Influenza surveillance shows that the current level of influenza virus activity in China has been enhanced, mainly influenza A. National Health Commission recently organized Wang Guiqiang, director of infectious diseases department of Peking University First Hospital, Tong Zhaohui, vice president of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, and Wang Quan, director of emergency department of Beijing Children’s Hospital, to answer the hot issues of influenza A prevention and treatment.

　　What are the characteristics of influenza A? Do you need to take antiviral drugs? Wang Guiqiang introduced that influenza viruses are divided into three types: A, B and C, and influenza A virus is the most prone to mutation. Generally speaking, winter and spring are the high incidence periods of swine flu. Influenza A is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by influenza A virus infection, which is different from the common cold. The flu symptoms are more severe than the common cold, which will lead to persistent fever, headache, muscle and joint pain, vomiting and diarrhea, general discomfort and other manifestations. The elderly and children are prone to gastrointestinal manifestations. Influenza is a self-limited disease, but there are many antiviral drugs in treatment. Not every patient needs to use antiviral drugs, and it is recommended to use them early in the case of high risk of severe illness and severe symptoms. Early use of antiviral drugs can shorten the course of disease, relieve symptoms and reduce the risk of severe illness.

　　How to judge whether you have swine flu? Tong Zhaohui said that the fever temperature of influenza is often higher than that of the common cold, which may reach above 39 degrees Celsius. If you find yourself with some symptoms of upper respiratory tract, it is suggested that you can screen for influenza antigen first, and then take medication. The course of the flu is long, usually in 3 to 5 days, and the severity can reach 5 to 7 days, while the symptoms of runny nose and cough of the common cold can be improved soon.

　　Many patients infected with swine flu feel that the symptoms of swine flu seem obvious, and even feel "worse than the symptoms in COVID-19". In this regard, Tong Zhaohui said that all diseases with fever symptoms will bring great discomfort to people, but from the current point of view, there are not many patients with severe illness caused by this round of influenza A epidemic. According to the statistics of emergency and fever clinics in Chaoyang Hospital, the proportion of patients who need to be hospitalized and seriously ill is still relatively low.

　　Children are vulnerable groups during influenza epidemic. What situations need parents’ attention? According to Wang Quan, the vast majority of children infected with influenza are mild, with respiratory tract infection as the main manifestation. Taking symptomatic drugs in time, drinking more water and taking more rest are beneficial to children’s recovery. During the influenza epidemic period, if children at home have a fever for more than three days or have an ultra-high temperature above 40 degrees Celsius, and have symptoms such as dyspnea, pallor, vomiting and diarrhea, decreased urine output and unconsciousness, they should seek medical attention at the first time.

　　Some members of the public are concerned about whether there will be overlapping infection between H1N1 and COVID-19. Tong Zhaohui said that both H1N1 and COVID-19 are respiratory infectious diseases, and there is the possibility of overlapping infection, but there is no need to worry too much. Only when the immune function is low and the Covid-19 in the body is not completely eliminated, there is a certain possibility of co-infection. At the same time, according to the monitoring data of fever clinic, the absolute majority of patients with fever are swine flu, with a high proportion. Wearing a mask, washing hands frequently, ventilation frequently, keeping social distance and vaccination actively are all effective preventive measures for respiratory infectious diseases.

　　(Reporter Jin Zhenya)

　　● Behind a small coronary stent is the rapid development of innovation and medical security in China’s medical field. Only by developing and innovating can we get "bargaining power" and better protect people’s health.

　　● In this centralized procurement by the national medical insurance department, the main reason why coronary stents were selected for "operation first" is that coronary stents are widely used in clinical practice and belong to a kind of high-value consumables with relatively high moisture content.

　　● There is indeed a problem with domestic drugs and consumables, that is, if the government’s centralized purchase price is not set, the price will be artificially high; If the centralized purchasing price is too low, there may be quality problems and innovation stagnation. Therefore, we should think about how to find a balance between the two.

　　□ Our reporter Zhao Li

　　□ Intern Sun Yifei of this newspaper

　　Recently, a "combing the quotations of the state-organized centralized purchasing companies for coronary stents" has set a new low for the price of coronary stents: the average bid price is around 700 yuan.

　　The average price dropped from 13,000 yuan to 700 yuan — — The first batch of coronary stents purchased by the state in a centralized way opened a shocking "floor price" in Tianjin. Compared with 2019, the average price reduction of the same product of the same company reached 93%.

　　Xinhua News Agency commented that a small coronary stent is behind the rapid development of innovation and medical security in China’s medical field. As a cardiologist said, since the introduction of domestic stents, the price of imported stents has plunged from the sky-high price of 40,000 yuan to about 10,000 yuan. After 20 years’ development, domestic stents have become the first and only high-end medical devices with domestic enterprises playing a leading role in the domestic market. This is the premise of the shocking low price in this centralized purchase, and it also shows that only by developing and innovating can we get "bargaining power" and better protect people’s health.

　　Significantly reduced price of coronary stent

　　Reduce the gray space of sales

　　On November 5th, the national centralized procurement of coronary stents was opened in Tianjin. There was no group bidding for 26 stent products from 11 companies, and the price was fierce on the spot. None of the 10 selected products surpassed 800 yuan.

　　Jiwei Medical’s EXCROSSAL product has the lowest bid price, which is 469 yuan/piece. The price of the other winning products from low to high is Aili of Yisheng Technology, with a price of 549 yuan; Firebird 2 of minimally invasive medical treatment, quoted in 590 yuan; GuReater of Lepu Medical, quoted at 645 yuan; Resolute integrity of Medtronic, quoted at 648 yuan; Firekingfisher of Minimally Invasive Medical, quoted in 750 yuan; Helios from Kelly, Jin Rui, quoted 755 yuan; PROMUS PREMIER and PROMUS Element Plus of Boston Medical are both quoted at 776 yuan; NOYA from Wanrui Feihong, the price is 798 yuan.

　　The price drop of this centralized purchase has exceeded the expectations of the National Medical Insurance Bureau. According to the data provided by the National Medical Insurance Bureau, the price of stents has dropped from an average price of 13,000 yuan to 700 yuan. Compared with 2019, the average price of the same product of the same enterprise is reduced by 93%, the average price of domestic products is reduced by 92%, and the average price of imported products is reduced by 95%. According to the intended purchase volume, it is expected to save 10.9 billion yuan.

　　It is worth noting that the mainstream products commonly used in clinical practice in medical institutions are basically selected, covering more than 70% of the intended purchases of medical institutions.

　　Liu Zhaoping, a professor of cardiology at the First Hospital of Peking University, said that the winning products basically covered stents that were widely used in clinic, which could completely meet the clinical use and the needs of patients.

　　At the collection site, a medical representative said that it is more than this price to make eyelashes now.

　　Sun Feng, a special researcher at Peking University International Research Center for Pharmaceutical Management, analyzed that the current centralized purchasing quotation is only a simple bracket price, and there is no doctor’s service fee and hospital site fee, which are two different price manifestations.

　　Sun Feng hopes that through this price reduction, on the one hand, the burden of patients can be reduced, on the other hand, the medical service cost of doctors can be increased, the labor value of doctors can be reflected, doctors can have legitimate income, and the gray space of coronary stent sales can be reduced, which is conducive to improving the service quality of doctors and the healthy development of the medical equipment sales industry.

　　Zhong Dongbo, director of the Department of Pharmaceutical Price and Bidding Procurement of the National Medical Insurance Bureau, believes that this centralized procurement will not only help medical machinery enterprises reduce their circulation costs, but also purify the industry ecology.

　　From the perspective of supervision, the requirements for product quality will not be relaxed. "The intensity of supervision will only be strengthened than in the past, and will not be weakened." Zhang Tiejun, member of the party group and deputy director of Tianjin Medical Insurance Bureau, said that the products will continue to maintain the original quality standards and levels as in the past.

　　It is widely used in clinic.

　　The circulation link has the most moisture.

　　Why can the price of coronary stents drop like a cliff? According to the analysis of the insiders interviewed by the reporter of the Rule of Law Daily, because the original price was too "moisture". Some people describe the price "moisture" in high-value medical consumables as a towel in a basin. "You can pour water when you pick it up, and you don’t have to squeeze it at all."

　　The reporter of Rule of Law Daily interviewed the public randomly and found that people’s awareness of the term medical devices is not very high, but they think that medical devices are as indispensable as medicines.

　　It is precisely because of low awareness that people often have no idea about expensive equipment. In the era when medical reform has not yet set sail and the medical system is not perfect, the asking price of equipment is even higher than that of drugs.

　　In recent years, some corruption cases in the medical field have been exposed one after another, revealing a "black interest chain" in circulation — — It may be a link in the chain from manufacturers, intermediate distributors to related doctors. For example, a certain department of a hospital illegally accepts kickbacks from suppliers many times outside the account according to the proportion of domestic consumables 30%, imported consumables 25%, joint and spine consumables 20% and trauma consumables 30%. These "moisture" are ultimately paid by patients and medical insurance funds.

　　Taking coronary stent as an example, the most effective treatment for coronary heart disease is PCI (percutaneous coronary intervention) surgery. Small and delicate coronary stents are the most critical consumables in this operation. The basic principle of PCI operation is to implant the stent into the coronary artery, spread the artery wall and restore the blood flow.

　　"China Cardiovascular Health and Disease Report 2019" shows that the number of patients with cardiovascular diseases in China has reached 330 million at present; From 2009 to 2019, the number of coronary heart disease (PCI) operations in China increased from 230,000 to over 1 million, with an annual growth rate of 10% to 20%.

　　Huo Yong, vice chairman of China Cardiovascular Health Alliance, has published a set of data: In 2018, the total number of cases of coronary heart disease in Chinese mainland has reached 915,256, an increase of nearly 160,000 cases compared with 2017, with a compound growth rate of 15.03% in the past five years. With the rapid growth of the number of cases of coronary intervention, people also put forward higher requirements for coronary stents. The price of domestic stents is about 8000 yuan to 12000 yuan; The price of imported stents is about 18,000 yuan to 20,000 yuan.

　　Although stent surgery can be partially reimbursed in recent years, the cost is still high for rural families.

　　A number of cardiovascular experts told the reporter of the Rule of Law Daily that the production process of domestic stents is completely comparable to that of imported stents, so most doctors will advise patients to use domestic stents, unless patients need special stent models or patients require them. Only then will doctors use imported stents.

　　"This time, the centralized procurement of the national medical insurance department chose coronary stents first ‘ Operation ’ The main reason is that coronary stents are widely used in clinic and belong to ‘ Moisture ’ A relatively large class of high-value consumables. " Wang Yue, a professor at Peking University College of Medical Humanities, said in an interview with the reporter of Rule of Law Daily.

　　It is understood that the cost of coronary stents is not high. In medical institutions, the price of more than 10,000 yuan is mostly concentrated in circulation.

　　Zhong Dongbo once told the media: "Although the average price of coronary stents is 13,000 yuan, the price actually packaged for agents is more than 2,000 yuan, and the middle part is completely the circulation cost. Now we have a large number of direct mining production enterprises with clear use expectations, so medical machinery companies don’t have to promote them. If this money is saved, there is still a fair and reasonable profit margin for enterprises, and it may be higher than the general industry. "

　　Liu Xin, director of the Medical Law and Ethics Research Center of China University of Political Science and Law, also explained: "The phenomenon of inflated medical device prices is relatively common, and the consumption of medical devices is small, and it is market pricing, so it is more a problem in the circulation field. The supply and demand of medical devices is one-way, and there is no market choice problem. Because after medical equipment enters the hospital, the hospital needs to use equipment when performing surgery on patients. It is great to have one or two manufacturers’ equipment in general hospitals. "

　　"Manufacturers produce certain medical devices, which are wholesaled by middlemen and finally enter the hospital. Therefore, in the intermediate link, the hospital’s bonus price can be limited, but other intermediate links can hardly be limited. And now there are many intermediate links, and every link is increasing the price. Many manufacturers may take some improper means to carry out marketing, so the price will go up, thus forming a phenomenon of high price. " Liu Xin said.

　　Innovating products and narrowing the gap

　　Domestic substitution squeezes out water

　　It is worth noting that expensive and high-value consumables are not only coronary stents, but why do coronary stents become the "pioneers" of national consumables collection?

　　The answer to this question implies a key logic of the medical device industry: domestic substitution.

　　According to industry insiders, the market share of domestic stents now exceeds 75%, and four head enterprises, Lepu Medical, Minimally Invasive Medical, Jiwei Medical and Sino Medical, occupy most of the market, and the proportion is quite stable.

　　At the same time, however, most medical devices and consumables are faced with the technology monopoly and patent control of foreign enterprises, and neither the regulatory authorities nor the downstream procurement have the right to choose. The proportion of domestic and imported specialized consumables in high-tech fields such as nerve interventional instruments, surgical robots and artificial joints is almost inverted. In addition to consumables, the field of high-end medical equipment is monopolized by foreign companies. 80% of the CT market, 90% of the ultrasonic instrument market and 90% of the magnetic resonance equipment are occupied by foreign brands.

　　High-performance MRI systems and high-end CT machines usually cost more than 5 million yuan, while high-performance equipment means clearer images. In the diagnosis of diseases such as tumors, a higher definition means that more detailed human tissue information can be seen. The gap of dozens of pixels can affect the doctor’s diagnosis of the disease.

　　"At present, most consumables in China can be made in China. Although there is still a certain gap in quality between domestic products and imported products, it is not entirely necessary to rely on foreign products. Perhaps only some consumables need to rely on foreign products. But in recent years, enterprises should really focus more on product innovation than on product promotion. Enterprises should reduce costs through product innovation and narrow the gap between their products and imported products. " Wang Yue said, but it doesn’t affect the pursuit of the lowest price, because drugs and consumables are too special and related to people’s life safety, and now the quality of drugs and consumables in China is uneven.

　　In recent years, the relevant state departments have launched a series of policies to try to squeeze out the "moisture" of high-value medical consumables.

　　In Liu Xin’s view, it is still difficult to squeeze out the "moisture" of high-value medical consumables, but it is not too difficult.

　　"The problem now is to restrict from hospitals, especially from the scope of medical insurance. This time, the behavior of the National Medical Insurance Bureau can effectively crowd out ‘ Moisture ’ , lower the price and form a virtuous circle. " Liu Xin said, "From a certain point of view, in the past, the health administrative department and the drug supervision department may even be a sharer of interests, so they will not promote the process. Now because it involves medical insurance funds, the medical insurance department has to move this cake. "

　　Liu Xin believes that this centralized procurement with quantity is a good sign, and through some administrative intervention, the "moisture" may be squeezed out.

　　Standardize the development of medical devices

　　Balance price and quality.

　　After the exposure of the bid price of coronary stent, some stent manufacturers immediately told the media that coronary stent is no longer a high-value consumable product, and even bluntly said that "the original in-hospital coronary stent market was about 12 billion yuan, but this time, the market size was reduced to less than 1 billion yuan. In the next five years, there may not be any innovative products in this market, and purchasing with quantity will crowd out the industry ‘ Moisture ’ , and now ‘ Floor price ’ There is also no room for innovation. "

　　In this regard, Liu Xin expressed disapproval. "The price of medical devices is set at such a high level, and it is not the right holder of medical devices who enjoys the price. From the perspective of rights protection, stents are the same as other patented products, and anyone can produce them after the patent protection period. From this perspective, it has little to do with invention and creation. As long as there is a patent protection mechanism, some people will invent and create. "

　　Wang Yue put forward another view: "The reduction of prices brought by centralized purchasing may lead to the failure to guarantee the reasonable profits of enterprises’ innovative research and development. The government collects a large number of purchase orders to exchange prices for quantity, and enterprises often have no way to deal with this horizontal group purchase, either out or promising low prices."

　　Wang Yue further analyzed that the current chaos in the industry is mainly commercial bribery, and the purpose of centralized procurement is to reduce unreasonable costs. But objectively speaking, the price reduction brought by centralized purchasing may lead to the failure to guarantee the reasonable profit of enterprise innovation and R&D, so centralized purchasing may not be the best purchasing method, but now there is no better solution, so it is a second best choice.

　　"Perhaps with the popularity of Internet drugs and consumables sales, it may gradually change from centralized procurement to decentralized procurement. When the inflated price of drugs or equipment is suppressed in a short period of time, it may be possible to find the best and reasonable balance point of prices through the transition from centralized procurement to decentralized procurement." Wang Yue said.

　　Wang Yue believes that there is indeed a problem with domestic drugs and consumables, that is, if the government’s centralized purchase price is not set, the price will be artificially high; If the centralized purchasing price is too low, there may be quality problems and innovation stagnation. Therefore, we should think about how to find a balance between the two.

　　Liu Xin believes that there are two aspects worthy of attention for the road to breaking the sky-high medical devices in the future:

　　First, hospitals should return to public welfare. The medical institutions sponsored by the government are non-profit medical institutions, but now these medical institutions are making profits under the banner of non-profit, because without government investment, if hospitals are not profitable, there is no way to pay employees, so the government should provide subsidies to the medical industry.

　　Second, we can restrict the circulation and production links through some other participation mechanisms, such as purchasing with quantity by drug supervision departments.

　　Wang Yue’s suggestion is that in addition to taking care of bribers, it is also necessary to take care of bribers. "The new law on medical practitioners has established a lifelong ban system for doctors. If commercial bribery is punished by administrative punishment and criminal responsibility is investigated, you can no longer register as a doctor in the future. Once the license is revoked, it will be revoked forever and you can no longer engage in this industry. "

　　Wang Yue also mentioned that at present, the income and treatment of medical staff are polarized, with the high being very high and the low being very low. The income gap of medical staff should be greatly reduced, especially between general practitioners and specialists.

　　"We should also encourage enterprises to sell directly, and even require production enterprises to sell directly. We are not allowed to engage in agency system, turn the current drug and consumables dealers into distributors, and transfer the moral hazard and legal responsibility of all circulation links to production enterprises through direct sales mode. Production enterprises generally dare not commit commercial bribery." Wang Yue said.

　　In addition, Wang Yue also suggested establishing a blacklist system for enterprises, blacklisting production and operation enterprises involved in bribery, and prohibiting sales within a few years.

Machine heart report

Machine zhixin editorial department

After writing articles and drawing pictures, the AI ​ ​ big model now has the ability to play games at the same time. I can’t help thinking, what kind of flowers can DeepMind’s agent Gato play in the future?

If a single sequence model can solve all tasks, it is a great thing, because this model reduces unnecessary troubles. However, it needs to increase the number and diversity of training data. In addition, the performance of this general model will be improved with the expansion of data and model. Historically, general models that are better at using computing will eventually surpass models that are specific to specific fields.

Today, inspired by large-scale language modeling, Deepmind applied similar methods to construct a single "generalist" agent Gato, which has the characteristics of multi-mode, multi-task and multi-embodiment.

Paper address: https://storage.googleAPIs.com/deepmind-media/a% 20generalist% 20agent/genericist% 20agent.pdf.

Gato can play Atari games, output subtitles to pictures, chat with others, stack building blocks with robotic arms and so on. In addition, Gato can also decide whether to output text, joint torque, button press or other token according to the context.

Unlike most agents playing games, Gato can play many games using the same training model without training for each game separately.

The training data set of Gato should be as extensive as possible, including different modes, such as images, texts, proprioception, joint torque, button pressing and other discrete and continuous observations and actions.

In order to be able to handle this multimodal data, Deepmind serializes all the data into a flat token sequence. In this representation, Gato can be trained and sampled from a large-scale language model similar to the standard. During deployment, the sampled token are combined into dialog responses, subtitles, button presses or other actions according to the context.

Wang Jun, a professor of computer science at UCL, told Machine Heart that DeepMind’s latest work combines reinforcement learning, computer vision and natural language processing. Although it follows the previous methods in technical thinking, it is not easy to map CV, NLP and RL into the same space and express them with a set of parameters.

Its positive significance lies in that it proves that the combination of CV, NLP and RL is feasible, and some problems of decision intelligence can be solved through sequence prediction. Considering that the current parameters of Gato model are only moderate, it will be of great significance to continue to explore in this direction and build a larger model.

However, the RL part of the Gato model only adopts the supervised learning method, which does not touch the real core of reinforcement learning-Reward design mechanism, and there is no multi-agent decision-making problem in the current task. Professor Wang Jun said that his team has done a lot of exploration on the decision-making model recently, including proving that multi-agent decision-making can also be a sequential model, and relevant results will be announced in the near future, so you are welcome to pay attention.

Gato agent details

In the training stage of Gato, data from different tasks and modes are serialized into flat token sequences, which are processed by a transformer neural network similar to a large language model for batch and other processing. Because the loss is masked, Gato only predicts action and text targets.

The following picture shows the training process of Gato.

When deploying Gato, prompts (such as demonstrations) are tokenised, forming an initial sequence. Then, the environment produced the first observation, which was tokenised and added to the sequence. Gato samples the motion vectors by autoregressive method, and only samples one token at a time.

Once all the token containing the action vectors are sampled (determined by the action specification of the environment), the actions are decoded and sent to the environment, and then new observations are gradually generated. Repeat this process. Gato model always looks at all previous observations and actions in the context window containing 1024 token.

The following figure shows the process of deploying Gato as a control policy.

In addition to various natural language and image data sets, Gato has also been trained on a large number of data sets containing the experience of agents in simulated and real environments.

Table 1 below shows the control data set for training Gato on the left and the visual and linguistic data set on the right. Sample weight indicates the average proportion of each data set in the training sequence batch.

Gato agent capability

The researchers summarized the performance of Gato when training on the above data. In other words, all the results of all tasks come from a single pre-training model with a set of weights. The fine-tuning results will be shown in the chapter "Experimental Analysis".

Analog control task

Figure 5 below shows the number of different control tasks performed by Gato above a given score threshold relative to the expert performance in Gato training data. Among them, the value on the x axis represents a specific percentage of the expert score, and 0 corresponds to the random agent performance. The y-axis represents the number of tasks when the average performance of the pre-training model is equal to or higher than a certain percentage.

The researchers report the performance as a percentage, where 100% corresponds to the experts of each task and 0% corresponds to the random strategy. For each simulation control task of the training model, they roll out Gato strategy 50 times in the corresponding environment and average the defined scores. As shown in the figure below, Gato performed more than 450 of the 604 tasks with an expert score threshold of over 50%.

In ALE Atari, Gato scored an average (or higher) score for human beings in 23 Atari games and twice the score for human beings in 11 games. Although the single-task online RL agent that generates data is still superior to Gato, it can be overcome by increasing capacity or using offline RL training instead of pure supervision. The researcher also introduced a professional single-domain ALE Atari agent, which scored better than humans in 44 competitions.

In BabyAI, Gato got more than 80% expert scores at almost all levels. For the most difficult task, BossLevel, Gato scored 75%. In contrast, the other two published benchmarks, BabyAI 1.0 and BabyAI 1.1, used 1 million demonstrations to train this single task, but their scores were only 77% and 90%.

In Meta-World, Gato scored more than 50% in 44 of the 45 tasks trained, more than 80% in 35 tasks and more than 90% in 3 tasks. On the standardized DM Control Suite, Gato scored more than 50% in 21 of 30 tasks and more than 80% in 18 tasks.

Robot benchmark evaluation

Remote operation from the first perspective can collect expert demonstrations. However, such demonstrations are slow and costly to collect. Therefore, the data-efficient behavior cloning method is desirable for training universal robot manipulators, and off-line pre-training has become a very dynamic research field. The researchers also evaluated Gato on the established RGB Stacking robot benchmark.

The skill generalization challenge of RGB Stacking robot benchmark tests the ability of agents to stack objects with shapes that have never been seen before. Agents are trained on a dataset containing episodes of robot stacked objects of various shapes. However, the triplets of five object shapes are not included in the training data, but are used as test triplets. The researchers evaluated the trained Gato for 200 rounds for each test triplet on the real robot.

The results in Table 2 below show that the success rate of Gato on each test triplet is equivalent to the benchmark of single task BC-IMP(filtered BC) proposed by Lee et al. (2021).

Text example

Gato agents can also generate basic dialogues and add subtitles (or descriptions) to images. Figure 6 below shows a representative example of Gato subtitling an image.

Figure 7 below shows some selected examples of plain text dialogue and communication.

experimental analysis

In Figure 8 below, DeepMind evaluated three different model sizes (measured by parameter count): 79M model, 364M model and 1.18B model (Gato). It can be concluded that under the same number of token, with the expansion of the model, the performance of the model will be improved.

Figure 10 below compares the success rate of Gato in different fine-tuning data mechanisms with that of sim-to-real experts and Critical-Regulated Regression (CRR) agents. The results are as follows: In reality and simulation (the red curves on the left and right respectively), Gato recovered the performance of experts with only 10 episodes, and reached the peak when fine-tuning data with 100 or 1000 episodes, surpassing the experts. After this point (at 5000), the performance will drop slightly, but it will not be far lower than that of experts.

Table 3 below shows the comparison results of Gato and BC-IMP.

Original link:

https://www.deepmind.com/publications/a-generalist-agent© THE END

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Original title: "DeepMind" generalist AI agent Gato is coming, multi-modal, multi-tasking, inspired by the big language model "

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1905 movie network news The film was released today, featuring powerful actors Dong Liu Hu, Cheng Yuanyuan, Li Zixiong, Ai Liya, etc., and presenting the current entrepreneurial story to the audience. The seven highlights of the film, from the theme, lineup and quality to the social significance conveyed by the film, comprehensively analyze the arduous road of starting a business in Wechat business.

Aspect 1: Focusing on the theme of Wechat business’s entrepreneurial story for the first time is expected.

The first cinema film "Big Wechat business" focusing on the theme of Wechat business tells the story of Liang Tian, an entrepreneurial youth, who is determined to forge ahead and transform from e-commerce to Wechat business through self-employment. From the perspective of ordinary entrepreneurs, the film interprets Eliza’s unusual entrepreneurial experience and shows the growth trajectory of Wechat business’s individuals in a panoramic view. After several ups and downs, Eliza still adhered to his faith and the principle of doing business in good faith, personally guided Wechat business entrepreneurs to establish a correct outlook on life and values, inspired Wechat business groups to make progress and bravely pursue their dreams, and paid tribute to the strugglers in the new era.

Aspect 2: mass entrepreneurship and innovation "entrepreneurship" has become a hot spot on the screen.

After the reform and opening up, the Internet industry in China has developed rapidly and has far-reaching influence. With the advent of the era of national entrepreneurship, the theme of entrepreneurship has also become the darling of film and television creation. Wechat business chose Wechat business as the breakthrough point, and used focus plane to show the arduous road of starting a business from the real economy to e-commerce and then transforming Wechat business. It can not only reflect the changing reality of e-commerce entrepreneurship, but also respond to the call of the times of "mass entrepreneurship and innovation".

Aspect 3: Old drama bones Li Zixiong and Ai Liya joined in to help "Great Wechat business"

In "Big Wechat business", Li Zixiong plays Eliza’s "Bole" boss. Ai Liya, a veteran actor, plays Eliza’s mother-in-law. In the filming process, the two opera bones not only set high standards for themselves, but also "preached and dispelled doubts" for the young actors in the group and shared valuable experiences. It is expected that a group of powerful actors will compete on the same stage.

Li Zixiong has created many classic characters, such as "Big Brother Cheng" and "Xi Rong". At the age of 27, he won the Best New Actor Award at the Hong Kong Film Awards for "The True Color of Heroes" and became one of the representatives of classic Hong Kong film villains. He has also been nominated for the Best Supporting Actor Award at the Hong Kong Film Awards and the Best Supporting Actor Award at the Taiwan Golden Horse Awards. In The Great Wechat business, Li Zixiong took off the label of "villain" and became a good boss of China, which was a surprise.

Ai Liya, the winner of the Golden Rooster Award and the China Watch Award, has successfully portrayed the roles of Bai Yufen in "The Big House Gate" and Mrs. Lou in "The Punisher of the Great Song Dynasty". I believe that the addition of Lao Xigu will add color to the film.

Aspect 4: Powerful actors Dong Liu Hu and Cheng Yuanyuan show empathy.

In the film "Big Wechat business", Dong Liu Hu plays Eliza, an entrepreneurial youth, and Cheng Yuanyuan plays Meng Rou, Eliza’s wife. She is a supporter of Eliza’s cause and a guide.

Dong Liu Hu, a powerful actor, was deeply loved by the audience for his roles in the self-made solo drama "Ugly Woman Invincible" by Hunan Satellite TV and the dynasty in "Young Bao Qingtian II". Eliza, the male actor in this film, is a promising young man. Determined to make progress, he wholeheartedly led the villagers to get rich together and finally realized his dream. Cheng Yuanyuan, an acting actor, was nominated as the best actor in Changchun International Film Festival for her role of Gu Qianqian in the new version of A Dream of Red Mansions. This time, their joint performance of the movie "Big Wechat business" has attracted a lot of discussion and attention.

Aspect 5: A team of thousands of people waded through the mountains just to restore the most authentic Wechat business.

The film "Big Wechat business" was filmed and produced by Hunan Film Channel, and the behind-the-scenes team crossed four provinces of Hunan, Jiangxi, Guangdong and Guangxi, trekking 5,000 kilometers. The 95-minute film works include the hard work of the creative team, including more than 120 professional photographers and 976 group performers, day and night. The attitude of striving for perfection behind filming is the basic attitude of entrepreneurs in this era and the attitude of every micro-businessman. Just like the theme expressed in the film, the industrious spirit of contemporary entrepreneurs, which is the same day and night, will deeply impress the audience.

Aspect 6: Wechat business’s inclusion in the e-commerce law "Greater Wechat business" responds to the call of the times

With the implementation of the "Electronic Commerce Law of the People’s Republic of China" on January 1st this year, more and more people began to pay attention to the industries in Wechat business. The film "Big Wechat business" was released under such an opportunity, which not only showed the audience the micro-businessmen with positive energy values, but also set a benchmark for young entrepreneurs in combination with the background of the implementation of national legislation, tore off the label of "three noes" for Wechat business, and made the rights and interests of consumers more secure. As the film’s release approaches, it is believed that it will surely lead Wechat business forward, encourage entrepreneurs to pursue their dreams bravely, and lead every ordinary person to contribute to the realization of the Chinese dream.

Aspect 7: "Great Wechat business" triggered a heated discussion in society to promote the positive energy of the Chinese dream "We are all dream catchers"

In the tide of the times when the country advocates "mass entrepreneurship and innovation", countless ordinary people realize their own values and spiritual pursuits through Wechat business’s entrepreneurship. As soon as The Great Wechat business was released, it triggered a heated discussion in the society, presenting the audience with the real road to entrepreneurship of contemporary youth through a unique perspective. The positive energy values exported by the film will also lead Wechat business to keep advancing, encourage entrepreneurs to bravely pursue their dreams, and become a bright light to illuminate young entrepreneurs. As Eliza said in the film: "We have the responsibility to make the 50 million micro-businessmen have a more sense of mission and positive energy, and realize our Chinese dream together."

The movie "Big Wechat business" has landed in the national cinema today.

Special feature of 1905 film network　 The information is too dense to understand? The second brush can consider the national version! Many viewers said in Weibo that Ershua hopes to choose.Mandarin dubbing version, by"Without the trouble of reading subtitles, you can focus on the plot and solving puzzles."

The dubbed version of Tenet Mandarin was translated by Changchun Film Studio, directed by Wang Xiaowei, and voiced by Zhao Xin, Meng Lingjun and Yang Ming respectively.

When it comes to translated films, most of us will recall the golden age of 1970s and 1980s. Zhang Yukun, Tong Zirong, Bi Ke, Liu Guangning, Xiang Juanshu and other voice actors of the older generation interpreted countless classic lines and roles, which constituted a common memory of the times for a generation.

Nowadays, with the change of the younger generation’s viewing habits, is the translated film no longer beautiful? How to make young audiences truly feel the charm of film dubbing art?

During the 15th Changchun Film Festival·China, we also made a special trip to Changying Translation Studio to get a close look at the charm of film translation under the leadership of the director Wang Xiaowei and the famous voice actor Lianhua Hu.

From Part One to Part 2666

Classics and inheritance of translated films

Entering the exhibition hall of Changchun Film Translation Studio, the shining number "2666" on the wall is particularly eye-catching.

As the birthplace of film translation in New China, Changying Translation Studio has translated 2,666 films from 50 countries since 1949.

Among them, there are not only Ordinary Soldier, the first translated film of New China, but also classic films such as Francis.

In recent years, the translation and distribution of Hollywood blockbusters such as Tenet are also produced by Changying Studio.

Lianhua Hu, a well-known voice actor, joined Changying Translation Studio in 1983 and has dubbed more than 1,100 films so far, including Roman Holiday, The Grinch in disguise and other classic works, which witnessed the golden age, development and inheritance of translated films.

Talking about the behind-the-scenes stories of the old translators such as Ordinary Soldier, what impressed Lianhua Hu most was the rigorousness, hard work and plain living professionalism of the voice actors of the older generation.

Because flammable film was used at that time, it was possible to catch fire after dubbing for more than three times, which also put forward extremely high requirements for actors: they must "recite their lines backwards" without a word or a mouth shape.

Before the official dubbing, actors have to recite words, write personal feelings, analyze roles, polish them for months or even half a year, and some even take bedrolls and live directly in the dubbing shed.

Zhang Yukun, the late famous voice artist who once voiced the leading actor of Ordinary Soldier, once recalled, "I read the lines to the original film over and over again. But I can’t be right. I’m so anxious in winter that I’m sweating. The more anxious I am, the more wrong I am. After repeated attempts, I finally found some tips. "

Most of the older generation of voice actors have no professional foundation, but without exception, they all have the spirit of being willing to endure hardships and study hard, and have explored the doorway of voice-over step by step.

"This is also a revolutionary tradition passed down from generation to generation. Seventy-five years ago, a group of people dressed in homespun uniforms walked from Yan ‘an in northern Shaanxi for more than four months to meet in Changchun, Jilin, to build changchun film studio. This spirit of hard work and simplicity has been adhered to and passed down by Changying Factory. " Lianhua Hu said.

Nowadays, many imported films leave very little time for translation work in order to catch up with the schedule, but Changying has always continued the fine tradition of the film era, and will still organize everyone to watch movies together, analyze roles, try to figure out emotions, and do their homework before dubbing.

Wang Xiaowei, director of Changying Translation Factory, said that the dubbing work of translation producers often needs to work overtime, but no matter whether the actors are old or young, they have no complaints.

"It is common for them to stay in the shed for several hours, ten hours or so. It seems that their life is just in a small room, facing a microphone, but they completely integrate themselves into the film and feel the charm of light, shadow and sound. Macroscopically speaking, this is a career, and microscopically speaking, this is a career. "

Break the stereotype

How to break through the translation?

On the one hand, the dedication and persistence of voice actors, on the other hand, it is an indisputable fact that the market of Chinese-made translation films is shrinking.

In Tenet, for example, there are only 13 cinemas in Beijing showing dubbed versions of Mandarin, most of which are located in suburbs or are not popular cinemas in business districts. This is also the general situation of Chinese-translated films.

On the one hand, the prosperity of subtitle groups has made the younger generation have already developed the habit of listening to the original sound and watching subtitles. Many young viewers believe that the original sound version is more original.

In recent years, a series of "translated tunes" represented by "my old buddy", "you damn it" and "Oh, my God" are often compiled into paragraphs and become the object of netizens’ spit, which also makes many viewers stereotype the "translated films".

In this regard, Lianhua Hu said that in today’s translation work, the first thing is to keep pace with the times and get rid of the "dubbing cavity". "We should use a more grounded language expression, because the film itself is a cultural commodity, and only when we share the same fate with the current audience can we have room for survival."

On the other hand, due to the rush of importing films, the time left for dubbing is often very limited. Time is tight, and the task has become the normal work of this industry.

When dubbing, Peisi Chen once "complained" that the "White Rabbit" was recorded for only one day, lacking sufficient preparation time, and he was "too old to keep up with the strength behind".

Cao Lei, a famous voice actor who participated in the dubbing, also said at the press conference that the dubbing time was relatively hasty, and he had never seen the whole English film, only the fragments of this role.

According to Wang Xiaowei, many Hollywood blockbusters have only a week to 15 days left for translation. After translation, the dubbing director has to "agree", lip-synch a little and adjust his lines. The time really left for voice actors is often only 10 hours.

"At first, everyone didn’t adapt, and felt that time was too short to be finely polished, but we are constantly adjusting our mentality to adapt to this concept of time." Wang Xiaowei said.

In addition, the script and translation level are also important factors affecting the quality of translated films.

Jia Xiuyan, who has translated Hollywood blockbusters, once quoted a famous translator Fu Lei as saying: "Translation is like painting" and thought that "a good translation should be like copying a painting, and the pursuit is not in the form, but in the spirit."

However, at present, film translation is more at the level of "similarity", and it can only be as accurate as possible, but it is still slightly inferior in language color and artistry. Palace-level translation, which can be compared with Mr. Sun Daolin’s classic dubbing clips in his early years, is hard to find.

Happily, in recent years, many high-quality Chinese films have emerged. In the creation of DreamWorks, it is the first time that DreamWorks attempts to remake the mouth shape for foreign language countries and tailor-made dubbing versions.

Not only did we set up a Chinese dubbing team including screenwriter, director and creative consultant, but it also took eight months to polish the localized script and adjust the mouth shape, and finally received good feedback from the audience.

The Chinese-American co-production animation released last year not only showed the scenery of China to the world and told the story of China, but also invited Zifeng Zhang, Chen Feiyu, Wan Qian and Cai Ming to form an all-star dubbing lineup, which was well received.

The dubbed version of Mandarin Chinese has landed in 4,000 cinemas in the United States, delivering the original "China voice" to the world.

Wang Xiaowei said that the future development of Changying Translation Studio will be "multi-legged", not only to do a good job in the translation and distribution of cinema films, but also to continue to maintain cooperation with film channels, and at the same time actively try to dub TV dramas, cartoons and even radio dramas. "I want to turn them into a team that is versatile in all kinds of works, so as to have better development."

In recent years, with the rise of Guoman, the popularity of dubbing programs and the popularity of dubbing software, many dubbing actors have also gone from behind the scenes to "in front of the stage", which has won more attention and respect for the whole industry while gaining fans and applause.

In Japan and Europe, where the film market is highly developed, a large proportion of dubbed films are still released every year, and excellent dubbing actors and seiyuu also have excellent income and high social status, which proves that translated films, as an art form of "re-creation", have their value and significance and will not die out with time.

Polishing the works with meticulous creative attitude, so that the dubbed version can display the unique charm of China language, will definitely make more audiences regain their love for the translated films.

Cctv news "The cause of flowers is noble, and the cause of fruits is sweet. Let me do the cause of leaves, because the cause of leaves is ordinary and humble." This is Hugo’s words quoted by Cao Zhengyun, and it is also a portrayal of his 40-year teaching career.

In 1967, he came from Beijing to Pingshun to jump the queue, which made his home here. In 1976, he became a teacher in Pingshun Middle School. In 40 years, he gave up the opportunity to return to Beijing, stuck to this barren and simple land, and devoted all his youth to this beautiful county, from black-haired youth to white-haired old man, just for the dream of Yuanshanliwa flying out of the mountains.

At that time, how difficult it was for Shanliwa to enter the university! When sixty pairs of intense eyes stared at him from the audience, Cao Zhengyun clearly read that it was a desire to get out of the mountains, a trust entrusted by future and happiness. That year, the whole class he took got good grades: student Chen Chunxi missed Peking University by 2 points and was admitted to Beihang University. The number of students in the whole class who reached the second line doubled compared with the previous year.

In September 2004, Cao Zhengyun, who served as the office director and Chinese teacher of Pingshun Middle School for more than 20 years, retired from the middle-level leadership position. The school continues to arrange for him to take the place of senior three, and the workload is even greater than that of young people. Cao Zhengyun, who is over 60 years old, is as energetic as ever, and his spirit is even better than that of that year, just as he discussed with students and classmates more than 30 years ago. His students were admitted to Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, China Shiyou University, China Geo University, beijing university of chemical technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Yanshan University, Dalian Maritime University, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University and other famous universities.

For decades, how many students Cao Zhengyun has taught, he can’t remember. Far away from the other side of the ocean, among the doctoral students of Stanford University, a famous American institution of higher learning, there are his carefully cultivated seedlings, and the students he personally instructed at the vast Gobi Desert missile launch base are vigorous …

Cao Zhengyun has no grandiloquence. He knows that Smooth lacks talents and needs talents. Smooth and poor, the government has difficulties, and schools have difficulties. Sharing worries for the party and relieving difficulties for the people, Communist party member should do its part.

There have been several schools that paid a lot of money to poach him, and even relatives, "San Gu Cao Lu", advised him to quit, but Cao Zhengyun declined gracefully. In his view, no matter how high the remuneration and thick the treatment are, they can’t compare with the sincere and simple greetings from all directions on Teacher’s Day.

Not moved by poverty or wealth, Cao Zhengyun stuck to a teacher’s pure initial heart for 40 years, burning himself and illuminating Shanliwa’s dream road. What he shows is the dedication and loftiness of a real teacher. Let’s say to him sincerely: Thank you!

1905 movie network news A few days ago, there was a shooting accident on the set of a new film being filmed. In the scene of a glass explosion, the explosion was out of the control of the staff, and some broken glass flew to the actor, causing the latter to be injured.

It is reported that jennifer lawrence had an accident when he was filming opposite Timothée Chalamet, a "sweet tea". At present, Lawrence has been sent to the hospital and filming has been stopped. However, there is no specific report on Lawrence’s injury at present.

Big Cousin, Little Plum, Don’t Look Up, Reuters.

Movie "Don’t look up.There is a strong irony in the story. Two astronomers found that a meteorite is about to destroy the earth, and they must warn the general public who don’t believe this situation. Director MacKay said: "Let’s face it, we live in a crazy era. There are many changes and turbulence, some of which are good and some are terrible. We hope to show this upside-down era with different new partners, new ideas and new projects, stimulate the audience’s interest, and produce movies, TV, streaming media or other content with big events."

Jennifer lawrence won the 85th Best Actress.

Like many of McKay’s films,Don’t look up."also harvested a large number of star actors to join. In addition to the above two, the US team,,, and, Ariana Grande,,, and others. According to the plan, the film will be produced and distributed under Netflix. MacKay said that this new film will have a black satirical story on campus in a style similar to "The Tail-wagging Dog".

The Beijing News (Reporter Ni Wei) It has been more than a year since the Beijing municipal administrative center moved into the city sub-center. How is this axis-aligned, Chinese-Western integrated building group used? Zhu Xiaodi, chief designer of the first phase of the administrative office area of the sub-center, recently told the Beijing News reporter that the office area is running well and can be regarded as a representative office building of the China government.

Zhu Xiaodi is the chief architect of Beijing Architectural Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd., and also a famous architect in China. He has participated in urban construction for more than 30 years, designed famous buildings such as SOHO Modern City, Shenzhen Cultural Center and "Landscape Tower", and also participated in a series of old city renewal projects such as No.222 West Polishing Factory Street and Beijing Square.

In view of the protection and renovation of the old city and the reuse of old factories, Zhu Xiaodi believes that they are actually facing some same issues, such as introducing social resources to balance the contradiction between input and return, and paying attention to functional positioning and industrial planning, so that industries suitable for specific spaces can develop continuously for a long time.

[Profile] Zhu Xiaodi, chief designer of the first phase of the administrative office area of the city sub-center. Zhu Xiaodi is the chief architect of Beijing Architectural Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd., and also a famous architect in China. He has participated in urban construction for more than 30 years, designed famous buildings such as SOHO Modern City, Shenzhen Cultural Center and "Landscape Tower", and also participated in a series of old city renewal projects such as No.222 West Polishing Factory Street and Beijing Square. Beijing News reporter Hou Shaoqing photo

The first phase of the administrative office area of the city sub-center is running well.

Beijing News:The first phase of the administrative office area of the sub-center has been stationed for a whole year. How to evaluate the operation of this year? Has the original design idea been fully realized?

Zhu Xiaodi:The administrative office area of the sub-center is not only a modern building complex, but also a cultural image and symbol to face the future. The most fundamental thing is the exchange, collision, communication and integration of eastern and western cultures.

The main buildings in the first phase of the administrative office area are arranged in the way of north-south counterpoint and east-west symmetry, which plays the role of "distinguishing the square from the square". Through the layout of axis alignment, the building forms a complete and reasonable community. At the same time, it also integrates the experience and wisdom of all aspects of contemporary urban construction in technology.

The first phase of the building is integrated with the surrounding squares, greening, lighting, indicating and guiding systems, etc. Now, it seems that the overall operation is relatively good. The government office building in China is a unique type. In this type, I think the first phase of the administrative office area of the sub-center should be representative.

Government office buildings also have their own characteristics, such as the basic use of north-south direction. Then the south direction is different from the north direction, and the low-rise and high-rise offices. For example, the lighting in the north direction is not as good as that in the south direction, but it is impossible to make a single corridor. On the one hand, it is too wasteful, and it will also bring problems of heat insulation and cold protection, and the energy loss is great.

The adaptive industrial function is limited, so the protection of the old city should pay attention to the functional orientation.

Beijing News:Last year, you participated in the planning of an exhibition "Born in the Old", which showed the achievements of Beijing’s old city renewal in the past ten years, as well as international and domestic urban renewal cases. What was the purpose?

Zhu Xiaodi:Last year was the 10th anniversary of beijing design week and the 10th anniversary of Design Week’s participation in Beijing’s urban renewal. Taking this opportunity, the exhibition is not only a professional summary in the industry, but also a demonstration of the old city protection experience including Beijing, with the goal of achieving better results in Beijing’s next urban renewal.

In fact, during the renewal of the old city, a number of well-known works designed by architects emerged, which became the focus of social attention, or a "punch card" place, and there were award-winning projects at home and abroad.

The renovation of a small courtyard may be only a few hundred square meters, but it has attracted great attention from the society and even the international attention, which shows that the protection of the old city is not only a specific problem of housing renovation and renewal, but also a social problem to be considered and solved. These buildings themselves are also representative attempts, which will play a role in the protection and renewal of the old city.

Beijing News:What is the more important work besides these eye-catching designs for the protection and renewal of the old city?

Zhu Xiaodi:The old city of Beijing is composed of many traditional quadrangles and residential courtyard units, with a very large area and quantity. It is impossible to form a wide-ranging development trend in a short time simply by the work of architects.

To really protect and update the old city and achieve certain results in a short time, I think the most important thing is the pre-work, that is, to do a good job in project planning and functional positioning, and even later operation.

When we look ahead, we will find that the industries, functions and resources that can really adapt to the old city space are still very limited. For example, the spatial pattern of the old city is relatively narrow, which is different from the functional needs of modern cities; The lack of adaptability of traditional buildings to cold and hot weather conditions will also affect their use. On the other hand, there are still some problems in the old city, such as transportation, housing rent and so on, and the functions and formats that can remain in such a space for long-term development are very limited.

Especially in the East and West Cities, once a large number of courtyard spaces are sorted out, once there is a lack of functional resources, space will form competition, and it is also a waste to handle it badly. Therefore, I think that although the architects’ designs may have their own styles, they will find that the architectural style does not have the uniqueness of rational use of functions, and this is the difficulty, and even they will face secondary transformation. Therefore, in order to effectively protect and update, it is necessary to do a good job in the later operation.

The investment in old city renewal is large and the return is slow, so social resources should be encouraged to enter.

Beijing News:Will this also involve whether the investment and return of the old city renewal project can form a virtuous circle?

Zhu Xiaodi:At present, there are some policy constraints and management system constraints, which are basically supported by the government or state-owned assets. Imagine that if the government has invested heavily, it will be difficult to continue to support it one day, because the cost is very large and it will continue to invest. I think there is still a breakthrough, giving full play to the role of social resources in the protection and renewal of the old city and the role of indigenous people.

Beijing News:In recent years, Beijing’s annual key work arrangements will mention the requirements of strengthening the overall protection of the old city, protecting the texture of hutongs and quadrangles. What suggestions do you have?

Zhu Xiaodi:Beijing’s new master plan mentions that the old city can no longer be demolished. This sentence extends a little understanding. Is it possible to determine the service life of the old city buildings or the ownership and use rights of houses for a long time?

The design service life of newly-built residential buildings and the transfer life of the right to use are stipulated, 70 or 50 years. We propose that the old city can no longer be demolished, so should the service life of the old city buildings and the service life of private owners be more clearly defined? This will give a clear signal to the society that the return generated by the input cost can be shared over a longer period of time, which will help social capital and individuals to invest more actively in the protection and utilization of old buildings.

Otherwise, everyone is waiting, and the aborigines may also have such considerations, fearing that they will move one day, thus forming a state of making do and making do. Individual homeowners may give up the renovation plan and let it decline because they don’t know how many years they can live here. I think we should not only play the role of the government or state-owned assets, but also give full play to the enthusiasm of house owners, users and even all aspects of society to participate in the protection of the old city.

Old factories need to be filled with suitable formats to form industrial concentration.

Beijing News:Beijing is currently promoting the transformation of old factories into cultural parks. As of September last year, the city has sorted out 774 old factories, including 248 in the sixth district of the city. What is the uniqueness of this space resource of old factories?

Zhu Xiaodi:Whether it is the old city or the industrial heritage, architecture should play a specific role. Why do we like industrial heritage space? Because the industrial heritage is closer to the life of modern people, working in such a space can make you feel more about the historical development process. In fact, the concepts of the future, fashion and design are discussed above, which are not realistic things, so we need such a space to do it and stimulate imagination.

The old factories in Beijing still have the problems mentioned above. I think the difficulty lies here in what kind of format can adapt to and fully fill the constantly developed space. For example, some factories focus on the film industry, while others focus on the design industry. With positioning, industrial concentration can be better formed, thus developing on a large scale. This may be a problem that needs to be solved now, otherwise resources will be wasted.

Beijing News:Suzhou, Hangzhou and other cities are now facing the problem of old city protection and renewal. Why do major cities concentrate on this stage?

Zhu Xiaodi:Since 2012, China society has entered a new stage of development, from the high-speed development in the past to the medium-high-speed development, and the whole society has to transform from the incremental development stage to the stock development stage.

At this stage, the space for the incremental development of urban space has narrowed. For example, some megacities have demarcated the boundaries of urban development, and urban leaders should pay more attention to how the stock resources can fill the shortcomings. In the process of rapid development for decades, some problems and contradictions remain very obvious. If the problems are not solved, the incremental development will be curbed, and the population attraction and urban vitality will be reduced.

Then these stocks are reflected in the old city renewal problem, the old community problem, industrial heritage protection and so on. Government departments should realize that in the process of transferring incremental development into stock development, they should make full use of the existing incremental development bonus. Once this bonus disappears, stock development will lose its momentum, because it is impossible to invest without money. Unlike incremental development, stock development is a continuous and overlapping process.

The stricter the planning, the more dialogue is needed to supplement it.

Beijing News:In the implementation of urban planning, how can all forces participate in urban construction?

Zhu Xiaodi:The stricter the planning, the more dialogue mechanisms are needed to supplement it, so as to ensure that the public interests of the city are reflected in the urban public space and the space can get more sustainable development.

For example, building the ground floor overhead, adding some arcades along the street, giving space to the city, and making the venues of some projects available for public use can all reflect the friendly and open situation of single building projects to the city, which should be encouraged more in urban planning.

How to encourage it specifically? It may be necessary to balance interests. For example, if the ground floor is overhead, is it allowed to be built higher? Green space is open to the public, can you get some fees? Otherwise, every builder will be surrounded by walls, and the city will become more and more blocked and narrower. I think that in the process of planning implementation, more multi-faceted and multi-level dialogues can make the use of urban space more diverse and rich.

Beijing News:How do people have a say in the public space around them?

Zhu Xiaodi:The urban dialogue platform marks the maturity of urban management and also reflects the relationship between the city and the people. For example, some street parks and pocket parks, which are closely related to people’s lives, should listen to the opinions of the people more. In fact, it can be more targeted for architects to design.

For example, some communities are seriously aging, and public spaces need more sunshine, leisure and communication to meet the needs of the elderly. Design should pay more attention to these needs and give some strategies, instead of simply making a concept and a design. The purpose is to attract everyone’s attention or to do more practical work.

Beijing News reporter Ni Wei cooperation reporter Hou Shaoqing

Editor Chen Si proofreads Wei Zhuo.

　　China Weather Network News After the "empty platform" in July, there have been many typhoons recently. Since August, four typhoons have been generated in the northwest Pacific Ocean and the South China Sea, among which Typhoon Hagupit No.4 and Typhoon Mikla No.6 have successively landed in the coastal areas of Yueqing, Zhejiang and Zhangpu, Fujian. So, is there a time rule for typhoon activities? When is the craziest? Where does it prefer to land? China Weather Network specially studied the big data from 1949 to 2019, and analyzed various "preferences" of typhoons.

　　China is prone to typhoons from July to September.

　　From the time of typhoon activity, typhoons may occur in the northwest Pacific and the South China Sea all year round. In China, the time range of typhoon landing is also very wide. Except for January to March, typhoons land in other months. According to the distribution of landfall in each month, the time of typhoon landing in China is mainly concentrated in summer and autumn, and the most concentrated period is from July to September.

　　According to meteorological big data, from 1949 to 2019, there were 130 typhoons landing in China in July and August, and the number of landings in September was 122, accounting for 78% of the year.

　　Typhoon "favors" Guangdong most.

　　According to meteorological big data, from 1949 to 2019, a total of 491 typhoons landed in China. From the landing place of typhoons, they can be "captured" from Sanya in Hainan in the south and Yingkou in Liaoning in the north. However, the landing sites for typhoons are Guangdong, Taiwan Province, Fujian and Hainan, among which Guangdong is the most popular.

　　Statistics show that in the past 71 years, a total of 189 typhoons landed in Guangdong. Because some typhoons landed many times, these 189 typhoons landed in Guangdong for 194 times, and the number and times of typhoons landing in Guangdong were the first in the country. The typhoon landed in Taiwan Province, Fujian and Hainan for more than 100 times.

　　In addition, there are typhoons "landing" in northern China. According to the statistical data from 1949 to 2019, there were 14 typhoons landing on the coast of Shandong and 6 typhoons landing on the coast of Liaoning. Among them, the 11th typhoon "Winnie" in 1997 landed in Yingkou, Liaoning on August 21st, 1997, which was the northernmost typhoon landing in China.

　　Hebei, Beijing, Jilin, Heilongjiang and other places have all been affected by the low pressure after typhoon weakening, the cloud system around the typhoon or the temperate cyclone after typhoon denaturation, and even typhoons have passed through.

　　Hualien, Taiwan is the most vulnerable county and city to typhoon in China.

　　From the specific landing point, Hualien, Taiwan is the county and city most vulnerable to typhoons in China. According to meteorological big data, there were as many as 37 typhoons landing in Hualien from 1949 to 2019. Wenchang and Wanning in Hainan, Taitung and Yilan in Taiwan, Xuwen and Yangjiang in Guangdong are also "typhoon-attracting" areas, and the number of typhoons landing has reached or exceeded 20.

　　Shao Peng, a meteorologist of China Weather Network, explained that although Guangdong is the most vulnerable province to typhoons, its coastline is long and there are many coastal counties and cities, while there are only a few counties and cities along the eastern coast of Taiwan Province and Hainan. On average, the number of typhoon landings in each county and city along the Guangdong coast will be relatively less, but the counties and cities along the eastern coast of Taiwan Province and Hainan are more frequently attacked by typhoons.

　　Among the counties and cities along the eastern coast of Taiwan Province, Hualien is the most vulnerable to typhoons, which is also closely related to its geographical location. Because the overall path of typhoons landing in Taiwan Province is northerly, Hualien, which is located in the north and occupies a long coastline, has thus become the most vulnerable area to typhoons.

　　The typhoons landing in China vary greatly from year to year.

　　According to meteorological big data, from 1949 to 2019, there were 1918 typhoons generated in the Pacific Northwest and the South China Sea, with an average of 27 typhoons generated each year, with an average of 6.9 typhoons landing in China each year. However, the generation and landing of typhoons do not follow the average law every year, but show great interannual changes.

　　In the year with many typhoons, 40 typhoons were generated in 1967; In 1998 and 2010, there were only 14 typhoons.

　　Judging from the number of landings each year, there are also great differences between years. The year when typhoons landed in China was 1971, and 12 typhoons landed in China. The years when typhoons landed in China were the least in 1950 and 1951, and only three typhoons landed.

　　The proportion of typhoons and strong tropical storms landing in China is the highest.

　　In terms of intensity, the typhoon landing in China is the strongest tropical storm, accounting for 31.2%; The proportion of typhoons and tropical storms is not small, accounting for 30.3% and 21.4% respectively; The number of strong typhoon and super typhoon landing in China is 63 and 21 respectively, accounting for 12.8% and 4.3% respectively.

　　Strong typhoons and super typhoons prefer to land in August-September, especially in September. According to meteorological big data, from 1949 to 2019, there were 122 typhoons that landed in China in September, of which 25 were strong typhoons and 7 were super typhoons, accounting for 26.2%. The proportion of strong typhoons and above when landing was the highest in each month.

　　Rammasun is the strongest typhoon that landed in China since 1949.

　　In the past 71 years, there were 21 typhoons landing in China with super typhoon level. Among them, when the No.9 typhoon "rammasun" landed in Wenchang, Hainan in 2014, the maximum wind force near the center reached 70 m/s, which was the strongest typhoon landing in China since 1949. Moreover, after landing in Hainan, rammasun continued to land in Guangdong and Guangxi, causing 7.423 million people and 4.685 million hectares of crops in 59 counties and cities in Hainan, Guangdong and Guangxi to be affected. The direct economic loss was about 26.55 billion yuan, and Nanning and other cities were waterlogged and seriously damaged.

　　In addition, when the No.8 typhoon "Opal" in 1962, No.12 typhoon "Wanda" in 1956, No.8 typhoon "Sang Mei" in 2006 and No.14 typhoon "Marge" in 1973 landed in China, the maximum winds near the center all reached 60 m/s and above. Together with "rammasun", these four typhoons became the top five in the typhoon power list.

　　Typhoons always come with wind and rain, which is extremely destructive. Before the arrival of typhoons, coastal residents should pay attention to defending against typhoons, especially strengthening their awareness of self-protection.

　　When a typhoon strikes, be sure to pay close attention to the typhoon dynamics and avoid going to the typhoon-affected areas; If the residential area is already in the typhoon-affected area, it is necessary to pay attention to cleaning the flowerpots on the external windows, the hanging objects on the balcony, etc., and reinforce the doors and windows in advance to avoid going out when the typhoon comes; When you have to go out, you should also pay attention to stay away from dangerous areas, such as near billboards, dangerous old houses and low-lying areas in mountainous areas. (Text/Zhang Hui Design/Chen Yujie Data Support/Shao Peng Audit/Yu Xiaofen Feng Wei Liu Wenjing Liu Hongxin)

　　Note: The typhoon data in this paper only count tropical storms and above.

Three insurances and one gold: a comprehensive guide to payment and use

In today’s society, three insurances and one gold are very important for every worker. Three insurances and one fund include endowment insurance, medical insurance, unemployment insurance and housing accumulation fund. So, how should they be paid and used?

First of all, let’s learn about the payment method.

The payment of endowment insurance is usually shared by units and individuals according to a certain proportion. The proportion of unit contributions is generally 16%, and the proportion of individual contributions is 8%. The specific payment base will be determined according to local regulations and personal salary level.

The payment of medical insurance is also divided into two parts: units and individuals. The unit contribution ratio is about 6% to 10%, and the individual contribution ratio is generally 2%.

Unemployment insurance, the unit contribution ratio is usually 0.5% to 1%, and the individual contribution ratio is generally 0.5%.

The proportion of housing provident fund payment is between 5% and 12%, which is also paid by units and individuals.

Let’s take a look at how they are used.

After reaching the statutory retirement age and accumulating payment for a certain number of years, you can receive a monthly pension to provide protection for your later life.

Medical insurance can be used to pay medical expenses such as outpatient service, hospitalization and drug purchase, thus reducing the medical burden.

Unemployment insurance can receive unemployment insurance benefits for a certain period of time when employment is interrupted without my will.

The housing accumulation fund is mainly used for purchasing, building and renovating self-occupied housing, or repaying the principal and interest of housing loans.

Here is a table to compare their payment and use characteristics more clearly:

The correct payment and use of three insurances and one gold has many characteristics.

For individuals, it provides a stable guarantee, so that you can rely on it when facing problems such as old-age care, medical care and unemployment. At the same time, the housing provident fund also helps to realize the housing dream.

For enterprises, paying three insurances and one gold according to law is helpful to attract and retain talents and enhance the competitiveness and image of enterprises.

It should be noted that local policies may be different, and the specific payment and use regulations shall be subject to local laws, regulations and policies.

In a word, understanding and correctly handling the payment and use of "three insurances and one fund" is of great significance for personal life planning and security, as well as the stable development of enterprises.

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