission and the General Department of the National Data Bureau issued the Key Points of Digital Economy in 2024, which clearly pointed out that the level of public services should be continuously improved, the efficiency of "Internet+government services" should be improved, and the digital and intelligent level of social services such as pension, education, medical care and social security should be improved, so as to promote the digital integration of urban and rural areas and create a smart digital life. In May this year, the National Bureau of Data officially released the List of Work Points for Digital China Construction in 2024 (hereinafter referred to as "Work Points"). We will deploy key tasks in four aspects: building a digital development foundation with high quality, leading high-quality economic and social development with digital empowerment, strengthening the supporting role of key capabilities of digital China, and creating a good atmosphere for digital development. In the future, the National Bureau of Data will work with relevant departments to implement various tasks, deepen the reform of market-oriented allocation of data elements, give full play to the potential of data elements, comprehensively enhance the integrity, systematicness and synergy of the construction of digital China, promote the deep integration of digital economy and real economy, further empower economic development, enrich people’s lives and enhance the modernization level of social governance. The "Work Points" put forward the first list of 13 key issues, with the goal of achieving the first batch of "one thing" with high frequency, wide coverage and many problems in 2024. In 2027, we will realize the efficient handling of key issues in two important stages of the whole life cycle of enterprises and individuals. In May of the same period, in view of the three "one thing" of the first batch of key issues, such as the change of enterprise information, the cancellation of enterprises and the opening of restaurants,Eight departments, including the General Administration of Market Supervision and the Ministry of Public Security, issued the Implementation Opinions on Further Optimizing Government Services, Improving Administrative Efficiency and Promoting "Doing One Thing Efficiently" (Guo Shi Jian Zhu Fa [2024] No.57) to guide all localities to effectively optimize business processes, open up business systems, strengthen data sharing, and improve the level of standardization, standardization and facilitation. Fujian, Guangxi, Hunan, Jiangxi, Hubei, Shandong, Heilongjiang and other provinces have also issued documents or measures to promote the realization of "doing one thing efficiently" in light of local conditions.

Building a digital government is a key step to improve the modernization level of national governance. Building a digital government is not only a technological innovation, but also an upgrade of governance concepts, which has far-reaching significance for enhancing national competitiveness and people’s happiness. With the development of digital China, data has become a new factor of production. In January this year, the National Bureau of Data and other 17 departments jointly issued the "Three-year Action Plan for Data Elements ×" (2024-2026), aiming at giving full play to the multiplier effect of data elements and empowering economic and social development. During the two sessions, data elements became a hot topic for delegates and Committee members. In the same year, "artificial intelligence+"was written into the government work report for the first time, which means that the country will strengthen the top-level design and accelerate the formation of new quality productivity with artificial intelligence as the engine. As the permanent vice chairman of the National Digital Government Construction Alliance, the company closely follows the pulse of the market, takes advantage of the number, takes advantage of the trend, exerts the effects of "artificial intelligence", "data elements" and "efficient one thing", empowers the modernization of government governance, and helps to develop the full-cycle management and operation system of digital government.

In terms of public safety, the construction of a safe China is also an important part of the national "14th Five-Year Plan", and the construction of a safe city is the core system of the social security prevention and control system, which has become an essential element of urban public safety and an important support for a smart city. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has repeatedly stressed that "it is of great significance to build a higher level of peaceful China". The construction of "Safe China" is closely related to the governance level of public safety in every city. Urban public safety is related to the bottom line demand of people’s life and health, the urgent need of stable urban development, and the construction direction of high-level "Safe China". The construction of social security prevention and control system has become an important basic project to promote the construction of "Safe China" and realize the modernization of national governance system and governance capacity. The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader proposed to the public security work in the new era that "big data should be used as a big engine to promote the innovation and development of public security work, and combat effectiveness should be cultivated to generate new growth points". In the 14th Five-Year Plan of the Ministry of Public Security, it is proposed to build and improve the public security big data perception system, platform system, common application support system and smart business application system. Report to the 20th CPC National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that it is necessary to improve the level of public safety governance, adhere to safety first and prevention first, establish a framework for emergency response, improve the public safety system, and promote the transformation of public safety governance mode to prevention in advance. In order to thoroughly implement the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and fully implement the important instructions of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on public security work and scientific and technological work, the Ministry of Public Security and the Ministry of Science and Technology jointly issued a notice to deploy a three-year action plan to promote the development of the police through science and technology.(2023-2025), it is required to focus on social public safety, take strengthening the actual combat capability of public security as the guide, build a scientific and technological innovation platform as the basis, focus on breaking through key core technologies, promote the research and development layout of basic, strategic and cutting-edge technologies of public security, continuously deepen the innovative and integrated application of high and new technologies in public security work, build a scientific and technological innovation system of public security, and promote the quality, efficiency and power changes of public security work, so as to build a higher level of peaceful China. In order to implement the strategic plan made by the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee studied the issue of further comprehensively deepening reform and promoting Chinese-style modernization, focusing on further improving the social governance system, demanding the improvement of the overall prevention and control system of social security, improving the normalization mechanism of eliminating evils, and severely punishing illegal and criminal activities strongly reflected by the masses according to law.

In recent years, under the influence of the fluctuation of the international situation and the trend of anti-globalization, information security has risen to the national strategic level and become a key consideration factor in information construction. In this context, ensuring the security, reliability and autonomous controllability of software applications has become a long-term trend of industry development. Especially in key government agencies and fields, the pace of innovation in the application of information technology has obviously accelerated. The digital transformation of government has become a global trend. The information system of politics and law plays a vital role in improving the efficiency of government agencies, optimizing public services and strengthening law enforcement capabilities. With the continuous progress of technology, the information system of politics and law is continuously promoting intelligence and technological innovation, including the application of cutting-edge technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data analysis and cloud computing, aiming at improving law enforcement efficiency and decision-making level. In January, 2024, the Guiding Opinions on Further Optimizing Government Services, Improving Administrative Efficiency, and Promoting "Doing One Thing Efficiently" and "Promoting National Government Information Planning in the Tenth Five-Year Plan" all provided direction and support for the development of the intelligent industry of politics and law. China’s political and legal information system continues to develop in the direction of intelligence, digitalization and networking, so as to better meet the needs of social change and meet the high standard requirements of rule of law construction. This will not only strengthen the governance capacity of the government, but also provide more efficient and transparent services for the public and promote the overall progress of a society ruled by law.

In terms of social governance, promoting the modernization of urban governance is an important strategic development measure of the country. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has repeatedly stressed that to promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity, we must do a good job in the modernization of the urban governance system and governance capacity. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council’s Opinions on Strengthening the Modernization of Grass-roots Governance System and Governance Capacity, People’s Republic of China (PRC)’s 14th Five-year Plan for National Economic and Social Development and the Outline of Long-term Goals in 2035, and the State Council’s Guiding Opinions on Strengthening the Construction of Digital Government all propose to promote the modernization of urban governance system and governance capacity.

In January 2024, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, together with the National Standardization Administration Committee, issued the Guidelines for the Construction of Standard System of Urban Operation Management Service Platform, demanding that the layout of standards be optimized, the effective supply of standards be increased, the application and implementation of standards be strengthened, and a national, provincial and municipal urban transportation management service platform system with interconnection, data synchronization and business collaboration be constructed, so as to lead the high-quality development of urban operation management with standardization construction. From 2025 to 2027, the standard system of urban transportation management service platform was basically completed, the standard foundation was fully consolidated, and the good situation of "one network unified management" in urban operation management was basically formed. In April of the same year, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader inspected the Chongqing Digital City Operation and Governance Center, listened to local reports on speeding up the digital transformation of cities and exploring new ways to govern megacities, and watched the system application demonstration. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that the modernization of governance system and governance capacity is the proper meaning of Chinese modernization.

To strengthen digital empowerment and promote the modernization of urban governance, it is necessary to scientifically plan and build big data platforms and network systems, strengthen joint command and coordination among all parties, and effectively improve execution. Urban governance involves all aspects. The first thing is to make a good plan, accurately control and respond quickly with the sense of responsibility of "always worrying", effectively handle all kinds of situations, and ensure the safe and orderly operation of the city. In May of the same year, the National Development and Reform Commission, the National Bureau of Data, the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Natural Resources jointly issued the Guiding Opinions on Deepening the Development of Smart Cities and Promoting the Digital Transformation of the Whole City, which made a top-level design for deepening the development of smart cities and made efforts to promote the digital transformation of the whole city. Among the seven tasks in the document, "promoting accurate and fine urban governance" was specially taken as an important chapter, and it was proposed to improve the service platform for urban operation management and deepen the construction of "one network unified management".

Focusing on the model of "AI+ unified management through one network", the company aims to promote the modernization of urban governance system and governance capacity, and quickly puts AI+ data elements into urban governance. Based on the "deep sea" industry model, the company builds a unified management through one network, urban transportation management service, grassroots governance and AI community for urban operation, urban management, grassroots governance, people’s livelihood demands, urban services and community governance.

In terms of social operation services, promoting social operation services based on data elements has increasingly become the general trend. With the deepening of the Tenth Five-Year Plan for the Development of Digital Economy, data elements are playing an increasingly important role in the integration of digital economy and real economy. On February 7, 2024, in order to implement the work plan of "Overall Layout Plan for Digital China Construction" in the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council, the National Data Bureau, the Central Network Information Office, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the Ministry of Public Security jointly conducted a national survey on data resources, aiming at finding out the base of data resources, providing data support for relevant policy formulation, pilot demonstration and other work, speeding up the development and utilization of data resources, and giving full play to the value of data elements, marking that China’s data element market construction has entered the "top design". The National Bureau of Data issued and implemented the "Three-year Action Plan for Data Elements ×" (2024-2026), which clearly guided by scenarios, excavated and released typical application scenarios of data elements, promoted the supply and circulation of data elements, improved the efficiency of resource allocation, created () and new models, and fostered new development momentum. Take parking operation and community operation as examples: in terms of smart parking, according to the latest statistics released by the Ministry of Public Security, by the end of June 2024, the number of motor vehicles in China had reached 440 million, including 345 million cars. Forward-looking Industry Research Institute preliminarily predicts that with the support of national and local governments, the domestic smart parking market will maintain a compound average growth rate of more than 20% in the next five years.By 2025, the industry output value is expected to be close to 40 billion yuan, and the market prospect of urban parking operation based on data elements is broad. As for the smart community, according to China Report Hall, as an important part of smart city construction, with the acceleration of urbanization and the development of technology, the market demand of smart community is affected by multiple factors, and the support of policies further promotes the development of smart community market. In 2023, the market size of smart communities exceeded 680 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of more than 20%. With the continuous progress of science and technology and the continuous improvement of people’s requirements for quality of life, the development prospect of smart community market is very broad. It is predicted that by 2025, the smart community industry is expected to grow into a new trillion-dollar market. Smart community and smart parking will gradually change from simple construction mode to "construction+operation" mode, and the demand for operation services will be increasingly strong.

In terms of wisdom and environmental protection, during the reporting period, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued Opinions of the State Council, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Promoting the Construction of Beautiful China in an All-round Way and Opinions of General Office of the State Council, the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC on Strengthening the Zoning Control of Ecological Environment, which indicated that China’s ecological environmental protection has achieved a major change from key remediation to systematic governance, from passive response to active action, from participants to leaders in global environmental governance, and from practical exploration to scientific theory guidance. We should further deepen the application of artificial intelligence and other digital technologies, build a beautiful digital governance system in China, and build a green and intelligent digital ecological civilization. Implement the ecological environment informatization project and strengthen the integration and sharing of data resources and comprehensive development and utilization. Accelerate the establishment of a modern ecological environment monitoring system, improve the integrated monitoring network of the sky, the earth and the sea, strengthen the supervision and monitoring of ecological quality, and promote the research and development of ecological environment satellite loads. Strengthen the monitoring capacity building of greenhouse gases, groundwater, new pollutants, noise, ocean, radiation and rural environment, realize full coverage of coordinated monitoring of carbon reduction, pollution reduction and greening expansion, and improve the level of ecological environment quality prediction. Implement classified law enforcement supervision of pollutant discharge units, vigorously promote off-site law enforcement, and accelerate the formation of a smart law enforcement system. At the same time, a series of measures such as "promoting the construction of national water network" and "coordinating water resources, water environment and water ecological management" were written into the "Government Work Report", which pointed out the path for improving the national water security guarantee capacity. The National Water Conservancy Work Conference has made arrangements for accelerating the construction of water conservancy infrastructure, including "accelerating the improvement of rain monitoring and forecasting system","Vigorously promote the construction of digital twin water conservancy" and other key tasks. In the fourth quarter of 2023, the issuance of national debt will be increased by 1 trillion yuan, and the capacity building of disaster prevention, mitigation and relief in the water conservancy field will be the top priority. A large number of projects in the water conservancy field will land in 2024.

In terms of smart industry, during the reporting period, based on its advantages in smart city and digital government, the company cut into the business field of smart industry through a series of self-research, system integration and ecological co-construction. The company has actively developed and integrated into the localization ecology, increased investment in the underlying chips, operating systems, computing equipment, localization components, etc., and formed a certain degree of self-controllable ability. At present, it has initially formed four independent industries: AIoT Zhilian Network, safety production, video information security and law enforcement intelligent equipment.

At present, the IoT industry is mature, the integration of IoT equipment and AI technology is accelerating, and the penetration rate of technologies such as AI vision and large model in the field of smart cities continues to increase. The company will take AIoT technology as the underlying infrastructure of the big model+data element strategy, forming a closed-loop technology of software and hardware integration. On May 20, 2024, the National Development and Reform Commission and other four departments issued the Guiding Opinions on Deepening the Development of Smart Cities and Promoting the Digital Transformation of Cities. The Guiding Opinions proposes to cultivate and expand the urban digital economy. We will further promote the deep integration of digital technology with the first, second and third industries, strengthen the integrated application of key digital technologies such as big data, artificial intelligence, blockchain and advanced computing in urban scenes, and build an internationally competitive digital industrial cluster.

On this basis, the company actively expanded the B-side business, continued to deepen the safety production industry, built an integrated platform for safety supervision, and successfully promoted the landing of the Hunan Valin factory project. In the field of information security, relying on the advantages of video surveillance in smart cities and discerning projects, the company independently developed a series of video surveillance security products, and launched products such as video security reinforced gateways and video security sharing platforms, which fully supported the provincial, municipal and county public security departments to meet the requirements of GB35114 standards. In the field of intelligent equipment, the company takes advantage of the first-Mover advantage of the integrated administrative law enforcement platform, introduces a series of law enforcement intelligent equipment through ecological co-construction, expands the complete product system of law enforcement intelligent equipment, and forms the organic integration of the integrated administrative law enforcement platform to fully meet the needs of law enforcement entities at all levels.

The development trend of the industry where the company’s main business is located is improving, which has a promising development space. As a key area of national development, the demand of major customers of companies such as government units and government enterprises and institutions is strong. However, due to the continuous complex and changeable macroeconomic environment in recent years, the financial situation in various places is not ideal, the project approval period is prolonged, and the policy adjustment increases the complexity and uncertainty of project implementation, which leads to some recent projects of the company lagging behind and shrinking, and thus becomes the main incentive for the company’s performance not to meet expectations during the reporting period.

In addition, the company is actively promoting new strategic research and development direction, especially in the field of artificial intelligence and data elements. Governments at all levels attach great importance to the innovation and application of new technologies in this field. At present, the company is still in the stage of technical exploration and product trial in this field, and has not yet formed large-scale applications and orders. Based on the product strategy of artificial intelligence and data services, the company has continuously increased its investment in research and development of related products and technologies, which has led to a decline in the company’s operating results to some extent. However, with the increasing commercialization maturity of artificial intelligence and data elements, the company will gradually form a stable income source in this field in the future, thus improving its operating conditions.

(II) Brief introduction of the company’s main business

The company is a leading enterprise in artificial intelligence and data services, and is committed to promoting the innovation and development of global digital government, public safety, social governance and smart industry.

1. Artificial Intelligence/Data Elements+Digital Government

The company closely follows the market trends, deeply explores the core needs of users, actively explores cutting-edge scientific and technological means, and takes "number" as the driving force and "wisdom" as the engine, creating scenes such as "doing one thing at a time", "batch by batch", "one business with one certificate" and "traveling without a license", aiming at upgrading the government service from the traditional mode of "being able to do it" to.

(1) integrated application of government services

During the reporting period, the company focused on cutting-edge technologies such as artificial intelligence, data elements and big models, innovated industry applications and scenarios such as government service maps, government service guidance offices and customer service robots, and created "three-dimensional" intelligent government services for industry departments through hierarchical product portfolio, which promoted the transformation of government services from human service to human-computer interaction, and from experience judgment to data analysis. During the reporting period, based on Bai Ze AI big model, the company initially realized intelligent consultation and intelligent auxiliary handling such as "one thing is born" and "one thing is started by an enterprise" through technologies such as natural language understanding, multiple rounds of dialogues and user intention identification, which brought new changes to the field of government services, realized the task of asking while handling, and highly integrated AI with government services.

During the reporting period, the company continued to deepen the reform and policy requirements of "one network to run", and deeply participated in provincial and municipal integration construction projects such as Fujian, Henan and Sichuan, helping enterprises and people to handle various affairs conveniently and build an efficient government service system; The company continued to explore the mode of "industry+government service" and won the bid to build the key project of "smart public security" in Fujian Province. By building a one-stop comprehensive service window and public security administrative examination and approval system in the whole province, it provided a unified business entrance for the police in the public security window, provided comprehensive services such as household administration, public security, traffic police, entry and exit for the masses, and strived to create a convenient public security service of "one window for acceptance, one door for handling, one network for handling and one-time completion". The company unswervingly implements the strategy of "Yun Fan Going to Sea" and works hand in hand with Huawei Cloud and other partners to jointly create a new chapter in overseas markets. At present, the company has jointly formulated the strategic direction of "going to sea in a new era" with Huawei’s government affairs first Netcom Corps, and jointly built the benchmark project of Algerian national government service platform ANCDS to promote overseas digital transformation.

(2) License cloud

The company focuses on building a brand-new license cloud product around the comprehensive cloudization, engineering service, scene operation and internationalization of the license platform. The license cloud product has the characteristics of cloud multi-tenant application, distributed function expansion, multilingual adaptation and switching, and is compatible with the complex network environment of government affairs network and Internet, providing trusted electronic file generation and management, license data governance and development, license scene access and creation, mobile channel use and service for different user groups, and increasing the sense of acquisition, work and life convenience for enterprises and individuals.

During the reporting period, the company deeply participated in the construction of "smart public security" in Fujian Province, and built a public security electronic license management system based on the work deployment requirements of national government services and the industry electronic license standards of the Ministry of Public Security. The system focuses on the business requirements of four links: combing, generation, sharing and application of electronic licenses, and realizes the whole life cycle management of electronic licenses such as licenses, approvals and certificates, and provides "closed-loop" sharing application services for public security industry licenses, realizing "one photo is universal" and optimizing and improving the public security administrative efficiency and public service level. In addition, the company’s license cloud and the integrated products of government services are deeply integrated and coordinated to form stronger competitiveness, and jointly build the benchmark project of ANCDS in Algeria and the "Smart Public Security" project in Fujian Province. At the same time, it continues to land in the projects of Suizhou electronic license in Hubei Province, Zhengzhou electronic approval, Shenyang electronic license, etc., and is committed to optimizing the "no certificate" service mechanism, promoting the gradual upgrading of government services from "reducing licenses to facilitating the people without licenses", and realizing the business people to go into battle lightly. With the release of the National Network Identity Authentication Public Service Management Measures (draft for comments) jointly issued by the National Network Information Office and the Ministry of Public Security, the promotion and operation of licenses will be extended from government service scenarios to various scenarios at the C end, and license data elements can be generated, providing a new blue ocean market for the operation of electronic licenses.

(3) Big data governance platform products

In May, 2024, the National Bureau of Data officially released the List of Work Points for the Construction of Digital China in 2024 (hereinafter referred to as "Work Points"), which marked that the construction of digital China in China entered a brand-new strategic deployment stage. The publication of "Key Points of Work" has defined the main direction of the construction of digital China in 2024, in which the key points of getting through the big cycle of data resources are emphasized, and the strategic position of accelerating digital development and taking data as the core production factor is highlighted. Smooth circulation of data resources will focus on three major areas: first, focus on solving the problem of overall management of data resources, second, focus on solving the problem of insufficient supply of high-quality large-scale data, and third, focus on solving the problem of willingness to use data. Combined with the national data development strategy and new policies, the company adheres to the strategic positioning of "building an intelligent engine for data governance and empowering industry application scenarios to innovate", which is in line with the national "Work Points". During the reporting period, we continued to strengthen the improvement of the "integrated service platform for public data governance", innovated and supported business application scenario products such as government service data governance, key indicators of urban operation, and authorized operation of public data with AI+ data intelligent governance engine, and expanded the data governance+industry model. On the basis of public data, integrate enterprise data and financial services to complete the data operation scheme of enterprise financing matching service; Refine development and reform investment data and business empowerment, and complete development and reform investment and economic indicators data governance services. During the reporting period, the company actively laid out the data element market and promoted data intelligence with artificial intelligence technology.Successfully won the bid for the artificial intelligence middle platform (Phase I) project in Baoan District of Shenzhen Baoan District Information Center.

(4) Digital Intelligence Platform Products

During the reporting period, the company closely focused on the actual needs of the government and enterprises, comprehensively upgraded the two product lines of enterprise service and economic operation, and merged them into a brand-new AI enterprise service platform. The platform not only strengthens the two core applications of policy service and industrial service, but also deeply integrates "data and AI" technology, which promotes the deep landing of enterprise service and industrial service application scenarios and significantly enhances the core competitiveness of products. With the deepening of digital reform and the urgent demand of the government, enterprises and the public for the optimization of business environment and the high-quality development of regional economy, the company’s economic products have won wide market recognition. Relying on the cutting-edge achievements such as the "Bai Ze Government Model" of Tsinghua Nanwei Joint Research Center, the scene innovations such as "AI+ policy service" and "AI+ industry service" have been further deepened, and a large closed-loop ecology of benefiting enterprise service and industrial development has been constructed from the multi-dimensions of "benefiting enterprise service, industrial investment promotion and economic development", which has laid a solid foundation for the sustainable development of products.

The company focused on upgrading the enterprise service platform, which not only integrated high-frequency application scenarios such as corporate portraits, corporate labels and industrial labels, but also realized accurate characterization of enterprise characteristics through deep learning algorithms. At the same time, the functions of data link management and label consanguinity management have been strengthened to ensure the clear source, orderly circulation and reliable quality of data, providing solid data support for corporate portraits. Through the in-depth application of corporate portraits, we can provide more personalized and accurate service solutions for enterprises. In order to ensure the quality and security of data, the company introduced advanced data link governance mechanism to strictly supervise the whole process of data collection, storage, processing and application. At the same time, a label consanguinity management system is established to trace the generation process, usage scenarios and influence scope of labels, which provides a strong guarantee for the compliant use and accurate analysis of data.

Empowered by AI technology, the company launched the AI enterprise smart service module, which integrates intelligent customer service, intelligent question and answer, intelligent recommendation and other functions, and realizes intelligent interaction with enterprises through natural language processing, machine learning and other technologies. AI Enterprise Smart Service can respond to the needs of enterprises in real time, provide personalized service suggestions and improve service efficiency and satisfaction. In the field of industrial investment promotion, the company uses big data analysis and AI algorithm to realize intelligent screening and in-depth evaluation of potential attracting enterprises, accurately meet the needs of enterprises, match high-quality industrial resources, and help efficient investment promotion and industrial upgrading. At the same time, through intelligent recommendation and customized services, the accuracy and success rate of industrial investment promotion will be improved, which will help the high-quality development of regional economy. During the reporting period, this product has been applied and popularized in many cities such as Pingshan District of Shenzhen and Nanping of Fujian.

(5) Smart terminals and hall products

In January, 2024, Premier Li Qiang presided over the the State Council executive meeting to review the Guiding Opinions on Further Optimizing Government Services, Improving Administrative Efficiency and Promoting "Doing One Thing with Efficiency" (hereinafter referred to as the Guiding Opinions). In the name of the State Council, the document was officially issued and implemented by various regions and departments. "Guiding Opinions" is the first guiding document for the State Council to deploy the reform of government services after the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. The document has a strong strategic, programmatic and leading role, which is highly in line with the requirements of the times when China enters a new stage of development, and embodies the new ideas, new measures and new requirements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council in promoting the reform of government services in the new era and new journey. The products of "unattended service hall" and "integrated window workstation" will be applied to the service scene of "efficiently doing one thing", effectively promoting the innovation of government affairs mode. Therefore, the demand for hall products has been further stimulated. During the reporting period, the company applied a series of products such as "Unattended Service Hall" and "Integrated Window Workbench" to the market demand, and constantly optimized and improved the product performance, striving to promote the overall level of government services of target customers, achieving a comprehensive leap from "excellent" to "excellent", and effectively leading and driving the digital reform of the government and empowering the innovation of government governance. During the reporting period, it has obtained promotion opportunities from a number of typical users such as Chifeng, Inner Mongolia.

(6) digital intelligence supervision and supervision products

During the reporting period, the company continued to maintain its leading position in the field of supervision and continued to deepen the product research and development of "grassroots public power big data supervision platform" and "comprehensive supervision platform". Empowering the grass-roots supervision business with the advantages of "business+data +AI", refining a number of "small but beautiful" products such as "village-level project" and "grass-roots governance model square" on the basis of business scenarios such as village-level project, labor service, asset resources, rescue subsidy, village-level procurement, seal service, land acquisition and demolition, land-lost insurance, party member development and homestead application. At the same time, in terms of market space expansion, the product team actively explores the application scenarios of grassroots data elements in the fields of agriculture, rural areas and farmers, and through the intelligent application of data elements, it helps to improve the overall operational efficiency and service level in the field of rural revitalization, realize the mode innovation of business operation and data service, and establish a competitive advantage in the market.

During the reporting period, the company further improved the "comprehensive supervision platform" and provided comprehensive application services and solutions for industry data based on the product foundation of "internet plus Supervision" and "market supervision integration" in terms of serving national ministries and commissions, local "internet plus Supervision" construction departments and local industry authorities, and supporting the digitalization, intelligence and standardization of supervision business. The products focus on the research and development of "cross-departmental comprehensive supervision platform" and the precipitation of "supervision business scenarios and AI models", improve the product system, enhance product competitiveness, enhance the effectiveness of cross-departmental comprehensive supervision linkage, comprehensively judge potential risks, and urge regions to make up for shortcomings in comprehensive supervision.

(7) Digital Intelligence Administrative Law Enforcement Products

The Opinions on Strengthening the Construction of Administrative Law Enforcement Coordination and Supervision System issued by the General Offices of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council on May 14th, 2024 requires that the system and mechanism of administrative law enforcement supervision should be improved, and the administrative law enforcement supervision should be organically integrated and coordinated with other kinds of supervision.

In order to help governments at all levels to quickly respond to the new task of law enforcement system construction issued by the State Council, the company innovatively developed the product of "Nanwei Integrated Administrative Law Enforcement Platform", which realized all-round collection of law enforcement elements, full closed-loop network operation of law enforcement procedures, full-process supervision of law enforcement behavior, full-system publicity of law enforcement and full-intelligent analysis of law enforcement data, and created a new and intelligent law enforcement management and supervision experience. Create accurate, civilized, efficient and intelligent law enforcement, and promote the reform of comprehensive administrative law enforcement at the grassroots level; Break the cross-multi-layered law enforcement and continuously optimize and improve the business environment ruled by law. The platform realizes the full collection of law enforcement data, provides integrated information support for daily law enforcement business, provides support for law enforcement departments to handle cases, conducts big data analysis based on collected data, and assists decision-making. During the reporting period, the company continued to optimize the product line of administrative law enforcement and achieved remarkable results and leap-forward development. In the application of AI law enforcement elements management, based on Nanwei Bai Ze industry model, the intelligent disassembly of laws and regulations and the intelligent disassembly of law enforcement elements have been completed successively, realizing one-time structured disassembly and real-time dynamic update of legal norms, providing accurate data call and guidance for administrative law enforcement personnel. In the application of line law enforcement business, the high-frequency business line system was deeply focused, and inspections, special inspections and daily management were completed in urban management and ecological lines according to business needs, and the needs of different line law enforcement units were deeply understood and realized. In the integration and application of law enforcement equipment, a series of high-performance and intelligent law enforcement equipment and innovative law enforcement products have been developed.Combining cutting-edge artificial intelligence, big data analysis and Internet of Things technology, focusing on improving the efficiency and accuracy of law enforcement, a portable law enforcement recorder integrating high-definition camera, real-time data transmission and intelligent analysis was launched, which effectively improved the scientific and technological content and standardization level of law enforcement work, and greatly improved the ability of law enforcement data collection, processing and analysis.

During the reporting period, the Interim Measures for the Administration of Fujian Integrated Administrative Law Enforcement Platform came into effect on June 1, 2024, and the platform has been fully applied in Fujian Province. In the 2024 Digital China Innovation Competition, "Nanwei Integrated Administrative Law Enforcement Platform" won the third prize of Fuzhou Xinchuang Circuit. In the future, the company will continue to adhere to the concept of "technology empowers law enforcement, innovation drives development", deepen product and service innovation, strengthen communication and cooperation with customers, accurately grasp changes in market demand, and continuously improve the intelligent level and user experience of law enforcement products.

(8) Smart development and reform integrated products

During the reporting period, the company continued to maintain its leading position in the field of development and reform, and established a product line of intelligent development and reform integration platform, including sub-products, such as integrated management platform for investment projects, online approval and supervision platform for investment projects, digital management platform for investment projects, and efficiency management system for engineering construction projects. With the technical support of "data +AI", the company enabled the full closed-loop business of investment projects. On the basis of investment project declaration and approval, At the same time, in terms of market space expansion, we explore the AI-based mini-robot, which can guide enterprise scenario project declaration and assist departments in intelligent project approval and scientific investment decision-making through intelligent question and answer, data model analysis and rule formulation.

During the reporting period, in order to serve local governments, development and reform departments and industry authorities, the company further improved the development and reform series of sub-products on the basis of smart development and reform integrated platform products, and provided comprehensive application services and solutions for industry data. Empowering the development and reform work through "data +AI" will improve the level of system intelligence, enhance the core competitiveness of products, and provide strong support for governments at all levels in the field of industrial development and project investment.

2. Artificial intelligence/data elements+public safety

In terms of public safety, during the reporting period, the company, as a leading public security big data expert in China, focused on the intelligent construction and application of public security big data, focused on data fusion and sharing, integrated and innovative applications, focused on data collection, transmission and governance of intelligent sensing devices, video and image AI, and research and development of practical application products of police, provided products and comprehensive solutions integrating practical police, people’s livelihood police, standardized police and humanistic police for the construction of smart public security, and promoted the quality change, efficiency change and police work. At present, the projects undertaken by the company have covered five levels of public security organs from central to local.

(1) Public Security Big Data Platform

Through the life-cycle management of data collection, access, transmission, processing, organization and service, the company builds a product system of police data center and components, and builds a big data service center to provide support for various police practical application services. The products mainly cover software platforms such as data collection and transmission, data management, data integration, data cross-network exchange and data service (including tag center, relationship center, trajectory center and monitoring and early warning center) in the public security industry, and have been applied and promoted in multi-level and multi-level public security organs.

(2) Video image AI middle station

The company builds a video image AI middle platform that integrates video image analysis, multi-hardware computing power management, multi-vendor algorithm management, multi-scene task scheduling, unified resource management, unified service interface, etc. By constructing local and global information in video images, it analyzes multi-dimensional features such as space-time layer, semantic layer and task layer, and integrates various algorithm engines such as face, vehicle, human body and gait to generate multi-modal structured information in different scenes, which is public security big data. According to the relevant policy requirements of social governance and social security prevention and control system construction in the city, we will further strengthen the video image sharing service between the public security and other government departments, and improve the intelligent analysis and application ability of video images in different industries. This product has been widely used in actual combat scenes such as public security, ocean, government affairs, etc., and has achieved over 10,000-level video image analysis in many projects, helping Fuzhou Public Security Bureau and Quanzhou Public Security Bureau of Fujian Province to realize the on-demand deployment of algorithms and computing power in different scenes, different time periods and different tasks, and meet the needs of tens of thousands of passers-by image analysis, portrait gathering, video structuring and vehicle secondary identification.

(3) Police service center

The police middle office highly integrates and condenses the work requirements of various police services, extracts the commonness of grass-roots work, constructs the standard parts of police work and the police message bus, and makes each service into a standard part by graphically configuring the work, so that the police can clearly know what they should do, how to do it and to what extent. Relying on the ability of data aggregation, governance and analysis of big data center, we can effectively solve the four core pain points of heavy grassroots work, insufficient standards, difficult assessment and lack of empowerment from four dimensions: multi-police business integration, multi-scenario modeling and analysis, standardized circulation of police affairs, and whole-process analysis and assessment, and solve the practical problems of police information in grassroots police stations. It is integrated into the AI policing intelligent question answering system. Through natural language processing and machine learning algorithms, it supports the police to input words, photos, etc., and quickly conduct intelligent questions and answers, so that the police can quickly grasp the information of people, cars and other elements and assist the grassroots policing work.

(4) AI all-in-one machine for traffic violations

Combined with the actual scene requirements in the field of public safety, the company has built diversified and lightweight AI edge computing equipment, developed characteristic algorithm models such as people, cars, objects and behaviors, and continuously increased investment in the research and development of intelligent and innovative applications of video images. The intelligent analysis machine for traffic violations, which is mainly developed, combines artificial intelligence technology with edge computing to accurately identify and warn over 50 kinds of illegal behaviors such as trucks, motorcycles and electric vehicles, effectively supplementing the blind spot of traditional traffic technology monitoring, and providing technical support for road traffic accident prevention.

(5) Police practical application products

According to the requirements of the national municipal social governance construction policy, the company conducts in-depth research on police types and grassroots police stations, develops various innovative applications, and continuously improves the business capabilities of customized products. From prevention to disposal, we will fully integrate the prevention of public safety risks and the improvement of public safety governance with "big data" and artificial intelligence upgrades, strengthen the application of big data modeling, accurately analyze potential safety risks, and improve the effectiveness of public safety prevention and disposal. In the prevention stage, based on artificial intelligence technology, real-time monitoring and prediction of various public safety risks are realized. Through the mining and learning of historical data, potential safety risk patterns are identified and early warning is carried out. In the disposal stage, once a public safety incident occurs, the artificial intelligence system can quickly analyze and judge the incident, providing scientific decision-making basis for decision makers.

(1) Iteratively upgrade the actual combat platform for social security prevention and control, improve the integrity, coordination and accuracy of social security prevention and control, accelerate the modernization of the city’s social security prevention and control system, lead the public security organs to prevent and manage various tasks, improve the control of social security in a dynamic environment, and help prevent and take the initiative in policing.

② Iteratively upgrade the main defense platform of smart police station, rely on the big data empowerment system, explore a new path of "preventive policing", and strengthen the closed loop of investigation, monitoring, early warning and disposal of key focus objects, clues of illegal crimes and potential risks in the jurisdiction, so as to achieve a clear base, clear information and smart information, aiming at effectively reducing police situation, controlling cases and eliminating hidden dangers, realizing a virtuous circle of social security and creating a "public security sample" with high-quality development.

③ Research and develop an integrated prevention and control platform for coastal areas and seas, strive to create a smart coastal defense solution with the goal of "comprehensive perception, extensive interconnection, integration and sharing", build a coastal defense information system in the new era based on the public security big data platform, and form an orderly coverage of coastal provinces, cities and counties across the country, helping the company to speed up the layout of "smart coastal defense" areas and enhance the market competitiveness of coastal defense service products.

(4) Develop a practical application platform for public security big data, and provide grassroots police with three levels of empowerment methods: automatic system push, police self-inquiry and professional empowerment of data support posts, so as to realize that big data support can be reached at any time and anywhere, and effectively solve the demand of grassroots police for data empowerment. The platform improves the efficiency and accuracy of police work, meets the urgent needs of grassroots police personnel for rapid information acquisition and analysis in daily patrols, police situation handling, case investigation and other scenarios, and ensures that big data resources can become the right-hand man of every frontline policeman.

⑤ Research and develop a telecommunication network crime prevention platform, build a multi-level anti-fraud integrated working mechanism linked by provinces, cities, counties and institutes, and provide technical support for the police from early warning and dissuasion, case-like attack, card disconnection, personnel control and technical countermeasures.

⑥ R&D of an integrated combat platform focusing on various high-frequency combat scenarios, focusing on improving the three capabilities of intelligence, command and action, and building an integrated flat emergency command system of provinces, cities, counties and institutes, which provides strong data services and technical support for frontline combat police.

In terms of smart politics and law, the company has been deeply involved in the field of politics and law for many years, focusing on technological innovation, applied research and development and construction services in the fields of politics and law committee, procuratorate, court and judicature. Relying on core technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data and cloud computing, the company provides products and overall solutions covering the whole life cycle of the political and law industry, such as smart rule of law, smart governance, smart prosecution, smart court and smart communication, and realizes. The details are as follows:

(1) wisdom and rule of law

The company has made remarkable achievements in wisdom and rule of law, and its products such as political and legal cooperation and law enforcement supervision have been widely recognized by the industry. The company will continue to deepen technological innovation and continuously optimize product functions to meet the ever-changing market demand. Among them, the cross-departmental big data case-handling platform of politics and law breaks down the data barriers between the public, procuratorial, legal and administrative departments, integrates the () of the political and legal departments, deeply connects the criminal, civil and administrative case processes, and realizes the network interconnection of political and legal units, online handling of the whole case, safe sharing of information and data, efficient and transparent convenience service, intelligent assistance to scientific decision-making, law enforcement supervision to improve quality and efficiency, and real-time tracking of the property involved, so that the platform can promote strict law enforcement. During the reporting period, the company won the bid for the cross-departmental big data case-handling platform project in Fujian Province. Based on "big data+intelligent algorithm" and centered on "people and cases", the supervision platform of political and legal law enforcement integrates the supervision data of various political and legal units, deeply analyzes the potential value and correlation of data such as criminal cases, letters and visits, comprehensive management, and clues to eliminate evils, and then constructs various risk early warning strategies, forming a triple line of defense of "early warning, handling in the process and rectifying afterwards", and building a case investigation without handling cases and coordination. Based on information technologies such as cloud computing and big data, the inter-departmental property management platform establishes an efficient data circulation and sharing mechanism, and opens up business data of public security, procuratorate, court and finance bureau to realizeWith the refined management of "one case, one file" and "one thing, one yard", all political and legal departments can track the disposal of the property involved in real time to ensure that the disposal of the property involved is open and transparent, and the disposal process is fully recorded and traceable.

(2) Smart governance

In the field of smart governance products, the company adheres to the concept of innovation-driven, and uses cutting-edge information technology to develop a variety of products, such as contradiction mediation, key personnel management and control, social governance, and safety assessment, in order to build a harmonious, safe and efficient social governance system, and then contribute to social stability and sustainable development. One-stop diversified solution platform for contradictions and disputes uses artificial intelligence, big data and other technologies, in accordance with the idea of "multi-center integration", horizontally cooperates with public security, justice, courts, letters and visits and other departments, and vertically links the six-level organizational system to realize the closed loop of the whole process of mediation centers, intelligent analysis of judgment centers and empowerment centers, and promote "one-stop acceptance, package mediation and full chain settlement" of disputes. At the same time, intelligent tools such as intelligent input, intelligent question and answer, video mediation, intelligent document generation, and AI risk warning are provided to help resolve conflicts and disputes with science and technology, improve the intelligent level of conflict and dispute resolution, and improve the efficiency of conflict and dispute resolution. During the reporting period, the company’s one-stop diversified solution platform for contradictions and disputes was selected as the 2024 intelligent governance innovation plan for intelligent construction of politics and law. The digital management and control platform for key personnel integrates multi-departmental data resources such as public security, justice and health care, and establishes a "one person, one file" information base for key people. Based on the precise definition of key personnel’s risk topics and the in-depth analysis of risk factors, a comprehensive risk analysis model is constructed to gain insight into abnormal behaviors and potential risks in time and issue accurate early warning. With the help of collaborative distribution system, it is seamlessly connected with various departments to form an efficient management and control mechanism.Realize intelligent early warning, whole-network analysis, intelligent judgment and full-process control for key populations. The smart platform for social governance uses technologies such as big data and artificial intelligence to create a smart platform for social governance that integrates innovative applications such as data aggregation, data analysis and judgment, risk assessment and early warning, whole-process supervision and assessment, visual command and dispatch, and mobile application, and promotes the transformation of social governance from "single-handedness" to "collaborative linkage" and from "passive emergency" to "active response". During the reporting period, the company won the bid for Quanzhou Social Governance Smart Platform Project.

(3) Wisdom inspection

During the reporting period, the company focused on the in-depth development in the field of intelligent procuratorial work, committed itself to innovating the judicial case handling mode, promoted the modernization process of the legal supervision system, and provided solid technical support and professional services for the modernization transformation and high-quality development of procuratorial work. The products independently developed by the company, such as wisdom reading, legal supervision model and supervision of non-custodial personnel, were widely recognized and concerned by the client units. With the guiding concept of "improving the criminal accusation system with evidence as the core", the intelligent marking system deeply integrates the AI model, empowers online electronic marking application scenarios, provides a conversational AI marking tool for the whole process of handling cases, provides a solid guarantee for comprehensively improving the efficiency and quality of marking, and lays a solid foundation for "running every case with high quality and efficiency". Big data legal supervision platform is a comprehensive digital platform aimed at improving the legal supervision ability of procuratorial organs. The platform uses advanced digital technology to fuse, mine and analyze multi-source data, which provides key technical support for the legal supervision of procuratorial organs, provides solid and reliable basic support for legal supervision, and then helps procuratorial organs to perform their duties more efficiently and firmly safeguard social fairness and justice. The synchronous recording and video recording system of confession and punishment is based on the actual needs of procuratorial organs, and adopts flexible and easy-to-operate system design to assist prosecutors to complete the synchronous recording and video recording of confession and punishment efficiently and with high quality. The system ensures the high standards and norms of handling cases of pleading guilty and admitting punishment, effectively promotes the better application of the system of pleading guilty and admitting punishment, and promotes the development of information litigation and serving sentences.With the support of artificial intelligence, big data, blockchain, cloud computing and other technologies, the digital supervision platform for non-detainees has realized the replacement of "man-to-man" by "cloud supervision" through the functional design of non-detainees’ application for going out, warning of violations, regular punching and irregular sampling, with the help of GPS positioning system, face and fingerprint recognition, and promoted the development of electronic supervision.

(4) Smart Court

In the field of smart court construction, relying on the existing mature products, the company continues to promote technological innovation and service upgrading, and is committed to improving the work efficiency and case handling quality of court staff at all levels, contributing to the double improvement of judicial justice and efficiency. Taking "people and cases" as the starting point, the platform for the prevention and control of integrity risks uses big data and AI intelligent analysis technology to sort out the risk points of key departments, key positions and key responsibilities, build an analysis and comparison risk model, realize intelligent analysis, automatic judgment, rapid warning and accurate push of integrity risk prevention and control, ensure the people’s courts’ all-round supervision of "responsibility and power of people and cases", and ensure that the operational risks of judicial power are visible, the problems are accurately grasped and the rights are managed. In strict accordance with the relevant requirements of the latest performance appraisal method in the Supreme People’s Court in 2024, the intelligent performance visualization management platform has realized the intelligent assessment and management of judges, legal assistants, bailiffs and administrative personnel in courts at all levels. The platform uses modern information technology to collect, process, count and analyze all kinds of court data, and intelligently completes the multi-dimensional, three-dimensional and comprehensive evaluation of performance appraisal, effectively improving the scientificity and objectivity of appraisal and avoiding the interference of human subjective factors.

(5) Smart contact

Many smart contact products, such as the company’s representative contact system, the digital NPC platform and the smart CPPCC platform, have deeply grasped the development trend of digitalization and network intelligence. Relying on cutting-edge digital technologies such as the Internet, big data, cloud computing and artificial intelligence, through the Internet, APP, WeChat applet, WeChat WeChat official account and other diversified channels, they have carefully created the core function of "handling the whole process of proposal" and supported by "full data portrait". A comprehensive platform with the ultimate goal of "leading liaison work in all directions" provides comprehensive and advanced information support and decision-making auxiliary tools for delegates, Committee members and leaders at all levels, which greatly promotes the modernization of governance system and governance capacity.

3. Artificial intelligence/data elements+social governance

During the reporting period, in the field of urban governance, Nanwei focused on the "A1+ one network unified management" model, aiming at promoting the modernization of urban governance system and governance capacity, fully integrating the emerging concepts of AI and data elements, and taking the "deep sea" industry model as the base. For urban operation, urban management, grass-roots governance, people’s livelihood demands, urban services, community governance, etc., we will build pragmatic, practical and landing solutions such as unified management of one network, urban transportation management service, grass-roots governance, urban communication and AI community, and promote the innovation of urban governance model, the reshaping of governance methods and the reconstruction of governance system, so as to make the city run more orderly, manage more efficiently and serve more accurately. The service cases have covered more than 10 provinces such as Beijing, Guangdong, Fujian, Sichuan, Guizhou, Henan and Hubei, including more than 100 cities such as Shenzhen, Fuzhou, Xiamen, Quanzhou, Chengdu and Guiyang, serving more than 400 million people.

(1) unified management of one network

The "one network unified management" for urban operation led by party committees and governments at all levels is the core platform for digital government and smart city construction, and it is also an important starting point for party committees and governments at all levels to promote urban governance. The company’s urban operation is "unified management through one network", focusing on "efficient handling of one thing" and "unified management" around five major areas of urban management, social governance, public safety, ecological environmental protection and industrial economy, which are concerned by the party Committee and government, to build a new paradigm of urban governance.

During the reporting period, the company, as the deputy head of the Operation Special Group of the Smart City Standards Working Group of the National Signaling Committee, participated in five national and industry standards, and deeply participated in the compilation of the standard literature of "Research and Best Practices on Urban Brain Development"; Participate in the compilation of national standards such as Evaluation Requirements for the Capability of Smart Cities’ Intelligent Hub and Data Governance Requirements for Smart Cities’ Intelligent Hub, and participate in the compilation of group standards such as Urban Intelligent Hub Urban Event Management Part 1: General Requirements and Urban Intelligent Hub Urban Event Management Part 2: Event Engine Functional Requirements. The company-led "Digital Wisdom Quangang Project" was selected as the "Excellent Case of Urban Brain in 2023" of the smart city of the National Information Committee. At the same time, the company strengthened strategic cooperation with Huawei and other companies, and put on the shelves the "one-network unified management grid governance platform" for joint transport goods of Huawei Yunyun Store, providing value for the digital transformation of government customers.

In April, 2024, the company released the solution of "One Network Unified Management" 3.0, which centered on "efficiently handling one thing", took the two-wheel drive of "institutional mechanism+platform construction" as the core, and aimed at promoting the modernization of urban governance system and governance capacity, and built the overall solution of "1+1+5+N". One Network Unified Management 3.0 is committed to becoming an important starting point for the Party Committee and government to focus on urban governance, and to promote the innovation of urban governance model, the reshaping of governance methods and the reconstruction of governance system, so as to make the city run more orderly, manage more efficiently and serve more accurately.

At present, the company’s unified management of one network has been implemented in dozens of cities across the country, such as Shenzhen, Guiyang, Beijing, Quanzhou and Zhumadian, and achieved good operation results. In the future, the company will continue to export the power of digital intelligence, relying on independent and controllable cutting-edge technology to empower the "one network unified management" model innovation.

(2) Urban operation management service platform

The urban operation management service platform is an important starting point for the Party committee and government to promote the creation of a national civilized city, a national sanitary city, a national garden city and a national security development demonstration city. According to the "One Notice, Two Guides and Four Standards" of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the company builds a "7+3+3" product system, vertically connects the national platform, the provincial platform and the county (city, district) platform, horizontally integrates and connects the information systems of relevant urban management departments, and has the functions of overall coordination, command and dispatch, monitoring and early warning, supervision and assessment and comprehensive evaluation. The company has landed urban management platform projects in dozens of cities in Fujian, Hubei and other countries, among which Quanzhou Urban Operation Management Service Platform in Fujian Province, as the first prefecture-level platform in Fujian Province, won the honorary certificate of "2024 Digital China Innovation Competition Digital City Circuit Digital City Hundred Scenes".

During the reporting period, the company deeply participated in the compilation of many national standards such as Evaluation and Acceptance of Urban Operation Management Service Platform, which effectively enhanced its influence in the urban transportation management service industry. The company has six core competencies, such as standard advantage, product advantage, technology advantage, operation advantage and business advantage, in terms of urban transportation service platform. Familiar with the operation mechanism of urban transportation management service platforms all over the country, able to provide mechanism supporting services according to the actual needs of urban business; It has the comprehensive operation support ability of urban transportation management service platform, and the platform is open and decoupled, which can be integrated and integrated to realize rapid and flexible deployment; Covering a complete product system including urban operation, urban management and urban services, meeting customers’ arbitrary needs and providing integrated products and services; There are many cases of urban transportation management service, which can ensure the pragmatic landing, rapid delivery and good operation of the project; Participated in the national standard "Evaluation and Acceptance of Urban Operation Management Service Platform", and the urban transportation management service platform built by the company meets the acceptance requirements; It is the first in the industry to develop a large model of urban governance industry, which can quickly empower the urban transportation management service platform to build multi-domain scene applications and comprehensively improve the efficiency of urban governance.

(3)AI community

Community is the "last mile" of urban governance. The national "14th Five-Year Plan for the Construction of Urban and Rural Community Service System" and "Opinions on Further Promoting the Construction of Smart Communities" all propose to improve the intelligent level of community governance and services. Nanwei "AI Community" takes the modernization of community governance as the goal, the streets and towns as the main customers, AI as the main means, and the closed-loop governance of community events as the core, and builds a "1+4+N" application system, including 1 platform: "AI community scene running platform" +4 applications: "AI intelligent identification management system, AI community event self-closed-loop system, AI community decision analysis map, AI community mobile. Based on the front-end video equipment and relying on the AI intelligent computing box, we can find the abnormal events in the community in time and deal with them efficiently, so as to realize community governance, co-construction and sharing. At present, AI community has been applied in Beijing, Guiyang, Quanzhou and other places, including Beijing Heyi Street Community Governance Project, Guiyang Century City Street Community Governance Project, Quanzhou Beifeng Street Community Governance Project and many other cases.

(4) "Deep Sea" industry model

The "deep sea" industry model is an industry expert in the field of urban governance, focusing on industry data, user value and scene landing in the field of urban governance, and is committed to solving the pain points of urban governance industry scenes such as unified management of one network, urban transportation management service, 12345, grassroots governance, and public opinion, and creating a new paradigm of urban governance with large models.

As the first manufacturer in the industry to develop a large model of urban governance industry, the company has more than 30 large model scene applications including intelligent events, intelligent analysis, intelligent reports, intelligent cockpit, etc., empowering with large models to make urban governance smarter, more efficient and more accurate. The company has been deeply involved in the digital government industry for more than 20 years, collecting and processing more than 100PB of urban governance data every year, with high-quality industry data aggregation and rich industry knowledge base accumulation, and depositing rich knowledge of urban governance industry. Based on the support of massive industry data, the application scenarios of large models can be pragmatically implemented. The company has a full life-cycle one-stop large-scale model application platform to support model training, which fully empowers the innovation of urban governance scenarios. At present, it has sorted out more than 3,000 data in 7 major fields.

In March 2024, the company was invited to "Huawei China Partner Conference 2024" to jointly release the first batch of application scenarios of the "deep sea" industry model, jointly build a comprehensive and efficient end-to-end solution, jointly build an urban agent and accelerate the intelligent development of the city. In May, 2024, at the 7th Digital China Construction Achievements Exhibition, the company released the latest achievement of Nanwei’s "Deep Sea" Industry Model Empowering One Network to Manage and Promote the Modernization of Urban Governance around artificial intelligence and data elements, which fully demonstrated Nanwei’s profound technical strength and outstanding contribution in the field of digital China construction.

At present, Nanwei’s "deep sea" industry model has been applied in Fujian, Guangdong, Guizhou, Sichuan, Henan and other places, and achieved good application results. The "Deep-sea" urban governance industry model is committed to innovating new urban governance models based on the big model for all localities, making the city run more orderly, manage more efficiently and serve more accurately!

(5) City Pass (unified service entrance of the city)

CityCom is a mobile service platform that provides comprehensive urban services. By using new technologies such as cloud computing, big data, artificial intelligence and blockchain, it integrates government services, public security, transportation, medical care, education, community and people’s livelihood, and realizes business services, government services, data services, license services, payment services and convenience services with one BIG APP, so that citizens can enjoy government services and urban functional services like "online shopping". Up to now, CityCom has been established in iXiamen, Deyang Citizen Connect, Palm Nanping, Nanyang Comprehensive Service Portal, Tairong E, Qingdao Yimatong City, Hanghaoban, Gansu Jinchang "Nickel Capital Jinchang", Quanzhou Fengze District "I Fengze District" project, Zhangzhou Development Zone Administrative Service Center CityCom Project, Smart Shishi Big Data Control Platform (Smart Shishi APP), Zhengzhou Airport Experimental Zone Government Service APP, and Qingdao West Coast.

During the reporting period, the company won the award of "HarmonyOS Development Service Provider" for its leading development capability and industry technology in the field of urban governance, and became an ecological partner of HarmonyOS. In addition, the company has continuously invested resources in R&D personnel training, and ten people have successfully passed the examination of senior development certified engineers to better meet the needs of the market and users. At the same time, the company won the title of "HarmonyOS Pioneer" at the Huawei Developers Conference 2024(HDC2024). During the reporting period, the "Palm Nanping" APP created by the company took the lead in completing the full version development of HarmonyOS native applications in the industry and became one of the first batch of HarmonyOS native applications developed by the government and people’s livelihood industry. In addition, the company participated in the compilation of the Guide to Public Information Terminal Services in Smart Cities, and formulated the basic principles, classification and functions of public information services in smart city scenarios, which are suitable for guiding the planning, design, construction and operation and maintenance of public information terminal services in smart city scenarios.

(6) Operation platform of urban parking data elements

Relying on the "100-billion-city strategy", the company operates parking businesses in more than a dozen cities, such as Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Ji ‘an, Deyang, Neijiang, Quangang and Taicang, and has precipitated massive parking data resources such as people, cars, yards and platforms, and built an urban parking data element operation platform with data element operating system+parking data operation support system as the core. Through the unified transaction portal of parking data elements, data products and services such as data sets, API, model algorithms and data reports are provided, so as to realize the closed-loop operation of parking data from supply, circulation to use, ensure that data resource providers can be assured of "supply", make data element managers know how to "govern" and empower data value to "realize".

The company is a participant in the national standard of Smart Parking in Smart City Part 1: General Requirements, Smart Parking in Smart City Part 2: Data Requirements and Smart Parking in Smart City Part 3: Platform Technical Requirements. During the reporting period, at the Digital China Summit held in May, 2024, the company won the national prize of "2024 Digital China Innovation Competition Data Elements× Track" for its innovative application of urban parking data elements operating platform. The real-time parking vacancy data products and parking statistical analysis data products built by Quanzhou Quangang Smart Parking Co., Ltd., which were invested, constructed and operated by the company, were officially listed on the Guangzhou Data Exchange in early 2024, and obtained the data asset registration certificate of Guangdong Province.

(7) Social operation services

During the reporting period, the company focused on the core scenarios such as "one network unified management operation, urban service entrance operation, community operation and parking data element operation", established an integrated development of social service operation ecology, formed a "platform+ecology" operation model, and empowered the modernization of grassroots social governance. Connect the city, the public, the industry and the economy through digital operation, empower the city, reduce the operating cost of the city, improve the operating efficiency of the city, and realize the landing of smart cities.

Aiming at the operation of "unified management by one network", the company combed and analyzed the development background and trend of "unified management by one network" around its objectives and task requirements. On this basis, the overall framework of "unified management by one network" was put forward, and the corresponding planning, specific operation content, typical scenario operation and operation tool platform were put forward.

In view of the operation of urban service entrance, the company has built a highly shared and integrated service platform through the integration of government services and services for the convenience and benefit of enterprises, realized the "handheld, immediate and online" government services, promoted the modernization of urban governance system and service system, broke through barriers between industries and departments, established a unified and open urban service window and service platform, and built a new general platform for smart cities, making it as simple as "online shopping" for citizens to find government services.

For the operation of smart communities, the company relies on the AI community and grassroots governance platform to solve community public problems, create a "happy home" community for consultation and co-governance, promote the benign interaction between government governance, social regulation and residents’ autonomy, and create a good atmosphere for social services.

For the operation of parking data elements, the company creates urban parking management data element products, industrial service data element products and commercial marketing data element products based on massive parking data, and creates rich data application scenarios to empower parking services for government units, parking operation companies, industry-related enterprises, car owners and users. Facing government units, optimizing urban static traffic; Optimize the parking management structure for parking operation companies; Facing industry-related enterprises, extending industrial chain and expanding value-added services.

During the reporting period, the company, as the deputy head unit of the Smart City Operation Special Group of the National Signaling Committee, officially published the standard document of "One Network Unified Management" Operation Research Report of Smart City, and the national standard revision project of the Information Technology Operation Guide of Smart City passed the examination, and the general functional requirements of the Smart City Operation Management Platform was formally established. Relying on many years of experience in social operation services, the company will make technology development more closely integrated with operation scenarios, create more industry benchmark cases, and help the high-quality development of smart cities and digital governments in China through standardized means.

(8) Wisdom and environmental protection

The environmental protection and water conservancy industry focuses on the aggregation, integration and application of the sensing data of water-related objects, builds the core competitiveness of artificial intelligence and data elements around "environmental objects" and "water conservancy objects", and builds a big pattern of protection and governance from the top of the mountain to the ocean.

The company has full-stack independent intellectual property rights such as hardware equipment, intelligent terminals, platform software and application systems. A number of products, such as water conservancy one-bar communication, telemetry terminal, and smart reservoir management system, were shortlisted in the Catalogue of Key Procurement of Bidding Products of National Water Conservancy System, and the smart reservoir management system was selected in the Catalogue of Guiding the Promotion of Advanced and Practical Technologies of Water Conservancy in 2024.

During the reporting period, the company deeply implemented the strategy of product transformation. 80% of the income of the environmental protection and water conservancy industry came from the management of small and medium-sized reservoirs, and 20% came from environmental protection and innovation businesses such as GtoB. Among them, the cases of small and medium-sized reservoirs are all over Fujian, Hunan, Chongqing, Ningxia and other provinces and cities, and the environmental innovation business such as GtoB is extended to Inner Mongolia, Guangdong and other provinces. It has landed projects such as the monitoring of rainwater conditions and dam safety of small reservoirs in Jianghua Yao Autonomous County, Yongzhou City, Hunan Province, the matrix construction of reservoirs in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, the software platform for monitoring water conditions and water safety, and the environmental protection innovation services such as the algorithm service of marine garbage supervision platform of Fangchenggang Branch of China Tower Co., Ltd. in 2024, and the AI intelligent identification service of state-controlled point fog gun video.

4. Smart industry

(1)AIoT Zhilian Network Industry

The company uses AI vision, big model and other technologies to deeply integrate with the Internet of Things technology to create an AIoT integrated solution, which integrates and innovates advantageous businesses such as urban governance, discerning engineering, smart emergency, and smart parks. The access layer can flexibly connect video acquisition equipment such as cameras, sensors and drones in various business scenarios, and the capability layer has created a series of professional scene algorithm models and various middleware. The platform layer supports business display, analysis and closed-loop disposal according to business needs.

During the reporting period, the company has built projects such as Hui ‘an Smart City, Quanzhou City Safety, Nanping Smart Emergency, Beijing Heyi AI Community, etc., which provided innovative means of technology and application for the owners and improved the management and operation and maintenance effectiveness of the projects.

(2) Safety production industry

Aiming at the factory safety production scene, the company deeply integrates the edge intelligent calculation box of safety production with the Internet of Things gateway, and builds a safety production intelligent supervision platform that combines AI visual safety monitoring with the Internet of Things perception system and integrates the cloud side. Based on the safety production convergence gateway, the artificial intelligence edge computing and the Internet of Things are combined to build a global perception base, focusing on the business scenarios of industrial parks represented by smart factories, precipitating data elements, mining data values, and providing data element support for superior regulatory units. In the future, a large industry model will be gradually built around vertical industrial data of industrial production.

During the reporting period, the company cooperated deeply with Hunan Valin Factory in the field of production safety. At present, 300,000 production safety alarm events have been discovered and pushed, which successfully prevented and reduced mechanical injuries by 95% and fire hazards by 99%, and improved production stability efficiency by more than 90%.

(3) Information security industry

In terms of video security, based on domestic chips, the company built a video security monitoring solution of GB35114 around the requirements of GB/T25724-2017, GB35114-2017 and other national standards. Under the video security architecture with the state secret system as the core, the company helped users to solve the problems of collection, transmission, storage, application and implementation and deployment of views through a complete video security monitoring solution of GB35114.

报告期内，公司自研了多款不同型号的视频安全加固网关，作为安全前置网关设备可对传统网络摄像机进行改造升级，H.265/H.264的前端摄像机可通过GB/T.28181、ONVIF、RTSP协议接入网关，能实现将H.265/H.264视频码流转换到SVAC2.0视频码流，并满足GB35114C级要求，保障视频数据安全性、完整性和真实性，防窃取、防篡改。

（4）执法智能装备产业

2023年8月国务院办公厅发布《提升行政执法质量三年行动计划（2023—2025年）》，其中明确指出“健全行政执法和行政执法监督科技保障体系”的工作要求，科技武装行政执法提升到了国家战略高度。公司基于一体化行政执法平台的先发优势，纵向延伸至执法智能装备业务，与业内头部原厂厂商合作，进行设备的协议对接与适配，目前已成功引入执法便携打印机、执法终端、执法记录仪、采集站等13款产品，并已成功上架福建省政府采购网上超市，填补公司在执法智能装备产品上的空白，未来可与执法大融合平台，形成软硬件一体化解决方案，全面满足执法部门的工作开展与效率提升。

(3) Business model

The company is a leading enterprise in artificial intelligence and data services, and is committed to promoting the innovation and development of global digital government, public safety, social governance and smart industry. In terms of business, the company mainly adopts direct sales+channel cooperation+ecological cooperation to carry out external sales. In direct sales, the company directly participates in project bidding, sells products and services to customers, and provides customers with product secondary development services and related software and hardware integration services; In channel cooperation, products are sold to integrators and agents, and products are applied to customer projects in an integrated way to serve customers; The company’s products continue to provide services to customers in the mode of SaaS service operation, and collect service fees in two ways: annual and monthly. Through the ToG platform and government policies, the company focuses on the needs of the government and enterprises, and takes the business model of SaaS digital services, data services, content services, AI services and other B/G-oriented subscriptions as the path to promote enterprises’ sustainable purchase of services and realize rapid growth of new businesses. At the same time, the company attaches importance to cooperation with eco-partners, and achieves common development through complementary resources, technical cooperation and joint market development. The company has carried out in-depth cooperation with head enterprises such as Huawei and Ali, which has enhanced the company’s market development ability, and the proportion of orders from eco-partners has increased year by year.

Second, the discussion and analysis of the business situation

The company is a leading enterprise in artificial intelligence and data services, and is committed to promoting the innovation and development of global digital government, public safety, social governance and smart industry. During the reporting period, the company achieved 812 million yuan in newly signed contracts and 671 million yuan in newly won projects. In recent years, the budget of the company’s major customers has been tightened, and the project approval cycle has been extended. At the same time, the delivery and acceptance of some major projects have been postponed due to factors such as customer reasons or policy adjustments. In addition, during the reporting period, the company increased R&D investment in the field of artificial intelligence, and the R&D expenses continued to increase, resulting in a significant decline in profits in the first half of 2024 compared with the same period last year. During the reporting period, the company paid close attention to the relevant policies issued by the State Council and relevant national ministries and commissions on clearing the accounts owed to private enterprises, and intensified the collection of payments. In the first half of the year, the total amount of project payments reached 751 million yuan, an increase of 66.62% over the same period of last year, and the company’s operating cash flow was significantly optimized compared with the same period of last year.

During the reporting period, key tasks completed

(1) Continue to focus on the main products, fully embrace artificial intelligence technology, and seize the development opportunities of the industry.

During the reporting period, the company closely followed the national strategy, continued to consolidate the digital government business, focused on the development of digital government, public safety, social governance and other main businesses through continuous tempering of core competencies, innovated technical product scene operation services, developed smart industries, served the digital transformation of the government, and helped modernize the national governance system and governance capacity. The company embraced artificial intelligence technology in an all-round way, pioneered the application of big model in digital government, and promoted the government’s digital intelligence to leap forward. It jointly released the "Bai Ze" government model with Tsinghua University, and built a standard system for related big models, which promoted the application of a number of government big models such as government services, political and legal services, enterprise services and law enforcement services. Committed to building the "data +AI" government’s digital intelligence support capacity, integrating the artificial intelligence model, data elements, innovation and other system architectures, and constantly promoting business innovations represented by "one network running", "one network unified management" and "one network collaboration", empowering the modernization of government governance and helping to develop the full-cycle management and operation system of digital government. Provide professional digital products and solutions for government units, enterprises and institutions. The product application and project construction cases cover most provinces in China, helping many governments in Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Henan, Fujian and other places to successfully explore and promote new service management models such as "one network to run", "one network to manage", "one network to cooperate", "one code to connect the city" and "one screen to view", and promote the effective improvement of integrated government service capabilities.

In the field of digital government, taking the self-developed model of government service "Bai Ze Asking for Government Affairs" as the core, comprehensively combing the core elements of government affairs and realizing digitalization, and constructing a unified and standardized knowledge map of government services. Relying on the government blockchain platform and the big data platform in the sky, focusing on the research and development of product lines such as government service integration platform, code-based platform, urban service platform, AI enterprise service platform, license cloud platform, six-electricity integration platform, integrated collaborative office platform and conference cloud platform, following the reform requirements of "one industry, one license" and "one thing at a time", and driven by business scenarios, we have created a number of scene-level products of government service.

In the field of public safety, relying on independent research and development capabilities, products such as social security prevention and control platform, intelligent perception (video) big data platform, digital intelligence police station, integrated platform for coastal defense, all-in-one traffic violation analysis machine, and smart ocean platform have been formed. According to the guidelines for the construction of social security prevention and control system of the Ministry of Public Security and the evaluation requirements for the establishment of national demonstration cities, the "1+9+N" security prevention and control system solution is built around circle inspection and control, unit prevention and control, and factor control. That is, a situational awareness platform, nine actual combat business modules and n scenario applications will create a public security prevention and control system that is connected from top to bottom and horizontally, and strive to solve the problem of fragmentation and islanding of system construction, and comprehensively improve the ability to control complex public security situations and social security governance. The company has successively undertaken the construction of social security prevention and control systems in Quanzhou, Jinan, Fuzhou and other places, and the cities where the projects are located have won the first batch of national demonstration cities for the construction of social security prevention and control systems. The company will closely follow the public security big data strategy, fully refine and summarize the experience and achievements in the construction of public security prevention and control systems in Quanzhou, Jinan and Fuzhou, continuously optimize and upgrade products and services, and work with public security organs to create a "benchmark sample" for three-dimensional and diversified public security prevention and control, thus boosting the construction of a higher-level public security prevention and control system.

In the field of social governance, it has urban brain operation platform, transportation management service platform, comprehensive supervision platform, integrated digital law enforcement platform, multi-network integration social governance platform, etc., focusing on the iteration of core products in one network, innovating to build a scene operation center, focusing on "efficiently handling one thing", taking "one center, one mechanism and one platform" as the core, aiming at promoting the modernization of urban governance system and governance capacity, and focusing on urban management, social governance and public affairs that the party Committee and government are concerned about. Focus on core scenarios such as "community operation, park operation, urban resource operation and data element operation", establish an integrated development of social service operation ecology, form a "platform+ecology" operation model, and empower the modernization of grassroots social governance.

During the reporting period, the company’s "deep-sea" industry model is committed to serving all localities to innovate a new model of urban governance based on the big model, and will combine the valuable industry experience accumulated over the years to continuously enhance the cutting-edge technical capabilities, go deep into the periphery of cities, promote the "intelligent" and digital construction of cities, and improve quality and efficiency for the construction of new smart cities. The "deep sea" industry model has been applied in Fujian, Guizhou, Henan, Guangdong and other provinces and cities, and achieved good application results.

During the reporting period, the company first released AI community products for all street offices. Taking "promoting the modernization of community governance" as the goal, through the main means of AI, focusing on quickly building community scenes and realizing closed-loop governance, we will create AI community products with Nanwei characteristics and build an application system of "1+4+N", namely "1 Center: AI community scene capability center"+"4 applications: AI intelligent identification management system, AI community event self-closed-loop system, AI community decision analysis map, and so on. Based on the front-end video equipment, relying on Nanwei Honghu AI intelligent computing box, we can quickly build community event business scenarios through AI community products, find abnormal events in the community in time, and deal with them efficiently, so as to realize community governance, co-construction and sharing. The company’s "AI Community" has been applied in communities all over the country, such as Heyi Street Community in Beijing, Century City Street Community in Guizhou and Beifeng Street Community in Quanzhou, and achieved good operation results.

The company is committed to the construction, operation and promotion of smart parking, aiming at city and county urban management bureaus, urban construction investment companies, traffic police and other departments, and creating a smart parking platform integrating "parking record supervision, resource aggregation control, big data fusion analysis, city-wide on-off service, and parking decision-making and scheduling" to comprehensively improve the comprehensive parking management ability of the city. At the beginning of 2024, the innovative Quangang parking statistical analysis data element products and parking real-time vacancy data element products were officially listed on the Guangzhou Data Exchange, marking the company’s new step in exploring the compliance registration and trading of data products and releasing the value of traffic industry data.

(2) Breakthrough key core technologies, accelerate the transformation of innovation achievements, and help accelerate the development of the industry.

During the reporting period, the company focused on the construction of digital government, public safety and social operation, constantly improved and laid out core technologies and products, continuously increased investment in R&D, continuously enhanced its R&D strength and achieved fruitful innovation. In the first half of 2024, the company’s R&D investment was 75.2 million yuan, accounting for 33.2% of the operating income.

Guided by the development trend of the industry and the actual needs of customers, the company focuses on major key technological breakthroughs such as artificial intelligence big model and data element operating system, integrates external high-end scientific research and technical resources, and develops a series of products such as data element big data platform, AI platform based on big model engine and industry application big model, and new digital government base, etc. During the reporting period, the base of domain knowledge big model was built, and the technical capabilities of company model data enhancement, prompt engineering, fine-tuning, automatic evaluation and AI hub construction were formed, and a series of products of Bai Ze AI big model were created and released. The research and development of privacy computing framework based on security classification will precipitate the technical capabilities of privacy computing such as security statistical analysis, privacy collection intersection and privacy information retrieval of Nanwei, create a series of operating system products for publishing data elements, and form a data resource, factor and product management module; Research and develop a data security governance system that is knowable, visible, controllable and traceable; Focusing on the application factory, capacity workshop and application integration, a basic closed loop of application management of the new base of digital government is formed, and at the same time, the basic capacity components are continuously upgraded, the core competitiveness of components is enhanced, and the base capacity of digital government is consolidated.

During the reporting period, the company rapidly promoted the research and development of large-scale models in the industry, and obtained the 4+ certificate of China ICT Institute for Trusted AI Large-scale Model Intelligent Dialogue, becoming the first enterprise in China to pass the evaluation and obtain the highest rating at present. At present, the artificial intelligence industry continues to usher in a more favorable industrial development environment. The company will continue to deepen the R&D and application of artificial intelligence and data element technology, accelerate the transformation of productization, service and operation, realize the comprehensive transformation of the company from integration to integration, from engineering+to product service+,and from delivery to subscription, increase the revenue proportion of self-developed software products, services and operations, improve the revenue structure and promote the company’s high-quality development.

During the reporting period, the trusted circulation of data elements, jointly compiled by the company and Tsinghua University, comprehensively and systematically introduced the trusted circulation technology, data circulation institutions, trusted data circulation modes and governance schemes to promote the trusted circulation of data based on the "TIME" analysis framework. Taking the company’s first data element operating system and parking data element operating system as cases, it introduced the practical experience of the trusted circulation mechanism of data, aiming at providing information for data element market participants, digital economy practitioners and data.

(III) Deepen the reform of digital operation, constantly improve the market-oriented operation mechanism, and stimulate the development vitality of the company.

Focusing on the national "14th Five-Year Plan" and the company’s "14th Five-Year Plan" strategic plan, the company has steadily and deeply promoted the reform of digital operation, constantly improved the market-oriented operation mechanism, comprehensively enhanced the development momentum, vitality and creativity, and promoted enterprises to become stronger, better and bigger; Improve the management level in an all-round way and strive to become the leading digital economy service provider in China.

During the reporting period, while focusing on business and products, the company further strengthened overall management of operations and deepened digital transformation and business process combing. Through the system of "big economic management and big operation", the end-to-end whole process from business opportunity to payment collection is connected, and the business operation efficiency and project synergy are improved. Establish a monthly battle map, take the comprehensive budget as the starting point, take the operation dashboard as the tool, implement the operation index release, process monitoring and early warning, result assessment and incentive application, and improve the company’s management ability and corresponding efficiency indicators.

During the reporting period, the company took the strategy as the guide, improved the organizational system, continuously optimized the organizational structure, focused on the adjustment of regional organizations, and took provincial-level first-line units as the main body of business responsibility to promote key provinces to "take root and focus on development". Consolidate the construction of regional capacity system, strengthen the market layout, constantly improve the mechanisms of "one product, one policy" and "one province, one policy", and clarify the development orientation and regional market planning; Strengthen the "iron triangle" ability of the project, open up the end-to-end business processes of sales, pre-sales and delivery, continuously improve the overall cooperative combat ability of the "iron triangle" team, continuously optimize the efficiency of business opportunity transformation, improve the efficiency of project management, shorten the project delivery cycle, speed up the acceptance of existing projects, and ensure the smooth delivery and payment of project plans.

The company strengthens brand marketing, integrates resources such as ecology, pre-sales and procurement, continuously strengthens ecological construction, cooperates with ecological partners such as Huawei, Alibaba Cloud, Huasan, Dahua, etc., and works with ecological partners to deepen the industry, speed up the response to front-line business and enhance service content, form a sense of mutual cooperation, empowerment and integration, realize multilateral win-win situation, and comprehensively enhance the company’s service value and market competitiveness.

(IV) Continue to promote the two-way integration of party building work and corporate culture construction, and resonate with the same frequency to boost the company’s high-quality development.

As the first Internet-listed company in China to write Party building into its articles of association, the company always adheres to the guidance of Party building, promotes "strong development" by "strengthening Party building", explores the establishment of a "four-dimensional integration" mechanism, and issues a "red engine strategy" to integrate Party building into the whole process of corporate governance of non-public enterprises and lead enterprises to achieve high-quality leap-forward development. The company makes use of the technological advantages and product advantages of Internet enterprises, and adopts various forms to enhance the appeal and effectiveness of party member education. At the same time, focus on the role, continuously enhance the political and organizational functions of the Party organizations of the Group, promote the Party building work of Internet enterprises to open up a new situation and reach a new level, strive to strive for Excellence in the country, and make new and greater contributions to the construction of a strong network and digital Fujian!

(V) Strengthen the construction of management team and continuously improve the management and control ability with improving the management and control ability as the core.

The company continues to unite the strength of core personnel through cadre management training, create a positive and enterprising working atmosphere, build a high-quality, professional cadre talent team, and enhance management and control capabilities. Continue to deepen the personnel training mechanism, optimize salary and assessment management, strengthen the systematic construction of human resources management and control in the company, optimize personnel institutions, establish and improve the company’s position level and salary adjustment system, strengthen target management, continuously improve the execution of employees, enhance the innovation and competitiveness of enterprises, and help the company’s long-term development strategy through a series of changes and organizational upgrading to achieve high-quality development of enterprises.

Major changes in the company’s operation during the reporting period, as well as matters that have a significant impact on the company’s operation during the reporting period and are expected to have a significant impact in the future.

(I) Progress of Tsinghua Nanwei Joint Research Center

Tsinghua Nanwei Joint Research Center focuses on the industry model, key technologies of data elements and application research, and completes the transformation and landing of technical achievements with the demand of the scene as the traction.

1. Research on Industry Large Model Technology and Its Application

Complete the base construction of domain knowledge big model, precipitate and form the technical capabilities of company model data enhancement, prompt engineering, fine-tuning, automatic evaluation, AI hub construction, etc., and create and release Bai Ze AI big model series products, which have landed in many provinces and cities across the country and achieved remarkable results. In the field of enterprise services, Shenzhen Baoan pro-Qing government-enterprise platform has been built, which has improved the intelligent level of government enterprise services; In the field of government services, we will create an integrated management of "one thing for a child to be born" and "one thing for an enterprise to start" in Fujian Province to help the public health service model move towards intelligence; In the field of judicial services, we have created an "intelligent reading system" and widely used it in business scenarios such as "intelligent marking, intelligent documents and intelligent supervision" to assist case handlers to find out the case from simple to deep and run out of the "acceleration" of judicial handling.

2. Research on key technologies and applications of data elements.

Publish and distribute the book "Trusted Circulation of Data Elements" to provide theoretical support for the company to promote the strategic layout of data element market construction; Complete the research and development of privacy computing framework based on security classification, and form the technical capabilities of privacy computing such as security statistical analysis, privacy collection and privacy information retrieval of Nanwei, and create a series of operating system products for publishing data elements. In terms of the application of results, the company promoted the listing of data products in the parking field on the data exchange for the first time, and built a smart parking ecosystem from parking governance to parking operation to parking data element application from top to bottom; Together with Xingtai Big Data Development Center, the case of "A New Model of Digital City Governance Based on" Data Sharing and Exchange Platform "was created, which became the only typical case in Hebei Province that was selected as the national" Data Elements × ".

(II) Progress of artificial intelligence and data service business.

In the government work report in 2024, China first proposed the "artificial intelligence+"action, which marked that the focus of China’s attention on artificial intelligence technology has shifted from the strategic level to the implementation and application. The National Bureau of Data jointly issued the "Three-year Action Plan for Data Elements ×" (2024-2026), which aims to promote economic and social development through the application of data elements, and selected 12 industries and fields such as urban governance, transportation and financial services to promote the multiplier effect of data elements and release the value of data elements. Under the command of "Artificial Intelligence Plus" and "Data Factor X" actions, the company relies on more than 20 years of experience in digital government solutions, and makes every effort to promote the development of "Artificial Intelligence Plus" and "Data Factor X" in industries such as government services, public safety, urban governance, politics and law enforcement supervision, and becomes an explorer, practitioner and empowerment of "Artificial Intelligence Plus" and "Data Factor X".

1. Strengthen the underlying technology base, focus on industry applications, and boost the development of digital economy in the industry.

In 2024, the Government Work Report put forward new requirements for "vigorously promoting the construction of modern industrial system and accelerating the development of new quality productivity". While deepening the innovation and development of digital economy, we should deepen the research and development of big data and artificial intelligence, and carry out the "artificial intelligence+"action to build a digital industrial cluster with international competitiveness. Driven by the digital wave, all industries are experiencing unprecedented changes. Digital transformation has become the only way for the development of the industry, and the key to realize this transformation lies in strengthening the underlying technology base and focusing on industry applications, and taking this as a boosting force to boost the development of the digital economy.

(1) Strengthen the underlying ability of the big model and promote the iteration and application of the big model of government affairs.

On January 16th, 2024, the company released the Bai Ze government affairs model jointly with Tsinghua University, combined with millions of industry dialogue data, relying on the natural language processing ability and the generation ability of the large model, and deeply integrated with the government affairs service scene, so as to realize the instant answering of government affairs service and policy consultation, realize the intelligent question-and-answer service, and combine with the agent application, realize the chat while doing, that is, ask and do, and promote the scene of efficiently doing one thing. At present, Bai Ze government affairs model has customer cases in Shenzhen, Fujian, Beijing and other regions. Bai Ze government affairs model has completed the adaptation of Xinchuang, is compatible with domestic GPU and operating system, and provides an all-in-one solution based on domestic GPU, providing customers with safe, reliable and rapidly deployed industry model services.

Since its release, Bai Ze Industry Model has won numerous awards and won wide recognition from the industry. On March 24th, 2024, "Analysis Report on the Competition Pattern of" Hundred Models Battle "in China in 2024" was released, and the Bai Ze government affairs model was selected as the vertical model map. On April 28th, 2024, China Institute of Information and Communication officially released three standards for agents at the seminar on "Artificial Intelligence+"high-quality development, and the company was selected as the participating unit of "Technical Requirements and Evaluation Methods for Agents Part 1: Platforms and Tools" and "Technical Requirements and Evaluation Methods for Agents Part 2: Technical Capability". On May 22nd, 2024, Bai Ze AI Grand Model won the third prize in the Digital China Innovation Competition and Artificial Intelligence Circuit Finals. On June 21st, 2024, Bai Ze Industry Model passed all the tests of "Intelligent Application Evaluation Method Based on Large Model Part 2: Intelligent Dialogue" organized by China Institute of Information and Communication, and obtained the certificate of 4+ level, becoming the first enterprise in China to pass the evaluation and obtain the highest rating at present.

② Focus on "artificial intelligence+industry" and incubate the application system of artificial intelligence based on industry knowledge.

Combined with its rich practical experience in the digital government industry and the deep-rooted achievements in the field of big data for more than 20 years, the company has built a comprehensive intelligent application system based on the Bai Ze Big Model, covering Bai Ze intelligent labeling platform, knowledge service platform, intelligent application incubation platform (Qiyuan), model deployment and reasoning platform, etc., and built the ability of combing industry data into the end-to-end closed loop of intelligent applications. Realize the collection, governance, labeling and management of industry knowledge such as government service, public safety, justice, urban governance, public security law, etc. Through workflow engine, intelligent dialogue technology and agent model, efficiently build agent applications, and provide artificial intelligence+business scenario solutions for government service, public safety, justice, urban governance and other industries.

"Bai Ze Intelligent Tagging Platform" is based on natural language processing, visual image processing and other technologies, combined with corpora and knowledge bases in the fields of government services, public safety, justice, urban governance, public security law, etc., and can intelligently pre-tag data through computer algorithms, which improves the efficiency of data tagging, and can tag and process professional data in different scenarios such as government services, public safety, justice, urban governance, etc., thus providing accurate corpus support for the training of industry models. At the same time, the annotation platform uses the https protocol to transmit the completed data safely, which has high security and ensures data security.

The "Knowledge Service Platform" aims at the application scenarios in the application research and development of government services, public safety, justice, urban governance and other industries, and combines the experience of the company in the fields of government services and government measures, and uses key technologies such as intelligent search, tag portrait and knowledge map to form a set of industry knowledge applications that run through intelligent search, tag portrait and knowledge map. Through the knowledge service platform, users can realize the unified search and management of data and improve the efficiency of knowledge query and utilization; The knowledge and experience of experts can be structured, solidified and passed on to others. This can not only avoid the knowledge gap caused by the departure of experts, but also help new employees to master industry knowledge and skills more quickly and obtain valuable data quickly, which can provide () for business change and innovation.

"Agent Incubation Platform (Qiyuan)" is a generative artificial intelligence model application service platform, which provides exclusive agent application and customized model application solutions for government services, public safety, justice, urban governance and other industries based on the Bai Ze industry model base, and has diversified agent application construction capabilities, including the capabilities from agent construction to AIWorkflow arrangement, RAG retrieval and model management. Agent Incubation Platform (Qiyuan) can quickly build a generative agent application driven by a large language model, allowing agent application developers to build agent applications with industry characteristics in combination with actual business scenarios, thus improving the generation efficiency of agent applications. At the same time, it provides preset agent applications for various basic scenes, such as intelligent question and answer, multi-round dialogue, writing assistant, etc. Users can customize and optimize preset agent applications according to actual needs, so that the applications can be more suitable for actual scenes.

The "Model Deployment and Reasoning Platform" adapts to cv, embedding, ASR, TTS and other models for the underlying hardware, turning the large model into an API-accessible service, reducing the deployment threshold and cost of large model products, and helping to quickly realize the upper AI application. The application of the platform improves the government’s ability in social governance and public safety management. Through real-time data analysis and intelligent prediction, the government can make policy formulation and resource allocation more scientifically, improve the modernization level of social governance, and enhance social stability and public satisfaction. In addition, the model deployment and reasoning platform can improve the public service efficiency of government departments. In the field of social welfare, automatic qualification examination and welfare distribution system can speed up service response, reduce labor costs and improve service quality.

③ Multi-scenarios enable digital transformation and lead a new chapter in government intelligent services.

In the field of enterprise services, Bai Ze Big Model is smart in policy, landing on the direct platform of pro-Qing government and enterprise services in Baoan, relying on natural language processing ability and AI engineering engine, deeply integrating cutting-edge technologies such as generative big model and big data, providing users with professional intelligent customer service through the knowledge management platform and based on Bai Ze Big Model, and accurately identifying users’ intentions through guided questions and answers. At the same time, combined with enterprise service demand and business data, it provides enterprises with one-stop service of inquiry, application, handling and inquiry, realizes second-level response and intelligent handling of government service problems, and helps to "do one thing efficiently". In addition, through intelligent analysis and deep learning of corporate portraits, we can identify and predict the demand for government services, make relevant reasoning and recommendations for policies and real needs of enterprises, and achieve services such as accurately identifying corporate needs, predicting and analyzing corporate demands, and recommending the most suitable corporate portraits for enterprises. Online services have been provided for commercial entities within the jurisdiction of Baoan District.

In the field of government services, Fujian Province will be empowered to "do one thing efficiently" and promote the development of government services such as "one thing for a newborn" and "one thing for an enterprise" in a more intelligent and convenient direction with large-scale model agent dialogue service. "One thing about the birth of a newborn" is an AI intelligent customer service designed for parents in Fujian Province based on the big model of Bai Ze industry. Through natural language understanding, task-based multi-round dialogue, user intention recognition and other technologies, combined with the knowledge corpus of handling matters, a series of matters such as birth medical certificate, newborn settlement and social security card handling that need to be handled after the birth of a newborn can be consulted, which improves the convenience and simplicity of people’s work and helps the newborn birth service in Fujian Province to be more intelligent and convenient. "One thing for an enterprise to start a business" is a one-stop policy consultation intelligent service that provides assistance and decision support for starting a business in Fujian Province. It can provide consulting and guidance related to enterprise start-up, help enterprises to quickly understand relevant policies and procedures, and efficiently answer various questions about the policy basis, handling procedures, basic information, handling types, handling guidelines, and joint matters of starting a business, so as to help enterprise users quickly grasp the key information needed for enterprise start-up and improve the efficiency of government and enterprises.

2. Upgrade the iterative data element platform, drive the digital economy, and build the data full link ecology.

On April 1, 2024, the National Data Work Conference was held in Beijing. The meeting clearly pointed out that the National Data Bureau supports all localities and departments to speed up the development and opening up of public data, and promotes the integration process of sharing, opening up and authorized use of public data, which will further clarify the compliance policies and management requirements for authorized operation of public data and stimulate data supply power and market innovation vitality. Following the cutting-edge policies and technologies, the company actively carried out the research and layout of key technologies of data elements, based on Tsinghua Nanwei Joint Research Center, pushed forward difficult problems such as data security, privacy calculation and trusted circulation of data elements, comprehensively upgraded the digital base of digital government, innovated an intelligent production and processing assembly line with full circulation, large calculation, large application and great security of government data elements, and built a whole-process data production and trading platform.

① Full-stack data element operating system: integrating innovative technologies to create a full-process data production and trading platform.

Based on big data, blockchain, privacy computing, artificial intelligence and other technologies, the data element operating system opens the whole process production link of data element registration, production, processing and circulation. The platform framework is composed of the underlying support platform, big data platform, data element platform and data trading platform, and provides functions such as data element registration, data element governance, data property right management, data product processing and data product management for different data element production and application scenarios. Form a full-stack underlying capability support from core technologies such as data standard formulation, data factor production, data valuation and pricing, data product delivery, data security circulation, and market transaction supervision. At present, the data service products independently developed by the company, such as data element operating system, privacy and security computing platform, digital transformation base, "provincial, municipal, district/county data direct access", have landed in many fields, such as government services, public security, supervision, smart cities, etc., and the number of products has exceeded 100, mainly covering Beijing, Shenzhen, Guangdong, Fujian, Henan, Hebei and other provinces and cities, creating data element +AI solutions for digital government construction. Focusing on the convergence of digital resources and AI application, it provides a multi-dimensional service model of consulting+product+delivery+operation, and is committed to improving the scientific, refined, collaborative and efficient data service +AI level of administrative regions at all levels.

② "data sharing and exchange platform" leads a new model of digital city governance: Xingtai case won the model of "data elements ×"

At the 2024 "Data Factor X" Industry Promotion Conference, the case of "New Model of Digital City Governance Based on" Data Sharing and Exchange Platform "jointly created by the company and Xingtai Big Data Development Center became the only typical case in Hebei Province to be selected as the" Data Factor X "by gathering data factor resources, effectively exploring the landing of data resources and building a data circulation trading system. Xingtai data sharing and exchange platform has not only realized the mutual sharing and intercommunication of government information, but also explored many application scenarios such as "data elements× urban governance", "data elements× transportation", "data elements× financial services" and "data elements× smart city". Up to now, 32 data application scenarios have been promoted, including "uncertified" urban construction, joint examination of application qualification for affordable housing, and one-time transfer of water, electricity and heating.

(III) Progress of the Company’s overseas business

In 2024, the company actively expanded overseas business, relying on Huawei and other head enterprise partners to carry out standardized software products to the sea, closely following the national "Belt and Road" strategy, laying out markets in North Africa, Central Asia, the Middle East and Southern Africa, and selling the company’s main products related to digital government, so as to achieve coordinated development and win-win cooperation with partners. On May 22, 2024, the company signed a project contract with Huawei Cloud Computing Technology Co., Ltd., with a total contract amount of 53,687,600 yuan (including tax), accounting for 3.20% of the company’s audited operating income in 2023. The contents of the project mainly include: building a unified platform for Algerian national public services and applications such as mobile APP, electronic license and operation monitoring. By providing a common examination and approval system and business system docking, citizens can gradually declare and handle matters on the unified portal, and can track the progress of handling online and get feedback on completion, so that citizens can obtain transparent and convenient public services. Together with Huawei Cloud, the company will continue to export "China Experience" to overseas markets, promote international versions of core products such as "One Network Management", "One Network Management", "City Communication", data governance and public safety, and give full play to the company’s rich domestic digital transformation and upgrading experience.

Third, risk factors

1. Risk of intensified market competition

The global digital economy is developing continuously and rapidly. The large-scale application of artificial intelligence technology has promoted the growth of the number of global AI enterprises. China’s digital economy market is currently in a period of rapid development. Focusing on data elements, the strategic layout has been strengthened, and a number of laws, policies, plans, etc. have been promulgated. Policies have given birth to new development momentum in the market, and traditional enterprises have continued to deepen their cultivation. At the same time, the rapid growth of the market has also brought more participants to join, market competition has further intensified, and industry involution has intensified. The company has built the core competitiveness of the industry in the digital government business sector. At present, the innovation track is still in the market cultivation period, and it will take some time to build the barrier advantage.

2. Higher risk of accounts receivable

With the growth of the company’s sales scale, the increase of projects under construction and the influence of the objective market environment, the company’s total accounts receivable are also increasing. Although the company did not have a large amount of bad debts during the reporting period, the absolute amount of accounts receivable and its relative proportion in total assets are still high, and it cannot be ruled out that the company’s interests will be damaged due to uncollectible accounts receivable in the future. In view of the above risks, on the one hand, the company will pay more attention to the management of accounts receivable, organize personnel at all levels to refine the management of accounts receivable in a coordinated and efficient manner, classify accounts receivable, organize special classes for the collection of accounts receivable, and make use of favorable national policies to carry out the collection work strategically and pertinently to improve the turnover rate of accounts receivable of the company and ensure the long-term normal operation of operating cash flow; On the other hand, the company further strengthens communication with customers and controls financial risks by means of phased advance payment. At the same time, the company pays attention to establishing long-term cooperative relations with customers, constantly creating value for customers and improving customer satisfaction.

3. Risk that business innovation fails to meet expectations

In order to realize the company’s sustainable and high-quality development, establish core technical barriers and lead the industry trend, the company is increasing investment in product research and development and innovating new business models, transforming and upgrading from a traditional project-based company to a product-based and operational company. In this regard, the company has established a product research and development system with the market as the guide, and enhanced product functions and experiences with the user’s needs as the core. While continuing to undertake large-scale and strategic projects, it has continuously increased the application and promotion of self-developed products in projects, improved the integration and application of artificial intelligence and data elements in various products, and ensured that the company completed its strategic transformation smoothly and orderly.

Iv. analysis of core competitiveness during the reporting period

The company is a leading enterprise in artificial intelligence and data services. It is committed to promoting the innovation and development of global digital government, public safety, social governance and smart industries, and has profound industry knowledge, software and data engineering processes. The company is a widely trusted digital partner of the government, and has built a product and core technology matrix covering three core scenarios of digital government, namely, "one network for office", "one network for unified management" and "one network for collaboration", which has the advantages of mature products and rich application scenarios. The company always adheres to the development concept of "innovation-driven", attaches importance to the agglomeration of advanced innovation elements, takes capital as a bridge, owns nearly 100 wholly-owned, holding and shareholding companies, and extensively builds an industry cooperation ecology, continuously strengthens the underlying capabilities in forward-looking fields such as artificial intelligence, data services, intelligent things and smart chips, and helps the digital transformation of government, society and industry with productization, service and operation capabilities, and creates value for customers with practicality and efficiency.

(1) It has Top Ten qualifications and good industry reputation, and its influence benefits overseas markets.

The company has the top ten qualifications in the industry and is one of the most qualified and comprehensive enterprises in the industry. Including CCRC information security service qualification level (security integration level, security operation and maintenance level, software security development level), classified information system integration level, national building intelligent system design level, national electronic and intelligent engineering professional contracting level, national security engineering enterprise design and construction maintenance level, ITSS operation and maintenance service level, CPMM software project management level, software service provider delivery level, National information system construction and service capability assessment level 4 (the highest level in China), CMMI international capability maturity model for software level 5 (the highest level in the world), and obtained DCMM data management capability maturity level 3, weapons and equipment research and production unit confidentiality qualification, military standard quality management system and other qualifications. During the reporting period, it newly obtained a five-star certificate of performance evaluation system certification. The company is a key software enterprise encouraged by the state, a national high-tech enterprise, a vice-chairman unit of China Software Industry Association, a permanent vice-chairman unit of the National Digital Government Construction Alliance, a leader unit of the national standard formulation of Internet+government service electronic certificates, a vice-chairman unit of the National Electronic Document Management Promotion Alliance, a leader unit of the National Smart City Standardization Special Group, an executive director unit of DAC Global Data Assets Council, a president unit of Fujian Software Industry Association and an executive president unit of Fujian Big Data Industry Chamber of Commerce.

During the reporting period, the company won more than ten honors. Wu Zhixiong, the chairman of the company, was awarded the title of "40-year meritorious figure of China software industry" and was elected as the vice chairman of the eighth Council of China Software Industry Association; The company was awarded the 2023 Outstanding Contribution Unit and the 2023 Outstanding Special Group Award by the Smart City Standards Working Group of the National Information Standards Committee and the China Institute of Electronic Technology Standardization, and was awarded the titles of advanced unit of party building work of Internet enterprises in Fujian Province, well-known brand of security industry in Fujian Province, and leading enterprise of "innovation leading enabling application" in Fujian Province. Its subsidiary Shenzhen Taiji Digital Intelligence Technology Co., Ltd. was selected as one of Shenzhen’s "specialized and innovative small and medium-sized enterprises". During the reporting period, the company made many achievements in the research and development of technology and products in the fields of artificial intelligence and data elements, and was ranked in the list of the top 100 big data in China in 2023 released by the Global Data Assets Council. The company’s Bai Ze government affairs model was selected as a vertical model map in the Analysis Report on the Competition Pattern of "Hundred Models Wars" in China in 2024 released by Yiou think tank, and successfully passed the test in the first round of special evaluation of intelligent dialogue of trusted AI models organized by China ICT Institute, and obtained the highest rating of 4+. In addition, in the 2024 Digital China Innovation Competition held during the 7th Digital China Construction Summit, the company won many awards, among which the Bai Ze Grand Model won the third prize in the national artificial intelligence track, the "urban parking data element operation scheme" won the third prize in the national data element× track, and the company’s industrial data visualization analysis and application platform (Star Cloud Map) won the third prize in the Fuzhou City Competition of Xinchuang Track.During the reporting period, the company was invited to participate in the 7th Digital China Construction Summit, the 2024 Exhibition of Technology and Equipment for Intelligent Construction of Politics and Law, the Huawei Developers Conference, the Baidu AI Cloud Global Ecology Conference and other large-scale industry activities, and comprehensively displayed the company’s cutting-edge technologies and innovations in the fields of digital government, public safety, social governance, smart politics and law, digital ecology and so on, which won unanimous recognition and praise from social and industry experts.

With the top-level qualifications and excellent reputation accumulated in the domestic market for many years, the company has become an important partner of software services, attracting partners led by Huawei to jointly explore overseas markets. During the reporting period, several core products of the company were officially put on the shelves of KooGallery, Huawei’s overseas cloud store, and participated in the construction of Algeria National Data Center project together with Huawei, undertaking the construction of Algeria National Center for Digital Services. The Algeria project marks a key step for the company to enter the global market, benefiting from the industry reputation accumulated by the advantages of the company’s mature products and technologies, demonstrating the company’s comprehensive strength and laying a solid foundation for future international development.

(2) The digital intelligent base is strongly supported, and the core scene products accelerate the intelligent application.

The company is committed to using advanced digital technology to support the modernization of the national governance system, build a "data +AI" digital intelligence base, and integrate the artificial intelligence model, data elements, innovation and other system architectures to help the full-cycle management and operation of the digital government. During the reporting period, with the goal of providing end-to-end data valueization expertise, the company strengthened and upgraded the data element operation platform and basic big data platform, and built a video intelligent analysis platform based on the underlying data capability base, strengthened the integration of public data service platform and AI enterprise service platform, and built an intelligent engine for public data, government data and enterprise service data governance. In terms of artificial intelligence base, the company focuses on the construction of the foundation and practical application ability of the industry model, upgrades and iterates the "Bai Ze" and "Deep Sea" industry models, builds an AI intelligent application incubation platform, Bai Ze Qiyuan, and releases a series of industry agent applications in Bai Ze, including Bai Ze Government Affairs, Bai Ze Policy Smart Service, Bai Ze Wenmo, Bai Ze Zhiyan and Shirazawa Zhicha. The base capability of "Data +AI" provides strong support for the construction of intelligent applications for core scenario products such as "One Network Management", "One Network Unified Management" and "One Network Collaboration".

In the field of "One Network Office", the company, as a leading digital government service and operator in China, focuses on the construction and operation of digital government platforms, products, services and digital government brains, and has an integrated platform for government services, "Code Office" platform, urban service platform, "AI Enterprise Service" platform, license cloud platform and six power integration platforms, which provide strong support for the construction of digital government. During the reporting period, the company focused on upgrading the integrated platform of government services, introduced intelligent applications such as AI government affairs assistant and AI government affairs intelligent approval platform, promoted the normalization of the whole process of online approval and approval without meeting, and fully empowered the innovation of government services such as "doing one thing at a time", "doing it on the code" and "approving without meeting". In addition, the company launched a comprehensive solution for the AI government service hall, centering on the self-developed government service model "Bai Ze asks about politics", realizing the scenes of doing things without asking, fulfilling the contract without being in a hurry, and guiding users, and creating a "24-hour non-closing" self-service mode. The company closely follows the pace of government service reform in the intelligent era, and builds a closed-loop process of "business production data, data training AI, AI-driven business", which provides solid technical support for improving the governance capacity of grassroots governments and promoting the modernization of government services.

In the field of "unified management by one network", the company has formed an integrated product matrix of "cloud network edge" around five major fields, such as urban management, social governance, public safety, ecological environment protection and industrial economy, and has a platform for urban brain operation, transportation management service, comprehensive supervision, integrated digital law enforcement and multi-network integrated social governance. During the reporting period, based on the "deep sea" industry model, the company embedded "data element +AI" into the core scenario of "one network unified management", reshaped the governance process, and innovated the application scenarios such as intelligent reporting, invalid event identification, repeated event identification, intelligent allocation, automatic case closing, analysis report and decision-making command, so as to improve the efficiency of event handling and decision-making support ability. The company launched the "AI Community" product, with more than 100 AI algorithms built in to enhance community governance and abnormal event handling capabilities. During the reporting period, the national standard "Smart Parking in Smart Cities Part 2: Data Requirements" was released. Wu Zhixiong, the chairman of the company, and Xu Chunmei, the vice chairman and president of the company, participated in the formulation of the standard as the main drafters; The company continued to be the deputy head unit of smart city standard work of the National Information Standards Committee, and took the lead in the operation system planning chapter in the "Smart City" Operation Research Report (2024) issued by the National Information Standards Committee. In addition, the new model of digital city governance based on "data sharing and exchange platform" jointly created by the company and Xingtai Big Data Development Center became the only typical case in Hebei Province that was selected for the "Data Elements ×" industry promotion conference in 2024.

In the field of "one network collaboration", based on the digital business construction engine, the deep integration of the applications of party committees, government agencies and CPPCC agencies for civil servants has been realized through three ways: business flow, data flow and knowledge flow, and the government office services with unified mobile and PC terminals and multi-span linkage among departments, levels and regions have been realized. It has an integrated collaborative office platform, a digital intelligence conference cloud platform, a political and legal collaborative case handling platform, and a comprehensive management platform for macroeconomic operation, etc., realizing a platform, an entrance, two-way collaboration, regional penetration, standard service, and cloud-based office, changing "people looking for things" into "things looking for people" and realizing one-stop cooperation in government affairs. During the reporting period, the Fujian integrated collaborative office platform built by the company has nearly 500,000 registered users, and has been connected to more than 70 provincial-level and more than 800 municipal/district/county user units, thus realizing the vertical and horizontal interoperability and seamless collaboration of the provincial office.

Taking artificial intelligence and data elements as the main line, the company reconstructs core products and services, optimizes digital intelligence bases and solutions with the application of digital government core scenarios, and applies mature capabilities to public security, politics and law, ecological environment and other fields to form an efficient and intelligent upgrade path. In terms of public safety, the company focuses on the deep integration of video image intelligent analysis, big data fusion management and police practical application, and focuses on building three core products of coastal defense integration, digital intelligent police station and intelligent analysis machine for traffic violations, and three comprehensive solutions of public security prevention and control system, view big data and smart ocean. AI enhances the ability of accurate early warning, precise prevention and control, precise strike, fine governance and meticulous service. In the field of politics and law, the company takes the business collaboration and information sharing of political and legal units as the core, enhances the digitalization and intelligent analysis of case handling materials such as files, presents cases, strengthens case flow management and work collaboration, and saves a lot of judicial resources. In the field of ecological environment, the company has built a full-stack independent product system from sensing equipment to business application, covering the whole process of intelligent sensing, situation analysis, incident discovery, plan disposal, collaborative command and evaluation, which has been successfully applied to river basin management, water resources allocation, enterprise environmental protection, rural ecological environment, marine ecological environment and other scenarios. The "reservoir intelligent management system" built by Fujian Wanfu Information Technology Co., Ltd., a subsidiary of the company, was selected as the "2024 Key Promotion Guidance Catalogue for Advanced and Practical Technologies of Water Conservancy" by the Ministry of Water Resources, and its "Deyang City Atmospheric Management Information Supervision Platform" was selected as the "Top Ten Cases of Deyang Smart City Construction in 2023".

(C) the data element technology is instrumental and the artificial intelligence model is practical.

The company is committed to becoming a leading enterprise in artificial intelligence and data services with major, key and core technologies, adhering to the principle of practicality and high efficiency, adhering to the combination of independent research and development of underlying technologies and intelligent hardware equipment and ecological cooperation, and escorting the practicality and productivity value realization of artificial intelligence models with instrumental data element technology. The company has continuously accumulated technical wealth around the focus of technical attention, and has won 7 international awards, dozens of domestic awards and over 50 national and provincial and municipal scientific and technological progress awards. Since the beginning of this year, the company has obtained 77 software copyrights and 3 authorized patents, including 2 invention patents, 1 appearance patent and 24 accepted invention patents.

In terms of data elements, the company is committed to solving the problems of "dare not, won’t, and don’t want to" in the circulation of data elements and the unclear path of data value, and transforming many years of government data processing technology and experience into standardized tools and platforms, so that they can be directly deployed and applied to different scenarios and needs. During the reporting period, we continued to base ourselves on Tsinghua Nanwei Joint Research Center, giving full play to its role in theoretical innovation breakthrough, security and privacy calculation, and technical difficulties in trusted circulation of data elements, upgrading the data element operation platform focusing on data security and trusted circulation, and strengthening the core capabilities of basic big data platform such as data integration, governance, calculation, asset management, search, knowledge map and label portrait. Based on the general data ability, the intelligent perception ability is strengthened, and the value transition of video image data from "perception" to "cognition" is promoted by multidimensional fusion algorithm; Build an integrated public data and enterprise service data governance capability, and build an AI+ data intelligent governance engine to provide customers with the value penetration capability from data governance to business application to data operation. In the future, the company will further focus on the industry and business attributes of data, and strengthen the data-specific capabilities as independent tools, including data aggregation, filtering, labeling, confirmation, evaluation and trading. In addition, the company actively explores data operation, and the innovative parking real-time vacancy data element products and Quangang parking statistical analysis data element products have been officially listed on the Guangzhou Data Exchange, and successfully obtained the Guangdong data asset registration certificate, which will expand the application scope for government services and enterprise services, and create more listed transaction data products.

In terms of artificial intelligence, the company fully embraces the big model technology, continuously optimizes the model performance and parameters, and focuses on transforming the general generalization ability into practical and efficient business-specific intelligence. The company, in conjunction with the Bai Ze government affairs model released by Tsinghua University, has adapted domestic AI chips such as Muxi, Shengteng and Haiguang, which support the deployment on self-developed domestic all-in-one machines to enhance data security, and has customer cases in Shenzhen, Fujian, Beijing and other regions. In addition, the company actively participated in the formulation of industry standards, followed the cutting-edge technical direction and requirements, and selectively entered the field of upstream computing power and smart chips to enhance the ability of software and hardware collaborative optimization. During the reporting period, the company participated in the preparation of two agent standards, namely, Technical Requirements and Evaluation Methods for Agents Part 1: Platforms and Tools and Technical Requirements and Evaluation Methods for Agents Part 2: Technical Capability, which were led by China Institute of Information and Communication, and were approved for the construction of Beijing 2300P Computing Center. In terms of intelligent chips, on the basis of 28 urban management algorithms and 6 safe production algorithms, self-developed products such as Honghu urban management intelligent computer (which has completed mutual compatibility authentication with Huawei and obtained certificates) and Honghu safe production intelligent computer box are deployed, and a digital capability base of AIoT industry is built by combining various innovative sensors, Internet of Things and other intelligent devices.

(D) innovative combination of business models, building a multi-level growth point

Under the guidance of the transformation idea of "from integration to integration, from engineering+to product service+,from delivery to subscription", the company’s productization transformation has achieved rich results, and a diversified product matrix with core independent intellectual property rights has been built, which provides basic conditions for the company to build a diversified business model based on different project opportunities, diversify income sources and spread risks. Guided by the growth of scale and profit, the company emancipates its mind, innovates its business and business model, makes full use of the advantages of ecological partners, and flexibly configures the strategies of productization, service and operation.

In terms of productization, give full play to the advantages of the company’s extensive participation in the multi-scenario application construction of the national digital government, identify the common needs and business pain points of customers, and transform them into mature functional requirements. With the mature products in the fields of public safety, politics and law, environmental protection as the core, the project requirements are integrated into standard functional modules to support rapid delivery and reproducible applications. The industry experience and profound insight accumulated by the company for more than 20 years endow the core products with high compatibility, which can be seamlessly integrated into different government affairs systems to ensure the efficient operation of products in various government affairs scenarios and meet the diversified needs of governments at all levels. Mature products have been tested by the market and optimized repeatedly, reflecting the best practices of the industry, and can provide cost-effective choices for the deterministic and basic digital needs of local governments.

In terms of service, the company has been operating products and services in the SaaS service subscription mode for a long time. The company took the lead in implementing the product service subscription mode in the scenario of "cloud collaborative office" and "cloud conference" in the digital government, which verified the feasibility and market acceptance of the SaaS business model in the digital government field, accumulated the technical support, operation and maintenance capabilities different from the traditional software product sales model, and provided a foundation for the expansion of the service business model to other fields. During the reporting period, the "integrated administrative law enforcement platform" built by the company adopted the SaaS service mode, with users covering more than 4,000 administrative law enforcement agencies and about 100,000 administrative law enforcement personnel in Fujian Province, and the business volume reached millions. In the future, the company will further explore the functional scenarios of mature products suitable for service subscription, and reduce the threshold for customer adoption with lightweight SaaS products to meet diversified needs.

In terms of operation, the company fully recognizes the tools and platform attributes of the government information system. On the one hand, it aims at providing the ultimate business value, and participates more in post-construction maintenance, operation and value-added services, so as to improve the efficiency of government services and reduce the operating costs of the government. On the other hand, for the data resources, linked user groups and other resources accumulated by the platform, the operation and value mining will bring many economic and social benefits. Taking the data assets deposited on the platform as an example, the company operates Quanzhou Quangang parking data, provides real-time vacancy data query navigation and regional economic analysis for citizens, and forms data products to be officially listed on the Guangzhou Data Exchange to explore the market-oriented operation of public data assets. At the same time, the company will dig deep into the platform data and resources, and explore the Internet platform operation of cultural tourism resources, public health care and other resources.

In terms of eco-cooperation, the company attaches importance to the complementary advantages of industry eco-partners in technology and commerce, develops new business and shares commercial interests through the partner network, and always maintains close cooperation with the upstream and downstream partners of the industrial chain represented by academic and scientific research institutions headed by Tsinghua University, Huawei, Baidu, Alibaba and local big data group, etc., to upgrade existing products, explore new businesses and models, and promote the digital and intelligent upgrading of government services, public safety, social governance and smart industries. During the reporting period, the company further promoted the technical and ecological cooperation with Huawei. With its profound technical strength and development ability, it won the honorary titles of "HarmonyOS Development Service Provider" and "HarmonyOS Pioneer" in early 2024, and became an important ecological partner of HarmonyOS. The "Deep Sea" large model developed by the company won the "Best Solution Cooperation Award" from Huawei, and more than 10 solutions of the company passed Huawei technical certification. Adhering to the concept of openness, efficiency and innovation, the company deepened the degree and intensity of cooperation, jointly initiated the establishment of "Urban AI+ New Productivity Innovation Industry Alliance" with Huawei and other partners, and jointly released products such as "Large Model AI Intelligent Guidance Approval" and "Digital Intelligence County Joint Solution" with Huawei. During the reporting period, the company and Tsinghua University jointly published the book "Trusted Circulation of Data Elements" and were invited to participate in the first "GENERATE Global Ecology Conference" in Baidu AI Cloud, and won the title of "Strategic Partner of the Year".

　　　　　　 CCTV News:Early this morning, Beijing time, the US Department of Justice announced that Miller, the special prosecutor in charge of the investigation of "TongRumen", had formally filed a lawsuit against 13 Russian citizens and three Russian entities on the grounds that they were suspected of interfering in the 2016 US presidential election.

　　　　　　 In Miller’s indictment, it was written that in the 2016 US presidential election, these 13 Russian citizens and three Russian entities spread political advertisements on social media under the guise of some American citizens and American companies to support the then presidential candidate Trump and slander another candidate Hillary Clinton, which constituted an "information war" against the United States. It is reported that all the defendants involved will be charged with "conspiracy to defraud the United States", in addition, three of them are also charged with "wire transfer fraud" and "bank fraud", and the other five defendants are charged with "serious identity theft".

the U.S. Department of Justice

　　　　　　 Pelosi, leader of the Democratic Party of the US House of Representatives, said on the same day that the latest results of the "TongRumen" survey showed that Russia’s intervention in the 2016 US presidential election was "irrefutable evidence". US President Trump responded on social media that Russia’s intervention in American politics began in 2014, but he stressed that his campaign team has nothing to do with Russia.

　　　　　　 This is the first time that the Russian people have been charged since the launch of the "investigation on Russia". Rosenstand, Vice Minister of Justice, also stressed that no Americans have been found to have knowingly assisted the Russians in intervening in the 2016 US presidential election.

　　　　　　 Trump: No collusion with Russia

　　　　　　 Regarding this latest accusation of "TongRu" investigation, in the early morning of Beijing time, US President Trump also issued a statement through the White House, stressing that special prosecutor Miller’s investigation showed that there was "no collusion" between his campaign team and Russia, and the result of the 2016 US presidential election was not affected by any external forces.

US President Trump

　　　　　　 Trump said that it is time to stop those strange partisan disputes. Such irrelevant subjective accusations as his campaign team’s "communication with Russia" will only make "some bad guys" — — Russia, for example, profited from it.

　　　　　　 Russia refutes the findings of the US Department of Justice.

　　　　　　 After the US Department of Justice announced the latest investigation results of "TongRumen", the Russian side refuted it for the first time.

Russian Foreign Minister Lavrov

　　　　　　 Russian Foreign Minister Lavrov stressed that Russia "cannot and will not" interfere in the US election, and the findings of the US Department of Justice lack evidence. Russian Foreign Ministry spokesman Zacharova said in a statement that the US accusation is ridiculous.

　　Cctv newsOn the afternoon of March 1st, the State Council Press Office held a series of press conferences on the theme of "Opening by authoritative departments", introducing the situation of "accelerating new industrialization, strengthening and improving the real economy" and answering reporters’ questions.

　　Xin Guobin, Vice Minister of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, said that in 2022, the production and sales of new energy vehicles in China reached 7.058 million and 6.887 million, up by 96.7% and 93.4% respectively, ranking first in the world for eight consecutive years. Since 2012, when China promulgated and implemented the Development Plan of Energy Saving and New Energy Vehicle Industry, the average annual compound growth rate of new energy vehicle sales reached 87%, and the cumulative promotion of new energy vehicles reached 15.96 million, nearly 16 million. China has become an important guiding force for the electrification transformation of the global automobile industry.

　　This year, the new energy automobile industry will maintain a good development trend, and production and sales will achieve steady growth. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology will focus on promoting the work from five aspects.

　　First, we should strengthen overall planning. Further improve and perfect the coordinated promotion mechanism for the development of new energy automobile industry, and coordinate the overall work of electrification, networking and intelligent development. Focusing on technical research, popularization and application, infrastructure construction, etc., we will continue to cultivate independent brands with high innovation level, strong comprehensive ability and international competitiveness.

　　The second is to support innovation breakthroughs. We will focus on supporting leading enterprises to play a leading role and accelerate the technical research and industrial application of new systems such as batteries, automotive chips and automotive operating systems. Start the pilot of intelligent networked vehicle access and road traffic, accelerate the technical application of 5G vehicle-road coordination, and promote the coordinated development of electrification and intelligent networked.

　　The third is to further increase the promotion and application. We will carry out pilot projects for the comprehensive electrification of vehicles in public areas, and further improve the electrification level of vehicles in official vehicles, taxis, postal express delivery, sanitation and other fields. It is necessary to work with relevant departments to study and clarify the continuation policies such as tax reduction and exemption for new energy vehicles as soon as possible, and revise and issue the "double points" management method to stabilize market expectations.

　　The fourth is to improve service support capabilities. It is necessary to speed up the development of domestic resources, stabilize international cooperation and supply, and ensure the supply and price stability of key raw materials. It is necessary to improve the recycling system, strengthen key technologies such as intelligent disassembly, and improve the recycling level of power batteries.

　　The fifth is to promote open development. We will continue to implement opening-up measures in the automotive sector, give play to the role of multilateral and bilateral cooperation mechanisms, and support enterprises, research institutions and industry organizations to carry out exchanges and cooperation in the fields of trade and investment, technology research and development, and standard setting, so as to achieve win-win development.

　　The five major services of the Korean People’s Army have always been the object of external attention. Compared with the Korean People’s Army and other services that often appear, the appearance rate of the Korean People’s Army Air Force is very low. However, according to Korean Central News Agency’s report on November 16th, Kim Jong-un, Chairman of the Workers’ Party of Korea, Chairman of the State Council and Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces, watched the "Korean People’s Army Aviation and air defence forces Flight Commanders Combat Flight Technology Competition 2019". This event was initiated by Kim Jong-un five years ago, and it has also become a routine annual competition. Kim Jong-un hopes to further improve the flight skills and actual combat capabilities of flight commanders and combat pilots through competition competitions close to actual combat. Every flight competition, the top leader of North Korea will personally attend and give careful guidance. The purpose of this competition is to demonstrate the ability of air force fighters to destroy enemy targets and strike the ground. In this year’s air force flight competition, North Korea’s main model was publicly unveiled, and this mysterious air force once again entered the public eye.

MiG -29 (data map)

On November 16, Kim Jong-un took a group photo with the flight controllers who participated in the combat flight technology competition and achieved results. MiG -29 appeared in the photo as the background.

"Goshawk-1", the highest symbol of the Korean People’s Army Air Force, flew over the airport accompanied by air force fighters to review the flying troops.

　　After observing, Kim Jong-un said that North Korean pilots should fight with enemies armed to the teeth with great ideas and tactics. The victory or defeat of a battle is not determined by the combat data of weapons and equipment, but depends on what ideas and why you fight. The enemy who flaunts his technical superiority cannot overwhelm the superiority of the Korean People’s Army soldiers in political thought and fighting morality. Kim Jong-un also put forward the development direction of air force to develop Korean-style aviation weapons and equipment and contain the enemy’s display of aircraft technical advantages, and put forward the programmatic task of strengthening and developing the main air force.

　　As can be seen from the photos published by the official media of North Korea, MIG -29 is still the "apple of the eye" of the North Korean Air Force. Although the MIG -29 is designed to counter fighters including the American F-16, the backwardness of electronic equipment and other systems and short range have made it impossible to compete with its opponents. Previously, most of the upper parts of North Korea’s latest MiG -29 fighter were painted with dark green and the bottom was dark sky blue. At the end of January 2012, the MIG -29 was also shown in the commemorative photos taken by Kim Jong-un when he inspected the air force. From the sky, the color of the upper part of the plane is similar to that of the land, and from the ground up, the color of the bottom of the plane is similar to that of the blue sky, so the concealment performance of the plane is improved. In 2014, North Korea began to repaint the fighter plane, changing the original dark green on the upper part of the MIG -29 fighter plane into light gray with markings, which is what we see now.

MiG -29 fighter before painting

　　On April 17, 2014, Kim Jong-un inspected the Korean People’s Army Air Force and air defence forces’s No.1017th Army. He said that when he passed by the army, he made a surprise inspection to understand the flight training of fighter planes. At that time, Kim Jong-un also ordered the fighters on duty to take off and complete difficult and complicated air combat actions. The photo taken at that time was also based on MIG -29.

　　According to South Korean media reports in 2015, although the fighter planes of the North Korean Air Force are not as advanced as those of the South Korean Army, their number is already twice that of South Korea, and some old fighters will still pose a threat to South Korea. North Korean leaders have always stressed the importance of air combat, but reports from the North Korean media show that the strategy of the North Korean Air Force seems to be developing in the direction of ground attack. The North Korean media reported that Kim Jong-un praised the North Korean pilot’s "spirit of suicide bombing" and his passionate patriotism.

An -2 transport aircraft

　　Korean media said that North Korea has 300 An -2 transport planes and called them "indigenous steelmaking-class" stealth aircraft. An -2 transport plane is a two-wing transport plane developed by the former Soviet Union in the last century. It is simple to manufacture and low in cost. It has been widely used for spraying pesticides. Because of its wooden fuselage and cloth skin, it is not easy to be found by the Korean Air Force radar once an attack is launched. The DPRK also painted stealth paint for it, and modified the electronic instrument panel. In 2014, it also dispatched more than 10 An -2 transport planes to hold an exercise of airborne troops attacking Incheon Airport at night. Korean media said that what worries South Korea even more is that the An -2 transport plane equipped with rocket launchers and the Il -28 bomber can attack South Korea’s Bering Island and Yeonpyeong Island within 2-3 minutes after taking off from the North Korean Air Force Base. The Korean army should be alert to North Korea’s air force.

　　Compared with the Korean Air Force, which is equipped with a large number of third-generation aircraft, the old models of the Korean Air Force occupy the majority. The South Korean military even said, "Three days after the start of the war, South Korean fighters will be able to fly freely in North Korea’s airspace." Although the fighter plane has fallen far behind the times, the North Korean military’s flight contest may also be aimed at sending a signal to other countries, including the United States, that the Korean People’s Air Force is fully capable of defending the country.

　　Two days after observing the Air Force Flight Competition, on November 18th, Kim Jong-un, Chairman of the Workers’ Party of Korea, Chairman of the State Council and Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces, instructed the Korean People’s Army Air Force and the air defence forces Sniper Division to conduct parachute training. According to Korean Central News Agency, Kim Jong-un instructed the training after receiving the report of the training plan from the observation center. Kim Jong-un said that the snipers landed very well. After receiving the sudden order, the brigade commander and the brigade political commissar took the lead and used their troops as gods. They personally led the troops to the front in strange areas, and their combat actions were very mature and impressive. They were all brave and reliable real soldiers. Kim Jong-un expressed great satisfaction with it.

More news is in the "Donggang Release" video number.

From May 1, 2024 to September 30, 2024, all vaccination units in Donggang District have implemented summer working hours. In order to facilitate the majority of community residents and parents and friends of school-age children to master the accurate opening time, the address and opening time of vaccination units in our district are now announced as follows:

Original title: "It’s about vaccination! 》

Read the original text

Text | Zinc Scale Meng Huiyuan

Editor | Li Jinlin

Due to the sudden explosion of the content of the first live broadcast of Singer 2024, in order to get the first-hand news, some "fun people" borrowed from relatives and friends to get a membership account, some searched all kinds of free broadcast channels, and some paid a huge annual subscription fee for sneak peek …

In the splash caused by Mango Taiwan, various members of the video platform "routines" are presented to consumers again: "You are a VIP—SVIP—-full-screen member, why don’t you have a SVIP again, forcing me to watch pirated apps?" "VIP can’t upgrade SVIP, full-screen has no SVIP rights, and SVIP can’t be used on TV." "Svip doesn’t have a coupon for 28 yuan for one month, so what is my membership with one year left?

According to the zinc scale, not only the video members of "Mango Taiwan" are criticized by users, but also there are "VVIP problems" including fitness, making friends, audio and other apps. Even the office software WPS has recently attracted a lot of attention because of the "doll-style" charging, which can not help but make people sigh. "The leek is not as fast as the’ routine’ of membership charging."

The program is on fire, but the membership rights are full of routines.

I recall the last time I watched the variety show "I am a singer", when Yue Lin was still in college. Yue Lin still remembers what a novel viewing experience the TV set in the dormitory was less than 20 inches at that time. "You don’t know how shocked everyone was when G.E.M. sang" Bubble ".As soon as this’ unknown’ singer opened his mouth, the sisters in the whole dormitory were quiet."

And once again pay attention to this program, Yue Lin is already a senior worker of an Internet company. Yue Lin’s mind was constantly filled with all kinds of tricks on the Internet when she brushed the relevant information on the short video platform, from "Fifty-year-old Taishouguo" to "Adventures of Eiko" to "Singer 2024", which made Lei Jun win the first place in the UC users’ list, all of which made her regain her interest in the program.

After brushing a lot of CUT videos and thinking that she had finished the homework of the first live broadcast, Yue Lin turned on the projector in her small rental house on Friday night, ready to watch the much-anticipated "World War II" in an immersive way, but what she didn’t expect was that the first step of watching the program stumped her. "You have to be a full-screen member to watch the full version, but my account only has VIP."

Because she usually shares her account with her family, Yue Lin has almost never paid attention to the charging of related services before. "Besides, I seldom watch TV dramas on video websites, and most of them are short videos and free videos in bilibili.". Lin Yue only knew when she asked, the current video VIP service is so crazy. "What a breakup can watch, what a TV can watch, and what a screen can watch is all-round money. Then I might as well wait to watch those free CUT and live videos. Anyway, this time "Singer 2024" is not out of the circle because of how beautiful the song stage itself is. "

In fact, in order to watch the follow-up, netizens collectively dispatched and found many channels for free live broadcast resources. In Little Red Book, some bloggers posted strategies, such as "You can see if the points on the apps operated by various communication companies are enough to redeem Mango VIP", "Central Video APP and Learning Power APP can watch Hunan Satellite TV live broadcast for free" and "Anyone who doesn’t have Mango members can give me YouTube, with music single exclusive version and live version (with advertisements) free of charge" and so on.

And all this, it is difficult to separate it from the changes in the membership rights of Mango TV. Previously, with the launch of Mango TV’s SVIP service, there were many complaints from the voice of users: "Why do you still have to open SVIP?" "Is your full-screen member not worthy to be SVIP?" "My full-screen members can’t watch SVIP, and now one more function than ordinary VIP is TV playing, which is still the most expensive" …

It is worth noting that some users who want to go to the scene to "eat melons" found that the registration interface of the movie-watching activities of Singer 2024 also graded the members: the offline interactive rights and interests of Mango TV members include "register immediately (V1+)" and "SVIP registration", and stated that the latter is "more likely". In this regard, some netizens have commented, "Of course, we must find ways to make money. This kind of heat is not something you want."

The coverage of "VVIP" is wider than expected.

In fact, just recently, the well-known office software WPS also caused a lot of users’ dissatisfaction because of the "doll-style" charging problem.

According to China Voice "News Horizon" of China Central Radio and Television General Station, members, svip, svip Pro, AI members, big members … Many netizens reported that WPS, the Jinshan office software, had some problems such as arbitrarily modifying the membership level and "doll-like" fees, and some users said that the WPS membership structure was complex, and its members’ "routines" were suspected of infringing consumers’ right to know and choose.

Zinc Scale understands that the cause of this incident is the AI function launched by WPS, which limits the use of this function by the svip Pro that I purchased before. If I want to continue to use this new function, I must pay separately to become an AI member or a big member.

In response to the user’s question that "it is necessary to charge separately for launching a function", the relevant person in charge of WPS said: "It is a kind of welfare for member users to use AI function before, and now the welfare period has arrived. In March 2024, WPS AI began to be commercialized, with a relatively large investment. As a brand-new membership service, WPAI members are still in the gray scale test and belong to the paid upgrade option. Users can choose by themselves. If they choose not to upgrade, the original membership rights will not be affected. "

In addition, the market is full of more services that consumers have identified as "doll-style" charges. After searching for black cat complaints, zinc scale found that there are "VVIP problems" in many industry categories, such as fitness, making friends and audio.

For example, a consumer who complained about the dating APP "Love of Ivy League" said, "After opening a member, you have to rush gold coins again to send a small note, and members can only send one a day"; A user who complained about the fitness APP "Tough Guy Fitness" wrote, "I originally wanted to buy a personal customization plan. As a result, I had to pay 168 yuan before logging in. I also marked 7 yuan every month, and it was a very small month in 168/24. I thought that this was personal customization. After I paid it, I found that it was a member’s money, and I had to pay for personal customization." Another consumer who complained about the audio APP "Himalaya" said, "In the past, members could listen to it, but now they have to pay separately for members and children members, so they can’t be universal" …

After combing, consumers’ dissatisfaction with the "doll-style" charging model is mainly concentrated in the following four aspects:

One is that the charging system is too complicated. Some softwares provide a wide range of membership types with different functions and validity periods, which makes it difficult for consumers to understand and choose the membership service that suits them. This complexity increases the difficulty of consumers’ decision-making, and sometimes they even make wrong consumption decisions because they don’t know the specific service content.

Secondly, the functions are duplicated and crossed. There are overlapping functions between different levels of membership services, which makes it difficult for consumers to judge which member is most suitable for them, and may also lead to waste of resources;

Third, there will be additional costs. When consumers want to get a specific function, the platform may ask them to pay extra fees, which is regarded as a "doll" charging model, which makes consumers feel cheated;

The fourth is the change of membership level and rights and interests. Some platform parties may change the membership level and rights at will, especially cancel the promised functions and ask consumers to pay again, which undermines consumers’ trust in the platform.

To put it more bluntly, what makes consumers dissatisfied is not the membership service purchased for the convenience of using software functions, but the fact that they don’t want to be bypassed by all kinds of fancy and endless membership types and functions, and spend more money.

Clear rules, lightning protection consumption "trap" from the source

With the WPS "doll-style" charging incident being exposed in a large number during this period, rectifying similar consumption "traps" has also attracted widespread attention and attention inside and outside the industry.

Chen Yinjiang, Deputy Secretary-General of china law society Consumer Protection Law Research Association, said: "Once consumers buy, they can’t arbitrarily change the membership fees, reduce the service quality or reduce the service items. I think these behaviors are all breach of contract. It should really attract the attention of relevant enterprises. We must remind consumers of some information in the charging standards that is of great interest to consumers in a significant way, so that consumers can fully know the content and charging standards of membership services and protect consumers’ right to know and choose. "

In fact, there are many legal systems in China that provide protection for consumers’ right to fair trade and independent choice. For example, according to the Consumer Protection Law, operators "may not use standard terms and use technical means to force transactions". The price law clearly points out that operators "shall not use false or misleading price means to trick consumers or other operators into trading with them".

It is noteworthy that the State Administration of Radio and Television recently announced the complaint channels for controlling the charging and complicated operation of TV "Taowa". That is to say, the State Administration of Radio and Television has carried out special rectification, in order to standardize the "pay TV" system and strengthen the regulatory review according to law for the legal compliance of opening members and collecting fees.

The announcement mentioned that "with the strong support of the broad masses of the people and relevant departments, the State Administration of Radio and Television has actively solved the problems of’ watching TV is difficult and annoying’ and has made progress in stages. In order to better listen to the opinions and suggestions of the people, and further consolidate and improve the results of the work of managing TV’ Taowa’ fees and complicated operations, the State Administration of Radio and Television announced the complaint channels for users of’ double governance’. "

Of course, the "VVIP problem" not only depends on the strong supervision of laws and regulations, but also belongs to the platform itself that provides member charging services. Although the "doll-style" charging can bring a lot of benefits to the platform in the short term, "harvesting" consumers in this way is more likely to damage the reputation and credibility of the platform in the long run, and will also reduce the trust and satisfaction of users, which will eventually lead consumers to vote with their feet and choose to abandon. For the platform side, it should take action to balance short-term interests and long-term development.

As far as the result is concerned, although the platform party has the right to set its own price, what they should at least do is to ensure that all charging items are open and transparent, and consumers can clearly know which services they are paying for; Ensure that the services provided match the fees charged, and avoid overcharging or hidden fees; Provide users with detailed information about services to help them understand the value and necessity of various services; Set reasonable charging standards to avoid frequent changes, so as to avoid confusion or dissatisfaction among consumers; Actively listen to users’ opinions and suggestions, and adjust the charging strategy in time to meet users’ needs.

After all, only by delineating the boundaries of services first can the charges become fairer and more transparent.

　　Original title: From Epidemic Prevention Station to CDC

　　Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic, Beijing CDC at all levels, as a front-line professional force, has played an important role in fighting the epidemic. From the initial health and epidemic prevention station to today’s CDC, how did Beijing’s health and epidemic prevention work step into a new era of public health from a blank sheet of paper?

　　Health and epidemic prevention stations were set up in 1950s.

　　Before the founding of New China, Beijing’s health and epidemic prevention work was almost blank. Plague, cholera and smallpox all occurred and prevailed, and people’s lives and health were greatly endangered.

　　After the founding of New China, Beijing attached great importance to health and epidemic prevention, quickly eliminated smallpox and relapsing fever and prevented the occurrence of plague and cholera. Infectious diseases such as diphtheria, whooping cough, measles and polio, which seriously endanger children’s health and life, have also been basically controlled. By the mid-1950s, the focus of health and epidemic prevention in the city had shifted to the prevention of measles, dysentery and Japanese encephalitis.

　　In October 1953, Beijing Health and Epidemic Prevention Station was established and became the municipal epidemic prevention and health supervision department.

　　What was the Beijing Health and Epidemic Prevention Station like at that time? On July 11th, 1955, Futang Zhu, a deputy to the National People’s Congress and a pediatrician, published an article entitled "I visited suburban rural areas and health and epidemic prevention work" in the 3rd edition of this newspaper, which wrote that there are three new buildings in the north of the Municipal Infectious Disease Hospital, one is the office of the Beijing Health and Epidemic Prevention Station, the other is the disinfection station, and the other is the passing room and disinfection treatment room. Designed by Soviet experts, it is specially designed to disinfect patients and clothes with infectious germs. It is divided into two parts, men and women, each with a registration room, a barber shop, a dressing room and a bathing room. The two clothes are sent to a central disinfection room from both sides. The high-pressure sterilizer in the disinfection room is as big as a locomotive. If the cotton-padded clothes are disinfected, 150 sets of cotton-padded clothes can be disinfected in about 30 minutes with 10 pounds of steam pressure.

　　At that time, the function of Beijing Health and Epidemic Prevention Station was to inspect and supervise industrial hygiene, environmental hygiene, food hygiene and school hygiene on the one hand, and to investigate and deal with epidemics on the other hand, to organize large-scale vaccination work, and to organize the masses to carry out patriotic health campaigns and give technical guidance.

　　Later, the city’s health and epidemic prevention institutions continued to improve and perfect, and district-level health and epidemic prevention stations were also established in various districts. However, due to the limited conditions, in 1950s, epidemic prevention stations in the whole city only carried out irregular supervision and inspection on the hygiene of fur and leather industry and high-temperature workshops and toxic workplaces in related industries with poor working conditions, as well as some food industries, cold drink manufacturing and selling industries, schools and other units, so the depth and breadth of hygiene and epidemic prevention need to be improved. (Beijing Daily, 1st edition, February 28, 1984, "Strengthening Health and Epidemic Prevention in this Municipality and Actively Building a Civilized and Healthy Capital")

　　2. Organize patriotic health campaign

　　Among the many tasks organized by health and epidemic prevention stations, the patriotic health campaign centered on "eliminating four pests" in the 1950s and 1960s is probably the most memorable one for the citizens.

　　According to the newspaper’s 2nd edition of September 6th, 1956, "City and District Epidemic Prevention Stations are Vigorously Killing Mosquitoes and Flies", the city health and epidemic prevention station dispatched a large number of electric spray trucks and motorcycle spray trucks to kill mosquitoes and flies, among which the electric spray trucks only sprayed an area of more than 450,000 square meters in 45 days. Disinfectors in various districts also assisted relevant departments to use drugs to kill flies in garbage dumps and their surrounding households, and shared drugs to spray more than 1,000 houses and more than 30,000 square meters of garbage dumps. In rotten vegetable piles, residents’ outdoor toilets and septic tanks, the epidemic prevention station also uses drugs to kill maggots.

　　In order to provide scientific basis for the city’s fly control and disease prevention work, the staff of Beijing Health and Epidemic Prevention Station conducted many investigations and studies on fly control. They set up fly index survey points, which are distributed in various parts of the city: some are located in institutions; Some are located next to public canteens; Some are located in the corner of the food processing workshop. Every month and every ten days, the staff should put the fly cages on each investigation point on time, and at the same time bring the caught flies back to the laboratory, identify them by species, register and analyze them respectively, understand the types, living habits and breeding laws of flies, and test the effect of pesticides. (Beijing Daily, 2nd edition, July 6, 1962, Investigation on Fly Killing in Municipal Health and Epidemic Prevention Station)

　　City and district health and epidemic prevention stations also organized the masses to carry out rodent control activities. The staff of the health and epidemic prevention station investigated the distribution density and reproduction law of rats, summed up some methods and measures to eliminate rats, and promoted them to institutions, factories, schools and so on. Later, this work became a regular health work in the city. (Beijing Daily, 2nd edition, November 1, 1963, Achievements in Rodent Control in this Municipality)

　　3 prevention and treatment of chronic diseases has gradually become the "highlight"

　　With the development of the times, the focus of health and epidemic prevention in Beijing has also changed, paying more attention to how to improve people’s health.

　　In June, 2000, based on the Beijing Health and Epidemic Prevention Station and other units, the Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention was formally established, and its functions were expanded to prevent infectious diseases, chronic non-communicable diseases, common diseases of students, emergency response to public health emergencies, national health education, public health protection and many other contents. Since then, district-level CDC has also been established.

　　The prevention and treatment of chronic diseases has gradually become the "highlight" of disease control. According to the 16th edition of "Beware of the rejuvenation of patients with chronic diseases" published by this newspaper on December 26th, 2001, since 1970s, the disease spectrum of Beijing residents has changed significantly, infectious diseases have been basically controlled, and chronic diseases such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and malignant tumors have become the main diseases threatening Beijing people’s health. In order to control the rising trend of chronic diseases, after 2000, Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention established chronic disease demonstration sites in eight urban areas of the city, and selected representative residential communities to investigate five chronic diseases and behavioral risk factors, including hypertension, diabetes, tumor, coronary heart disease and stroke.

　　In 2002, the Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention randomly selected 1,240 families from the whole city for nutritional and health status survey, and learned about the nutritional status of residents in this city and the incidence of chronic diseases related to it through daily food and nutrient intake, eating habits and other information. (Beijing Daily, 5th edition, August 19, 2002, Fine Calculation of Oil, Salt, Sauce and Vinegar)

　　Under the scientific guidance of the disease control department, Beijing people’s health concept has become fashionable, and investing in health has become a fashion. Beijing National Physical Fitness Testing Center receives many citizens who come to test their physical fitness every day, spend some money to find out their physical fitness, and let experts tailor a fitness plan for themselves by the way. In the past, vaccination was a "patent" for children. After entering the new century, adults and the elderly have joined the army of injections, and preventing diseases before they happen has also become an investment. (Beijing Daily, 1st edition, October 7, 2002, "Beijingers live ten years longer than one year")

　　4. Improvement of epidemic reporting system in SARS

　　In 2003, the sudden SARS epidemic ravaged Beijing. As the main force of prevention and control, the disease control department bravely shouldered the heavy burden.

　　On April 10, 2003, the first edition of "Extraordinary Warrior" recorded the scene of that year: it was late at night, and the Beijing CDC was still brightly lit. The 60 members of the SARS emergency team are still busy. Several hotlines on the desk kept ringing, citizens kept asking about SARS symptoms and prevention methods, and eight trained business backbones took pains to answer various questions. At the end of the day, everyone has to answer dozens or even hundreds of phone calls, and they are often too tired to even eat. In the health and epidemic prevention emergency command center, the monitoring reports of all districts and counties are collected at any time on the huge screen, and the epidemiological investigation team members summarize the information of the day. If a suspected SARS patient is admitted to the respiratory clinic of a hospital, the epidemic prevention personnel will arrive at the scene half an hour later, and track his upper-level source of infection and close contacts to cut off the source of infection.

　　In April of that year, a strict epidemic reporting system was established in Beijing. Every hospital has a statistical reporter. The urban CDC should accurately report the epidemic situation to the municipal CDC within 6 hours, and the suburbs should complete this work within 12 hours. (Beijing Daily, 3rd edition, April 26, 2003, "The city has formed a perfect SARS epidemic reporting and prevention and control system")

　　After SARS, great progress has been made in the construction of epidemic reporting system and system in Beijing. Chen Liquan, then director of the Dongcheng District CDC, said that the hospital could report the epidemic situation directly to the Ministry of Health through the computer network, and at the same time report it to the local grassroots CDC by telephone and fax for epidemiological investigation and handling. The double reporting system makes the information construction of disease control more perfect. (Beijing Daily, 2nd edition, October 13, 2003, "Prevention must be based on SARS")

　　5. Establish a four-level early warning of infectious diseases.

　　Due to the continuous discovery of new pathogens and related infectious diseases around the world, the situation of health and disease prevention is grim. Beijing is also striving to build a perfect public health safety system and continuously improve its ability to respond to public health emergencies.

　　In November 2004, the Emergency Plan for Public Health Emergencies in Beijing was issued, which consists of the emergency plans for public health emergencies such as influenza, avian influenza, plague, cholera and hepatitis, and food poisoning and acute occupational poisoning. The epidemic situation of infectious diseases is divided into four levels according to different intensities, with particularly serious infectious diseases as the first level, major infectious diseases as the second level and major infectious diseases as the third level. The general epidemic situation of infectious diseases is Grade IV, and the corresponding designated hospitals are enabled according to the early warning level, and the corresponding number of beds are enabled according to the intensity of the epidemic, and the clinically diagnosed and suspected patients are treated respectively. (Beijing Daily, 1st edition, November 5, 2004, "Outbreaks will be divided into four levels of early warning")

　　In 2005, Haidian took the lead in launching a public health safety broadcasting system in China, which provided early warning of infectious diseases, food poisoning, occupational poisoning and drinking water pollution incidents according to various public health events over the years. (Beijing Daily, 6th edition, February 28th, 2005, "Public Health Safety Broadcasting System Launched in Haidian")

　　Drawing lessons from SARS, Beijing’s public health construction has been carried out step by step. Since then, Beijing has taken the lead in the prevention and control of avian influenza, influenza, norovirus and hand, foot and mouth disease. Today’s Beijing has entered a new era of public health.

　　(Text: Jia Xiaoyan’s historical data: Jingbao Group graphic database, Xinhua News Agency)

Full text10074Words, reading takes abouttwentyminute

Macro Team of Wencaixin Research Institute

Wu Chaoming and Hu Wenyan　

Core view　

How will the domestic interest rate, especially the yield of ten-year treasury bonds, be interpreted in the future? The market has little disagreement on the medium and long-term trend. Most people think that the interest rate will follow the shift of GDP, especially the nominal GDP growth rate, and show an overall downward trend. However, the market has great differences and different judgments on the short-term trend in the next few quarters.

1. China’s interest rate analysis framework: fundamental factors such as economic growth and inflation dominate the direction of interest rate change, while other factors such as financial supervision policies and exchange rates affect the fluctuation range of interest rates.One isIn the medium and long term, the yield trend of domestic ten-year government bonds is basically consistent with the growth rate of nominal GDP and the running trend of inventory cycle, indicating that the trend of domestic interest rates is mainly dominated by fundamental factors such as economic growth and prices.The second isAfter the international financial crisis in 2008, the goal of financial stability has also become an important factor affecting interest rates. In the cycle of stable economic growth, especially economic recovery, strict supervision and the policy tendency of reducing leverage will lead to a significant increase in market interest rates.The third isInterest rates will also be affected by exchange rates, supply and demand of funds and other factors. For example, the continuous interest rate hike by the Federal Reserve will restrict the domestic monetary easing space, and the demand for funds exceeding supply will also raise the level of interest rate centers.

Second, the trend of domestic interest rates in the next few quarters: it is expected that the fluctuation will bottom out first, and then the probability of recovery will be too high.

First, from the perspective of interest rate analysis framework, the yield of 10-year government bonds may bottom out first and then rise.First,The probability of weak economic recovery in the second half of the year is too high, which determines that it is difficult for interest rates to rise sharply in the short term, or to bottom out first, but after the economy is confirmed to stabilize and rise, interest rates will tend to rise;Secondly,Affected by factors such as the resonant upward trend of pig grain price, high oil price, recovery of consumer demand and abundant liquidity, it is expected that CPI will continue to fluctuate around or even above 3% from the second half of this year to the first half of next year, which will support the upward trend of interest rates;Third,The continuous upside-down spread between China and the United States and the transformation from a wide currency to a wide credit will also increase the upward pressure on domestic interest rates.

Second, from a quantitative point of view, the current yield of ten-year government bonds is lower than the desired interest rate, and it is only a matter of time before it gradually converges upward in the future.

Third, based on the historical experience in 2012 and 2019, the interest rate cut on the eve of economic recovery will help the interest rate to decline slightly in the short term. However, if there is no unexpected impact, after the interest rate cut boots land and the economic confirmation stabilizes, the interest rate will enter the recovery channel.In July this year, the domestic economy recovered weakly, which led the central bank to cut interest rates unexpectedly in August. If the real estate recovery continues to fall short of expectations, the possibility of cutting interest rates again will not be ruled out. However, with the steady growth policy taking effect, the probability of China’s credit demand bottoming out and economic recovery improving in the future is increasing, and the trend of interest rate bottoming out in the next few quarters is more clear.

Risk warning:Real estate recovery continued to fall short of expectations, and the overseas economy went down more than expected.

main body

Since the beginning of this year, the domestic market interest rate has experienced two obvious downturns: First, in April-May, 2022, in the face of the severe impact on the economy brought by the conflict between Russia and Ukraine and the rebound of the epidemic, the central bank greatly increased the liquidity supply to boost the demand for entity financing and support the economic recovery as soon as possible. The domestic short-term market interest rate DR007 dropped from about 2.1% in the first quarter to around 1.5%, which was about 60BP lower than the policy interest rate in the same period (see Figure 1). Second, from July to August, due to the unexpected economic recovery, especially the overall weakening of financial and economic data in July, and the prominent problem of insufficient effective social demand, the central bank unexpectedly cut interest rates in mid-August, pushing the interest rate of DR007 down from about 1.9% at the end of June to the historical low of 1.3% during the outbreak of the epidemic in 2020, and the yield of 10-year government bonds also broke through the low point in the same period to further open up the downside (see Figure 1-2).

Looking forward to the future, the market has little difference on the medium and long-term trend, and most people think that the interest rate will follow the shift of GDP, especially the nominal GDP growth rate, showing an overall downward trend, but the market has great differences and different judgments on the trend in the next few quarters. Therefore, based on the interest rate analysis framework and quantitative analysis, this paper studies the trend of domestic interest rates in the next few quarters.

First, China’s interest rate analysis framework

(1) The interest rate level is mainly dominated by fundamental factors such as economic growth and prices.

According to the People’s Bank Law, the ultimate goal of China’s monetary policy is to "maintain the stability of the currency and promote economic growth". As a big country economy, China’s monetary policy is dominated by me. Interest rate is one of the key tools to achieve the goal of monetary policy, so the formulation of domestic interest rate policy and the trend of interest rate level mainly depend on economic fundamental factors such as economic growth and prices in the medium and long term.

First, the trend of domestic interest rate is basically consistent with the growth rate of nominal GDP and the running trend of inventory cycle.Inventory cycle describes the periodic change of enterprise inventory for about 40 months, which can be used to help judge the strength of economic growth because of its strong correlation with nominal economic growth (see Figure 3). Since 2003, China has experienced a total of five complete inventory cycles, and is currently in the sixth cycle of the inventory cycle (see Figure 4). Generally speaking, the upward cycle of inventory often corresponds to the recovery stage of interest rate, that is, the bear market in the bond market, and vice versa. However, it is worth noting that the peak and trough of interest rate and inventory cycle are only similar at the time point, but not completely consistent. In most cases, interest rate is slightly ahead of the latter to peak or bottom. On the one hand, this stems from the fact that the growth rate of inventory lags behind the economic growth slightly (see Figure 3), and on the other hand, it is also related to the interest rate being affected by other factors such as investors’ expectations. In addition, there is no fixed proportional relationship between interest rate fluctuation range and inventory fluctuation range, and they only have the same trend, indicating that economic growth is not the only factor determining interest rate.

Second, there is a strong correlation between interest rate trend and inflation gap in history, but the correlation tends to weaken in recent years.In order to stabilize inflation and its expectation, China will put forward this year’s CPI growth target in the government work report every year. If the price deviates far from the above target value, monetary policy will take effective measures to promote the price to return to the target center. From the practical experience, before 2013, the yield of domestic ten-year government bonds and the inflation gap (CPI growth rate-government target growth rate) basically changed synchronously, and the correlation between them was very strong (see Figure 5). However, after 2013, due to the obvious reduction of domestic CPI fluctuation, the inflation gap basically fluctuated around 0, the monetary policy was weakened by price constraints, and the correlation between the inflation gap and the yield of 10-year government bonds was also obviously weakened. If we consider the relationship between the comprehensive inflation index weighted by CPI and PPI and the yield of 10-year treasury bonds, the correlation between the two has also weakened after 2013, and the peaks and valleys of the two are close at the time point but no longer completely consistent (see Figure 6). On the whole, when the inflationary pressure is high, the interest rate is more constrained by the price, which is more consistent with the price trend, and vice versa, which shows that inflation is one of the important factors in determining the interest rate.

(B) After the international financial crisis in 2008, financial stability has also become an important factor affecting interest rates.

After the financial crisis in 2008, the major central banks in the world learned the lesson that monetary policy only focused on inflation targets and paid insufficient attention to financial stability, and began to focus on improving the financial regulatory framework and strengthening macro-prudential management, and their attention to financial stability targets increased significantly. In terms of macro-prudential management framework construction, the Bank of China is at the forefront of global central banks, and further accelerates the improvement of the dual-pillar regulatory framework of monetary policy and macro-prudential policy after the crisis. Among them, the former focuses on maintaining economic and price stability, while the latter focuses on maintaining financial stability. Under the background of resolving financial risks and maintaining the stability of macro leverage ratio, financial regulatory policies have also become an important factor affecting the level of domestic interest rates. During the period of steady economic growth, especially during the economic recovery cycle, strict supervision and the policy tendency of reducing leverage will lead the market interest rate to rise. For example, in 2013-2014 and 2016-2018, two rounds of domestic interest rates went up, and the tightening of financial supervision was one of the main reasons.

First, the above two rounds of interest rate hikes are in the rising stage of inventory cycle and nominal GDP growth rate (see Figure 4), indicating that economic stabilization and recovery is an important prerequisite for interest rate hikes.However, if we look at the constant price GDP growth rate and CPI growth rate indicators, they have basically changed little during the period (see Figure 7), reflecting that there is no overheating risk in the economy, and fundamental factors are not enough to support a sharp rise in interest rates. The central bank’s working paper "Natural Interest Rate in China" has also reached a similar conclusion, that is, except for a slight decline around 2015, the domestic output gap in 2012-2019 is close to zero (see Figure 8), indicating that the economic operation is generally stable.

Second, the rapid rise of interest rates in mid-2013 and the end of 2016 is closely related to the shift of monetary policy to deleveraging to prevent risks and the tightening of regulatory policies.During the above two rounds of interest rate hikes, the growth rate of leverage ratio in the financial sector declined (see Figure 9). Among them, in 2013, in order to strictly control banks’ off-balance-sheet loans (such as trust loans) to promote the disorderly expansion of non-standard assets (see Figure 10), and to prevent the rapid growth of interbank business from idling funds within the financial system and increasing the risk of maturity mismatch, the regulatory authorities issued a series of regulatory measures, such as the Notice on Regulating the Investment Operation of Commercial Banks’ wealth management business (referred to as Circular No.8), which forced financial institutions to strengthen liquidity management and added a "default door" for a bank. In 2016, as the economy entered a new round of upward channel, and there were many problems of leverage and capital idling in the financial market, the primary goal of domestic monetary policy gradually shifted from steady growth to risk prevention. At the same time, the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China took preventing and resolving major risks as the first of the three tough battles. In October 2016, the Politburo meeting clearly put forward "focusing on curbing asset bubbles and preventing economic and financial risks". In November 2017, new regulations on asset management were introduced, which started the domestic financial deleveraging campaign, and the leverage ratio growth rate of financial institutions increased from 20 in early 2016.

Looking back at the above two rounds of interest rate upward cycles, it is inseparable from the tightening of financial supervision policies. The deep-seated reason behind it is that when the economy is under great downward pressure, the central bank will often implement a loose policy of "releasing water to raise fish" to stimulate the economic recovery. At that time, the market liquidity is abundant but the return of the real economy is low, and the phenomenon of "asset shortage" is prominent, resulting in excess funds speculating on various virtual assets, chasing high-term spread assets, amplifying financial leverage and pushing up financial risks. However, when the economy starts to stabilize and rebound, the regulatory authorities will take the initiative to tighten monetary policy, resolve the risks bred in the early stage and reduce the policy sequelae, thus pushing interest rates upward. Therefore, the interest rate recovery is often in the period after the growth rate of social financing has recovered for a period of time or at the stage of bottoming out, that is, after the economy has stabilized and recovered, the convergence of liquidity at this time will also lead to the bottoming out of credit spreads (see Figure 11).

(3) The interest rate level will also be affected by other factors such as exchange rate, capital supply and demand.

First, monetary policy should not only achieve internal balance, but also take into account external balance, especially with the continuous improvement of China’s capital market opening level, it is necessary to maintain the basic stability of the RMB exchange rate at a reasonable and balanced level, so exchange rate factors have certain constraints on the central bank’s interest rate policy, although this constraint tends to weaken with the increase of exchange rate flexibility.According to "impossible trinity" theory, monetary policy must give up some independence when allowing capital to flow freely and keeping the exchange rate relatively stable. For example, when the Fed enters the interest rate hike cycle, the US dollar index strengthens, attracting international capital to return; If other economies do not follow the tightening of monetary policy, they will often face greater capital outflow and exchange rate depreciation pressure, thus aggravating the domestic capital market turmoil.

From the domestic practical experience, from 1989 to 2019, the Federal Reserve started four interest rate hike cycles, in which the domestic interest rate increased in different degrees three times, and only in 1999-2000 did China keep the interest rate unchanged (see Figure 12).The main reason why the interest rate did not move was that the GDP growth rate dropped from 9.1% in the fourth quarter of 1989 to 6.7% in the fourth quarter of 1999, and the sharp economic downturn did not support monetary tightening. In 2022, the Federal Reserve started the interest rate hike cycle again, and the domestic monetary policy was "I-oriented", which lowered interest rates, partly due to the increase in exchange rate flexibility, which improved the flexibility and operational space of monetary policy, but this did not mean that domestic monetary policy was not affected and constrained by the Fed’s interest rate hike.

Second, the supply and demand of funds will have an impact on the short-term fluctuation of interest rates.If the money supply and social financing scale represent the macro-level social capital supply and demand respectively, then the difference between the growth rate of social financing and money supply indicates the relative change of capital demand and supply. The bigger the difference, the more the demand for funds exceeds the supply, the more obvious the tension of funds in the market, and the more the interest rate of funds will rise, and vice versa. Empirical data does confirm this point. Since 2015, the difference (social financing growth rate -M2 growth rate) and the yield of 10-year government bonds have fluctuated obviously and have a high correlation (see Figure 13).

An interesting phenomenon is that since 2011, the 10-year bond yield has a high linkage with social financing, but the correlation with the change of money supply has obviously decreased (see Figure 14).Theoretically speaking, the growth rate of M2 should be inversely related to the interest rate, but this relationship is obviously weakened after 2011. The main reasons behind this are as follows: On the one hand, with the acceleration of domestic interest rate marketization, coupled with the rapid development of financial innovation and disintermediation, China’s monetary control mode is gradually shifting from monetary quantity control to price control, which leads to the weakening of the correlation between money supply and economic growth and interest rate level; On the other hand, the money supply M2 reflects more how strong the countercyclical policy is than the growth of the real economy. Different from M2, the yield of 10-year treasury bonds is consistent with the growth rate of social financing, which reflects that the domestic interest rate depends more on the financing demand of the real economy, and the financing demand is behind the growth of the real economy, especially the strong and weak changes of domestic demand. In the final analysis, economic growth is still the decisive force leading the trend of medium and long-term interest rates.

(4) Summary

To sum up, the domestic interest rate level is determined by the multiple objectives of monetary policy, but the core factors that affect our interest rate level at present are still economic growth and inflation, and with the obvious slowdown of domestic price fluctuations in recent years, the former plays a leading role in determining the direction of interest rate changes. In addition, factors such as financial stability and exchange rate can not dominate the direction of interest rate changes, but will strengthen the trend of interest rate changes and increase its fluctuation range. When the economy is in the recovery channel, financial risk prevention and other goals will push interest rates up; When the economy is in a downward cycle, financial risk prevention, exchange rate stability and other goals need to make way for economic growth, and interest rates generally fluctuate and fall.

Second, the short-term trend of domestic interest rates: first, the fluctuation bottomed out, and then the probability of recovery was too high.

(A) Based on the interest rate analysis framework: the yield of 10-year treasury bonds may bottom out first and then rise.

1. The probability of weak economic recovery in the second half of the year is too high, which makes it difficult for interest rates to rise sharply in the short term.

Whether the PPI price index has dropped first or the current replenishment time has reached the highest level in history, it is a high probability event for China to enter a new round of destocking cycle in the future (see Figure 15). What needs to be pointed out here is that since 2021, the growth rate of domestic inventory has been greatly deviated from the growth rate of GDP and the trend of interest rate level, that is, while enterprises replenish inventory, the economic growth rate has dropped rapidly and sharply, and the interest rate has also dropped (see Figure 16). The reason is that the macro-and micro-policies have been tightened simultaneously in 2021, which has led to the rapid and substantial reduction of the leverage ratio of entities (see Figure 17). Coupled with the epidemic disturbance this year, demand has shrunk rapidly and inventory has been passively improved. Therefore, to judge the future trend of economy and interest rate, we need to comprehensively consider many factors such as inventory cycle, epidemic situation and counter-cyclical policy, and we can’t just observe one indicator of inventory cycle.

It is expected that the probability of weak economic fundamentals in the second half of the year is too high, which makes it difficult for interest rates to rise sharply.First, with the marginal alleviation of the short-term impact of the epidemic, the recovery of people flow and logistics, and the slight stabilization and recovery of the growth rate of social integration, the leading indicator of the economy (see Figure 18-19), the marginal recovery of the domestic economic growth rate in the second half of the year can be expected from the "deep pit" of 0.4% (constant price) in the second quarter. Second, the inventory cycle has entered a new round of decline channel, which will inevitably restrict the economic recovery. Third, although the growth rate of domestic social integration has stabilized and rebounded, the structure mainly relies on the financial front, and the credit growth rate is still falling, reflecting that the problem of insufficient effective social demand is severe and the economic recovery should not be overestimated. Looking at the extended cycle, China’s credit growth has been difficult in recent years, mainly due to the weakening trend of infrastructure and real estate, which used to have a large credit demand (see Figure 20), while the demand for other loans with relatively small volume is difficult to make up for the credit demand gap, which leads to the decline or normalization of China’s credit growth rate during the shift of new and old kinetic energy, which also means that the mode of stimulating economic growth by financial expansion is unsustainable, and it is necessary to cultivate new kinetic energy and new social purchasing power, create new credit demand, and smoothly spend the shift of growth rate.

2. Short-term inflationary pressure rises, which supports the upward trend of interest rates.

According to historical experience, when the domestic prices of pigs, oil and grain rise in resonance, the inflationary pressure tends to be greater (continuously exceeding the inflation target of 3%). On the contrary, if the prices of pigs and oil hedge each other and the food price is moderate, the inflation risk is relatively small and the time for the price to continue to rise is relatively short (see Figure 21).

Looking into the future, influenced by factors such as the resonant upward trend of pig food prices, the high oil prices, the recovery of consumer demand and abundant liquidity, it is expected that CPI will continue to fluctuate around 3% or even above 3% from the second half of this year to the first half of next year, which will support the upward trend of interest rates.

First, a new round of "pig cycle" has been launched, and this round of pig price increase is second only to the African swine fever period in 2019.Historical experience shows that each round of "pig cycle" in China lasts about four years, and the first 1.5-2 years are the upward period of prices. In April this year, the domestic pork price went down to the stage low point, which is about four years from the starting point of the last cycle. Since May, the pig price has continued to rise, indicating that a new round of "pig cycle" has started, and it may usher in an upward period of more than one year in the future. Judging from the increase of this round of pig cycle, due to the weak demand recovery and the slow speed of supply, it is expected that the increase of pig price in this round will hardly exceed that of African swine fever in 2019. However, at the end of July, the average price of pork in 22 provinces and cities has risen to 29 yuan/kg, and extreme weather may have a certain negative impact on the supply of pigs. In the future, the pig price will probably continue to rise moderately (see Figure 22), and the increase is expected to exceed several rounds of pig cycles that began in 2006, 2010 and 2014.

Second, the rise of international food prices is superimposed on extreme weather, and the risk of food price fluctuation in China may increase in the future.Benefiting from the low dependence of China’s three staple foods on foreign countries and sufficient domestic stocks, the increase in international food prices in the first half of the year has relatively little impact on China, which mainly drives domestic CPI through cost channels. However, two factors may increase the risk of food price fluctuation in China in the future. First, the negative impact of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict on global food prices, such as reduced grain production, rising grain production costs and slowing food trade, has yet to be revealed. In addition, the rise of food protectionism (the number of countries that issued food export bans in 2022 was as high as 24, second only to the 28 in 2008 food crisis), it is hard to say that the warning of future global food crisis has been lifted. Second, the impact of extreme weather on the global and China’s food prices may have increased: on the one hand, according to the statistics of the United States Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, July this year was the second hottest July in the world since statistics were available in 1880, and China also ushered in the hottest summer since statistics were available in 1961. It is expected that the negative impact of high temperature and dry weather on food production will gradually emerge; On the other hand, the US Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration predicts that there is a 60% probability that La Nina will continue from December 2022 to February 2023, which means that a rare "triple" La Nina climate event may occur this year, and the world will face the test of cold winter, or further push up the global and Chinese food prices (see Figure 23-24).

Third, international oil prices may continue to fluctuate at a high position, and China’s imported inflationary pressure still exists.For example, geopolitical conflicts and global energy transformation will restrict the improvement of this round of crude oil supply, and the cold winter weather is expected to partially hedge the impact of the decline in crude oil demand brought about by the global economic downturn. It is expected that oil prices will fluctuate at a high position in a high probability during the year.

Fourth, abundant domestic liquidity and improved consumer demand will also support the rise of CPI center. On the one hand,Economic recovery after the epidemic is conducive to reducing the unemployment rate and increasing residents’ income, thus boosting residents’ consumption ability and willingness. In addition, after the epidemic is controlled, the consumption scene has improved, and residents have accumulated rich savings in the early stage (see Figure 25), which has accumulated energy for future consumption demand recovery.On the other hand,Since the second half of last year, the domestic money supply has been loose, and the growth rate of M2 has increased from a low of 8.2% in August last year to 12% in July this year, which is much higher than the nominal GDP growth rate, setting a new high since the outbreak, and will also support the rise of CPI center.

3. The continuous upside-down spread between China and the United States and the transformation of wide currency into wide credit will also increase the upward pressure on interest rates.

First, the spread between China and the United States may remain upside down for a long time, which will increase the upward pressure on interest rates through exchange rate channels.Affected by high inflation, the Fed has raised interest rates four times during the year, raising the target interest rate of the federal funds from 0-0.25% to 2.25-2.5% (see Figure 26), and the Fed is still on the way to continue raising interest rates during the year. During the same period, the pressure of steady growth of domestic economy was great, and interest rates were cut twice during the year. The dislocation of financial cycles between China and the United States deepened, and the yields of 10-year government bonds of the two countries continued to be upside down. This trend will continue in the short term. According to historical experience, the falling or even upside-down spread between China and the United States will increase the depreciation of the RMB exchange rate and the pressure of capital outflow (see Figure 27). In order to take into account the external balance, domestic monetary policy easing will be restrained to some extent.

Second, with the transformation from a wide currency to a wide credit, it will also restrict the downside of interest rates.Since the beginning of this year, domestic real estate-related credit has shrunk sharply, and the proportion of new real estate loans to all new credit has turned negative in the second quarter (see Figure 28), indicating that the repayment scale of residents and housing enterprises has exceeded the amount of real estate loans lent by banks. Affected by this, the transmission of domestic wide money to wide credit has been impeded. In July, the difference between the growth rate of social financing and the growth rate of M2 hit a new low since statistics were available (see Figure 14). However, in the future, the positive factors have increased significantly. For example, after the 5-year LPR interest rate was lowered by 15BP again on August 22, the domestic personal housing loan interest rate may have been lower than the 2016 low, only slightly higher than that after the 2008 financial crisis. Generally speaking, the mortgage interest rate is about 6 months ahead of the growth rate of real estate loans. Since the beginning of this year, the domestic mortgage interest rate has continued to fall rapidly, which indicates that the growth rate of real estate loans is expected to gradually stabilize and pick up in the future (see Figure 29). With the gradual recovery of real estate credit from a very low position and the continuous efforts of "one city, one policy", the transformation from wide currency to wide credit is expected to accelerate, which will restrict the downward space of interest rates in the future.

To sum up, the economic recovery is weak and the regulatory policies are difficult to tighten, but the inflationary pressure is increasing, the spread between China and the United States continues to be upside down, and the wide currency is transformed into wide credit. It is expected that the interest rate will have limited room for further decline in the current position. In the next few quarters, the domestic 10-year national debt income will be the first to oscillate and bottom out, and the probability of rising later is too high.

(B) Based on quantitative analysis: the current yield of 10-year treasury bonds is lower than the desired interest rate, and the high probability gradually converges upward.

In the medium and long term, the market interest rate should be equivalent to the desirable interest rate level that can not only ensure the economic operation at the potential output level, but also achieve the goals of price stability, full employment and financial stability. In this paper, the general Taylor rule method is used to measure the desirable interest rate level in China, and it is compared with the market interest rate to see whether there is overshoot at present, and thus to judge the future market interest rate trend.

According to Taylor rule, the interest rate level is mainly determined by inflation gap and output gap. With the diversification of the central bank’s monetary policy objectives and the development of financial markets, we add exchange rate and social financing scale factors to the basic Taylor rule to fit and measure the current acceptable level of China’s 10-year national debt yield. Taylor’s rule regression equation shows that the current yield level of ten-year treasury bonds is obviously lower than the desired interest rate level (see Figure 30), which means that the interest rate level is lower than the desired interest rate level that matches the current economic growth, prices, exchange rate and liquidity. According to past experience, when the interest rate gap (market interest rate-desirable interest rate) falls below -0.4%, the probability of market interest rate converging upward to desirable interest rate is greater, and it is only a matter of time before the market interest rate rises in the future.

(3) Based on historical experience: If there is no unexpected impact, the interest rate will fall first and then rise after the interest rate cut boots land.

No matter from the economic fundamentals or quantitative point of view, we all think that the interest rate will converge marginally in the future with a high probability, but the market is still skeptical about whether the interest rate will really go up. There is an important reason behind it, that is, the economic data in July was significantly less than expected, and after the loan suspension risk incident, the central bank unexpectedly lowered the policy interest rates of MLF and OMO on August 15, which rekindled the market’s expectation of starting a new round of interest rate reduction cycle in China.

Historical experience does show that after the central bank cuts interest rates continuously, the market interest rate will tend to decline in the short term, but it also shows that as long as the credit data improves and the economy gradually stabilizes after the interest rate cut, the yield of 10-year government bonds will open the recovery channel after the interest rate cut boots land. For example, in 2012 and 2019, there were unexpected interest rate cuts, but after that, interest rates rebounded with the improvement of the economy, rather than falling. Therefore, there is great uncertainty about whether to continue to cut interest rates after cutting interest rates, depending on the marginal changes in economic fundamentals.

1. In 2012, interest rates were cut twice in a row: the yield of ten-year government bonds only dropped by 14BP, and then the journey of recovery began.

After the second quarter of 2011, the domestic economy continued to slow down. However, because the CPI has been above 3%, the central bank is cautious in cutting interest rates, mainly by lowering the RRR to hedge the downward pressure on the economy (see Figure 31-32). Until mid-2012, with the CPI growth rate falling below 3%, coupled with the superimposed influence of the economic downturn, repeated wide credit (see Figure 33) and the further intensification of the European debt crisis caused by bank runs in overseas Greece, the central bank cut interest rates twice in June and July respectively (see Figure 32). After two interest rate cuts, the cumulative maximum downward rate of 10-year treasury bond yield is about 14BP. However, as the credit growth rate announced after the interest rate cut returned to the upward trend, the economy gradually confirmed its stabilization, and the yield of 10-year government bonds began to turn upside down, starting an upward cycle (see Figure 32-33).

2. Unexpected interest rate cut in 2019: The yield of ten-year government bonds fell by about 9BP, and the downside was reopened after the outbreak of the epidemic.

After the second half of 2018, the domestic economy continued to slow down, and the CPI growth rate was less than 3% in the same period (see Figure 34). In order to prevent financial risks, the central bank was more cautious about interest rate cuts, and also chose to lower the RRR first to hedge the downward pressure on the economy (4 RRR cuts in 2018 and 5 RRR cuts in 2019), which promoted the growth rate of domestic social integration and credit to continue to rise to March 2019. However, due to the escalation of trade friction and the occurrence of risk events such as Baoshang Bank, the domestic credit contraction pressure increased significantly in 2019, and the credit growth rate dropped again after the first quarter of the same year. At the same time, the PMI index was below 50% of threshold for six consecutive months, and the downward pressure on the economy increased (see Figure 35-36). Therefore, although the CPI growth rate broke through 3% from September to October in 2019 (the soaring pork price increased the structural inflationary pressure), after the PMI fell to 49.3% in October, hitting an eight-month low, the central bank cut the MLF interest rate by 5BP in early November (see Figure 35). After the interest rate cut, the yield of 10-year treasury bonds dropped by about 9BP, and then gradually stabilized. At the end of December, the COVID-19 outbreak broke out in China, which further reopened the downward space of interest rates (see Figure 35).

To sum up, during the economic downturn in 2012 and 2019, the central bank was cautious about cutting interest rates at first. However, due to some unexpected risk events, continuous credit contraction and sustained downward pressure on the economy, the central bank still took interest rate cuts at the end of the economic downturn, and the timing of interest rate cuts exceeded market expectations. Both rounds of interest rate cuts pushed interest rates down slightly in the short term, but in 2012, as the economy stabilized, interest rates quickly turned upward, and the outbreak of the epidemic in 2019 further opened up the downside of interest rates.

Similar to 2012 and 2019, in 2022, the central bank was also cautious about comprehensively lowering the policy interest rate. For example, after the interest rate was cut by 10BP in January 2022, despite the unexpected rebound of domestic epidemic in the second quarter, the central bank did not immediately reduce the policy interest rate. It was not until July that the economy turned downward again on the way to recovery and there were twists and turns in credit easing that the central bank cut interest rates again beyond expectations (see Figure 37-38). According to the experience of two rounds of interest rate cuts that exceeded expectations in 2012 and 2019, if the domestic economy gradually stabilizes in the short term, the transformation from wide currency to wide credit accelerates, and the yield of 10-year government bonds drops slightly, the recovery channel will be gradually started; If there is an unexpected risk event, such as the real estate recovery continues to be less than expected, the risk spreads to other fields or even systemic risks, it is also expected that the central bank will cut interest rates quickly, continuously and substantially, and the interest rate center is expected to drop significantly again until the economy stabilizes, but at present, this probability is too small.

(4) Summary

Based on the analysis of the above three perspectives, it is estimated that the yield of domestic 10-year government bonds will probably bottom out first and then rise in the next few quarters:1）The weak recovery of domestic economy does not support a sharp rise in interest rates in the short term, and even does not rule out the possibility of cutting interest rates again. However, with the increasing pressure to stabilize prices and exchange rates, the constraints on monetary easing are also obvious. In addition, with the transformation from a wide currency to a wide credit, the probability of China’s credit demand bottoming out and economic recovery improving in the future will increase. It is only a question of whether the recovery speed or slope can be as expected, and the trend of interest rate recovery is relatively clear.2）At present, the domestic market interest rate has been much lower than the desired interest rate level, and it is only a matter of time before it converges upward;3）Historical experience shows that the interest rate cut on the eve of economic recovery will help the interest rate to decline slightly in the short term, but if there is no unexpected impact, after the interest rate cut boots land and the economy is confirmed to stabilize, the interest rate will open a recovery channel.

In addition, the current real interest rate level in China is not high, and monetary policy is constrained by insufficient demand. The effect of monetary easing on stimulating economic growth is limited, but it may bring more sequelae. Unless it encounters extreme unexpected shocks, it is not necessary to continue to loosen the currency substantially. First, China’s real interest rate (nominal interest rate minus inflation rate) has been continuously lower than the actual economic growth rate. Governor Yi Gang of the Central Bank pointed out in the article "Interest Rate System and Interest Rate Marketization Reform in China" that the real interest rate R after inflation adjustment should be equal to the real economic growth rate G. However, most of the time, the real interest rate in China is lower than the actual economic growth rate, which tends to distort the allocation of financial resources and bring about inflation, asset price bubbles, idle funds and other problems. At present, the real interest rate of RMB loans in China has been at a low level below 1.5% for five consecutive quarters (see Figure 39), and the growth rate has been lower than the real GDP except for the second quarter of this year. Second, the core contradiction facing China’s economy at present is insufficient effective demand. Monetary easing is constrained by banks’ reluctance to borrow and enterprises’ reluctance to borrow, and it is difficult for monetary policy to promote the "soft rope". Therefore, fiscal policy needs more efforts. Monetary policy should cooperate with fiscal policy to provide suitable liquidity and financing environment, and blindly easing will not help accelerate the optimization and adjustment of the current economic structure.

　 　This article was first published on WeChat WeChat official account: Seeing the Macro. The content of the article belongs to the author’s personal opinion and does not represent Hexun.com’s position. Investors should operate accordingly, at their own risk.

　　Author: He Junming and Sun Huayu (both are special researchers of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought Research Center, the supreme leader of Fujian Province, and professors of Marxism College of Xiamen University of Technology).

　　When presiding over the sixth collective study in the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader emphasized that "we should pay attention to drawing theoretical innovation wisdom from the creation of the masses". If a society wants to be prosperous and full of vigor and vitality, it must constantly carry out theoretical innovation. People’s nature is the essential attribute of Marxism. The Party’s theory comes from the people, for the people and for the benefit of the people. The people’s creative practice is an inexhaustible source of theoretical innovation. The important exposition of the Supreme Leader General Secretary adheres to the Marxist historical materialism and the standpoint of people first, which clarifies the source of the party’s theoretical innovation and provides a fundamental follow-up for constantly writing a new chapter in the modernization of Marxism in China.

　　The people are the creators of history.

　　Marx and Engels systematically thought about the relationship between man and history, holding that the primary premise of human history is "the existence of living individuals", and pointed out that history is the history of living people in material form, not the history of spirit or will. Social existence determines social consciousness and mode of production determines social development, which is the basic viewpoint of Marxist historical materialism. Material production activities are the basic conditions of all history, and all social life is practical in essence. Marx clearly pointed out in the Manuscript of Economics and Philosophy in 1844 that history "is nothing more than a process in which people are born through human labor, and it is a process in which nature generates for people". Man creates history through his own practical activities, and social history is composed of his practical activities, and man is the real subject of social history.

　　The people are the creators of material wealth and spiritual wealth. Marxist historical materialism holds that people’s practical activities not only create an objective material world, but also create a rich spiritual world. The people are the creators of material wealth. Material production is the premise of all history. Without certain material production, there can be no human history. The material materials needed for human survival and development are produced by the broad masses of the people. As the main body of material production activities, the people constantly accumulate production experience in practice, innovate and create production technologies, and promote the development of productive forces and the growth of social material wealth. The people are also creators of spiritual wealth. Social existence determines social consciousness, which is a reflection of social existence. The production practice of the people provides a material basis for the creation of spiritual wealth, and all spiritual wealth is rooted in the practical activities of the people.

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "The people are the driving force to create history, and we communist party people should never forget this most basic truth of historical materialism." Productivity is the fundamental driving force for the development of human society. The contradictory movement between productivity and production relations promotes the continuous development of human society, and the people are the most active factors for the transformation of productivity. The people’s subjective practical activities constitute the foundation of social life, and all social changes are based on this foundation. While creating material wealth and spiritual wealth, the people also create and transform social relations of production. Any social change cannot be separated from the people’s active participation and the people’s enthusiasm and initiative. Marx and Engels pointed out that "historical activities are the activities of the masses, and with the deepening of historical activities, it will certainly expand the ranks of the masses." Although heroes also play an important role in historical development and change, social change ultimately depends on the will, wishes and interests of the broad masses of the people. From the perspective of historical materialism, only the people are the real creators of history and the fundamental driving force for social change and social reform and development.

　　2. People’s creative practice is an inexhaustible source of theoretical innovation.

　　Great times need great theories. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China’s Resolution on the Great Achievements and Historical Experience of the Party’s Centennial Struggle takes "persisting in theoretical innovation" as one of the historical experiences of the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s Centennial Struggle, and points out: "As long as we are brave enough to combine new practices and constantly promote theoretical innovation and be good at guiding new practices with new theories, we will certainly be able to show Marxism a stronger and more convincing truth force on the land of China." The reason why our party can make great achievements in various historical periods lies in mastering Marxist scientific theory and constantly promoting theoretical innovation in combination with new realities. We should constantly deepen our understanding of the regularity of the party’s theoretical innovation and achieve more fruitful theoretical innovation results in the new era and new journey.

　　Marxist historical materialism points out that theory is a rational social consciousness, and theoretical innovation is the need of the unity of social existence and social consciousness, which cannot be divorced from the objective law that social existence determines social consciousness and social consciousness reacts on social existence. On the basis of material production and spiritual production, people’s understanding of truth is refined and summed up in the cycle from sensibility to rationality to practice. Theoretical innovation must be based on social practice, and the main body of practice is the people. Marxism defines the people’s dominant position in social production practice and points out the "creative" nature of the people in the process of complex social practice. Marxism is a theory that stands for the people and speaks for them. It was founded to change people’s destiny and enriched and developed in people’s practice of seeking liberation. the Communist Party of China (CPC) is a political party guided by Marxism. To promote the party’s theoretical innovation, it must be closely combined with people’s creative practice, which is an inexhaustible source of Marxist theoretical innovation.

　　Looking back on the history of the Party’s struggle for a hundred years, we can see that the reason why our Party has made great achievements in various historical periods of revolution, construction and reform, and has been able to lead the people to accomplish arduous tasks that other political forces in China can’t, lies in mastering Marxist scientific theory and constantly promoting theoretical innovation in light of new realities. He has made great theoretical achievements such as Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, Theory of Three Represents, Scientific Outlook on Development and Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era, and has always adhered to emancipating the mind, seeking truth from facts, advancing with the times, seeking truth and being pragmatic, which has made Marxism glow with great vitality in China and enabled the Party to master a powerful force of truth. The party’s theoretical innovation results all come from people’s wisdom, people’s exploration and people’s creation. Adhering to the people’s supremacy is a profound summary of the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s valuable experience in the past 100 years and an unswerving pursuit of value, which is an important embodiment of Marxist people’s view. History has created the Communist Party of China (CPC) in the people’s exploration and struggle, and the Communist Party of China (CPC) led the people to create new historical glory. During the period of new-democratic revolution, socialist revolution and construction, the Communist Party of China (CPC) people, with Comrade Mao Zedong as the main representative, combined the basic principles of Marxism with China’s concrete reality, insisted on integrating theory with practice and keeping close contact with the masses, and with the strong support and sincere support of the broad masses of the people, absorbed the wisdom of the masses and relied on the strength of the people, and founded Mao Zedong Thought through hard exploration. Comrade Mao Zedong pointed out, "As long as we rely on the people,Firmly believe that the creativity of the people is endless, so trust the people and become one with them, and then any difficulties can be overcome. " In the new era of reform, opening up and socialist modernization, the Communist Party of China (CPC) people continue to rely on the creative practice of the people and lead the cause development with theoretical innovation. At the end of 1970s, the practice of "all-in-one contract" from Xiaogang Village, Fengyang, Anhui Province directly started the rural reform in China. The party’s major theoretical innovations all come from the people’s creative practice, which shows the people’s creative wisdom. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the people of the Communist Party of China (CPC), with the Supreme Leader as the main representative, have persisted in combining the basic principles of Marxism with the concrete reality of China and the excellent traditional Chinese culture, scientifically answered the major issues of the times such as what kind of Socialism with Chinese characteristics and how to uphold and develop Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era, and created the Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the new era. The Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the New Era is contemporary China Marxism and 21st century Marxism, and it is the essence of Chinese culture and China spirit, which has achieved a new leap in the modernization of Marxism in China.

　　3. To promote the theoretical innovation of the Party, we must follow the mass line.

　　To promote the party’s theoretical innovation, we must go deep into the people and do a good job of investigation and research. The people are the creators of history and the decisive force to promote social development and change. Investigation and research is the heirloom of our party, the foundation of seeking things and the way to achieve things. Investigation is the source of insight. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has attached great importance to investigation and research. The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader took the lead in setting an example and went deep into the people. The footprints of investigation and research spread all over the country, setting a shining example for the whole party to do a good job in investigation and research. Going deep into the people to do a good job in investigation and research is the basis of continuously promoting the theoretical innovation of the Party, and it is also the practical need to keep sober and firm in solving the unique problems of the big party and answer the "six how to always". To promote the party’s theoretical innovation, we must not build a car behind closed doors, sit and talk about the road, and become a pipe dream. The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed, "We should worship the people as teachers, learn from the people, put down our airs, throw ourselves down, be grounded, understand the situation, conduct in-depth investigation and study, dissect sparrows, find typical examples, truly find out the problems faced by the masses, reflect their opinions and sum up the experience created by the masses." The social practice of the masses is not only the object of our investigation and study, but also the inexhaustible source of our correct understanding. The masses not only know the actual situation best, but also contain the wisdom and strength to solve problems. Only by doing a good job of investigation and study can we continuously promote the party’s theoretical innovation.

　　Promoting the Party’s theoretical innovation must respect the people’s initiative. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader emphasized that "we should respect the people’s initiative, pay attention to summing up fresh experiences from the people’s creative practice, upgrade to rational understanding and refine new theoretical achievements". Respecting the people’s initiative is determined by the nature and purpose of our party, which embodies the Marxist historical values. The development of society is always based on giving full play to people’s subjective initiative and respecting people’s initiative. The will, desire, requirement and practice of the people reflect the trend of social development and embody the law of social development. At present, the changes of the world, times and history are unfolding in an unprecedented way. The "two overall situations" are accelerating and interacting deeply. China’s development has entered a period in which strategic opportunities and risk challenges coexist and uncertainties and unpredictable factors increase. It is even more necessary for us to persist in taking the people as the center, respect the people’s initiative, fully stimulate the creative power contained in the people, pay attention to the unity of top-level design and consultation with the people, and constantly gain new understanding from summing up the people’s creative practice.

　　Let the party’s innovative theory penetrate into the hearts of hundreds of millions of people. Report to the 20th CPC National Congress pointed out that it is necessary to "build a socialist ideology with strong cohesion and leading power" and "improve the system of arming the whole party, educating the people and guiding practice with the Party’s innovative theory". If great thoughts want generate’s great strength, they must be transformed into concrete social practice, rely on the people as the main body of social practice, and make the innovation theory consciously recognized and sincerely supported by the people, making it a powerful ideological weapon to guide the people to understand and transform the world. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed, "Insist on inner-party education to guide and drive the learning of the whole society, and let the party’s innovative theory ‘ Fly into the homes of ordinary people ’ " . Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era is contemporary China Marxism and 21st century Marxism, and it is the essence of Chinese culture and China spirit. We should persist in casting our souls with Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the new era, carry out in-depth study, publicity and interpretation in the whole party and society, guide the broad masses of party member, cadres and the masses to deeply understand the decisive significance of the "two establishment", strengthen the "four consciousnesses", strengthen the "four self-confidences" and achieve the "two maintenance".Consciously maintain a high degree of unity with the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core in ideological and political actions, and unite and struggle for building a socialist modern country in an all-round way and promoting the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation in an all-round way. It is necessary to establish a people-centered work orientation, combine serving the people with guiding them to learn the Party’s innovative theory, grasp the theoretical concerns of the people, constantly innovate theoretical propaganda methods, and strive to make the Party’s innovative theory penetrate into the hearts of hundreds of millions of people and become a theory that is grounded, gathers people’s wisdom, conforms to the will of the people, and wins the hearts of the people, bringing together the majestic forces for building a socialist modern country and comprehensively promoting the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.