In recent years, artificial intelligence technology represented by deep learning and reinforcement learning has expanded from engineering fields such as language translation, image recognition and industrial automation to economic and financial fields such as intelligent production, intelligent agriculture, intelligent logistics, macro-economic monitoring of big data, and quantitative investment and research, which can be said to be widely used.

Artificial intelligence technology has the inherent advantage of dealing with high-dimensional data, and can avoid many limitations of traditional analysis methods by means of representation learning, value function approximation and feature selection, and obtain better prediction and decision-making effects. In order to make artificial intelligence technology achieve satisfactory prediction and decision-making results, researchers often need to invest a lot of data resources. This technical feature makes data resources a key factor of production. With the popularization of big data, intelligence, mobile Internet and cloud computing, artificial intelligence technology, as the underlying technology to provide information products and services, is also the key to the gradual transformation of industrial economy to digital economy.

　　What is the artificial intelligence algorithm?

　　Artificial intelligence algorithms can be roughly divided into supervised learning, unsupervised learning and reinforcement learning. Among them, supervised learning learns laws from human experience through continuous training programs (models). In this kind of machine learning, researchers will constantly adjust model parameters by marking data to achieve learning purposes. Similar to parents will show their children different colors, sizes and even kinds of apples, and teach children to know "never seen" apples. This is the purpose of supervised learning: out-of-sample prediction.

　　Unsupervised learning enables the machine to extract features directly from the existing data and compress the information for other tasks through training programs. Like traditional principal component analysis, high-dimensional features can be approximated by low-dimensional vectors. For example, we can use principal component analysis technology to compress pictures to save storage space. Therefore, this kind of machine learning algorithm does not need previous experience, and is also called unsupervised learning.

　　Of course, the relationship between unsupervised learning and supervised learning is not contradictory to each other, and we can also use semi-supervised learning algorithm for data with partial labels. For example, the recently popular antagonistic neural network — — We can use this algorithm to learn a series of Oracle Bone Inscriptions, so that it can generate a number of "Oracle Bone Inscriptions" which is enough to confuse the false with the true, but never represents any meaning, which is equivalent to a calculation program that "paints a tiger as a tiger" but doesn’t know it is a tiger.

　　 In addition, reinforcement learning is different from the above (none, half) supervised learning algorithm. Reinforcement learning is an extension of dynamic optimization, while (none, half) supervised learning is closer to statistics. Reinforcement learning can maximize the cumulative benefits of intelligent programs by making them constantly interact with the environment and adjusting the decision parameters (processes) of intelligent programs. Reinforcement learning is the machine learning algorithm closest to human decision-making process, which is similar to letting an agent perceive the world infinitely and quickly, and optimizing its decision-making process through its own failure or success experience. In this process, computer programs do not need teachers so much. Of course, intensive learning cannot be completely separated from supervised learning. For example, AlphaGo is a computing program trained by means of intensive learning, but in the first stage of AlphaGo training, researchers used a large number of human players’ chess manuals for AlphaGo to imitate learning, where human experience is similar to that of teachers; However, in ZeroGo, an upgraded version of AlphaGo, imitation learning has been completely abandoned.

　　 In order to make artificial intelligence algorithms universally applicable, we often need a lot of data, computing power and effective computing algorithms. A large amount of data is equivalent to hiring a knowledgeable teacher to guide the computer program, and high computing power will give the computer program the ability to learn knowledge faster. An important direction in the field of artificial intelligence research is to continuously develop computing algorithms that can make more effective use of existing data and computing power, which is equivalent to providing better learning methods and paths for computer programs. Therefore, data annotation, cloud computing, chip design and algorithm development are the core parts of the artificial intelligence industry.

　　What impact does artificial intelligence technology have on social economy?

　　 In fact, artificial intelligence technology originated as a discipline in 1950s, for example, McCarthy and others, the "father of artificial intelligence", proposed artificial intelligence in 1950s; The decision tree model originated from 1950s to 1960s, while the neural network model and Q-learning reinforcement learning algorithm, which are widely used at present, originated from 1980s. However, if artificial intelligence technology wants to reach the accuracy of human decision-making, it needs a lot of training (experience) data and high computing power, so it was not until 2000 that artificial intelligence technology was able to achieve leap-forward development.

　　With the blessing of a large amount of data and high computing power, some artificial intelligence technologies can replace humans to make large-scale accurate decisions, and also replace more and more manual jobs. Judging from the current impact, on the one hand, the application of machine learning has indeed replaced some traditional labors, resulting in the labor crowding-out effect: automated robots tend to make the production process unmanned, natural language processing technology can better complete most of the translation and even information extraction, and machine learning algorithms can even more accurately characterize the properties of small molecular compounds, thus reducing the labor and time consumption required for large-scale repetitive work to some extent.

　　 On the other hand, like previous technological revolutions, the rise of machine learning has not only improved social production efficiency, but also created new jobs for society. Since the birth of the industrial revolution, steam turbines have replaced grooms and coachmen, spinning machines have replaced textile workers, wired telephones and wireless telegrams have replaced postmen, and electronic computers have replaced hand-operated computers, saving a lot of manual calculations. However, it should be noted that every scientific and technological progress has not caused a large number of social unemployment, but will change the original social production organization structure and produce new formats by improving the production efficiency and technological innovation of traditional industries. Scientific and technological progress not only changes the production technology of industrial enterprises, but also changes the work content of traditional industries, resulting in new job demands.

　　Like any other technological innovation, machine learning technology has different degrees of influence on different industries and different positions. For those who are engaged in production processes, the impact of machine learning is undoubtedly subversive. However, for those positions that need overall planning, innovation and interaction, machine learning can not make a significant impact at the current stage.

　　In addition, we also need to realize that artificial intelligence algorithms still cannot reach the level of "intelligence". Any technology is accompanied by security risks, and so are artificial intelligence algorithms. For example, most supervised learning algorithms do not have a clear logic generation process, which not only prevents researchers from effectively interfering with the algorithms, but also makes artificial intelligence algorithms less robust in the training and prediction stages. To give a simple example, in a classification algorithm, if we change a pixel on a three-inch cat photo, it may make the computer algorithm identify the cat as other items. This kind of practice is called reverse attack and involves artificial intelligence technology risks.

　 　 　 　Just like other emerging industries in the early stage of development, due to the lack of early supervision, some enterprises will make improper use of their early advantages in data, computing power and algorithms, leading to the abuse of artificial intelligence technology, monopoly operation of some head enterprises, disclosure of private data and even enterprise operation risks caused by over-reliance on algorithm decision-making, which are the application risks and derivative risks of artificial intelligence technology.

　　Therefore, how to develop and lead this strategic industry has become the top priority at present — — We need to think about how to give full play to the social bottom function of the government during the period of intelligent economic transformation, and how to standardize the operation of the private sector when its computing power and scientific and technological level exceed those of the regulatory agencies.

　　What are the advantages of the revolution with intelligent technology?

　　Strengthen investment in research and development, coordinate industry development, achieve core industry leadership, and grasp the dominance of artificial intelligence technology.Artificial intelligence has become a basic core field related to national security and overall development. At present, although the development of artificial intelligence in China is generally upward, there are still many problems in basic research, technical system, application ecology, innovation and development. Therefore, taking interdisciplinary and application transformation as the starting point to drive basic research in the field of artificial intelligence, increasing financial investment in related research, optimizing expenditure structure, and implementing tax incentives for enterprises investing in basic research will all help to coordinate the development of the industry. Focusing on strengthening the originality and leading research in the core areas of artificial intelligence (such as algorithms and chips) can better grasp the dominant position of artificial intelligence technology.

　　Pre-oriented, professional and flexible industry and technology supervision can better regulate the development of the industry and create a good digital environment.On the one hand, the artificial intelligence industry will have negative effects on monopoly, diversification, privacy and ethics. Therefore, the implementation of the underlying algorithm supervision can effectively prevent artificial intelligence-related and derivative risks such as opaque automated decision-making and privacy violations. On the other hand, the current development of artificial intelligence industry is in the explosive period of technological innovation and industrial growth. While bringing development dividends to the social economy, the flexibility of its application forms and associated formats also means that the regulatory framework and ideas should be adjusted accordingly, so as to further play the dividends brought by technological progress. In addition, we need to equip a more professional industry supervision team, empower artificial intelligence supervision with artificial intelligence technology, standardize the artificial intelligence industry in a pre-position, specialization and flexibility, and flexibly formulate the supervision framework and implementation norms according to the actual development conditions of different artificial intelligence industries, so as to reduce unnecessary obstacles faced by the development and application of artificial intelligence technology, create a good digital environment, and further build the core competitiveness of China’s artificial intelligence industry.

　　Deeply integrate the real economy, develop the digital economy and explore new formats.As the core technology in the development of digital economy, artificial intelligence technology can effectively transform data production factors into actual productivity. The improvement of production efficiency and the change of production paradigm brought about by the deep integration of intelligent technology and real economy are important driving forces for China’s macroeconomic transformation and upgrading. Therefore, deep integration of the real economy should be a major goal of the development of the artificial intelligence industry. Exploring new formats and developing new models based on artificial intelligence technology, promoting the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries, accelerating the cross-regional flow of production factors, integrating market players, and smoothing the economic cycle at home and abroad are also the inevitable needs of fully basing on and giving full play to the advantages of China’s entire industrial chain and laying out industries with digital economy advantages.

　　Give full play to the market initiative and realize the simultaneous production, learning and research of artificial intelligence industry.The long-term healthy development of artificial intelligence technology is inseparable from a good market environment and industrial support. Micro-subjects can effectively smell business opportunities, and market economy has comparative advantages in exploring new formats and exploring new models. However, as a typical knowledge-intensive industry, the artificial intelligence industry needs a lot of research and development work and trains a large number of professional and technical personnel in the early stage. Universities and research institutes have comparative advantages in personnel training and technological innovation, and are important core forces in the artificial intelligence industry chain. Therefore, taking market demand as the leading factor, organically combining enterprises, universities and scientific research institutions, we will form complementary synergy in functions and resource advantages, and provide basic support for the development of the intelligent industry. Taking economic benefits as the starting point, we should mobilize the enthusiasm of scientific and technological personnel in colleges and universities, promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements into real productive forces, and create a healthy and sustainable development ecology of artificial intelligence industry.

　　Improve the social security system and promote the system of individual development and skills training and re-employment.With the application of large-scale machine learning technology, the subjective initiative, individual innovation and overall thinking ability of the labor force are extremely important to social and economic development and personal development. However, there is still a technical gap between the traditional labor supply and the emerging labor demand — — The traditional labor force is not qualified for the job demand of emerging industries. Under this background, how to effectively promote the re-employment system of individual development and skills training, effectively bridge the technical gap, and how to adjust the social security system to make it more applicable to cross-departmental retraining and re-employment, to ensure people’s livelihood and to effectively improve social welfare, etc., are worthy of our further thinking and exploration.

　　 　(Author: Wang Xi, a researcher at Peking University Institute of Economics)

francis ng

　　Wu Zhenyu, the winner of Golden Horse in Taiwan Province, is famous for his outspoken and outspoken attitude in the entertainment circle. Yesterday, when he came to Shanghai to walk for a brand, he threw an amazing view in public. He bluntly said: "The lower the education level, the greater the probability of getting rich." Gu Xiaoming, a professor at Fudan University, thinks that Wu Zhenyu’s theory that it is difficult to get rich by reading is biased, but it also has some truth. "There are indeed many rich people who have no education, but they have tacit knowledge. Reading is not useless, the key is not to die reading. "

　　The theory of "getting rich" is surprising.

　　Yesterday, Wu Zhenyu appeared in Shanghai as the image spokesman of worship, but the media was most concerned about his film and television works. In this regard, Wu Zhenyu said that he and a screenwriter friend recently completed an English novel, "adapted from a screenplay." He also revealed that he had advised his friend to quit his job as a professor and concentrate on writing this novel. However, his reason is surprising. "I think reading too much in college will paralyze my brain, because books are all old things."

　　In the subsequent interview, Wu Zhenyu threw out the theory that it is difficult to get rich by reading. "I found that the lower the education level, the greater the probability of getting rich. Go and see how many rich people have read many books, and Lang Lang only plays the piano. " When the media questioned that Lang Lang had gone to college, he responded: "It’s an art school, just playing the piano." He also said bluntly that he would use this view to educate his children.

　　Currently focusing on TV dramas.

　　Wu Zhenyu’s memorable roles in film and television dramas are mostly malicious and bad characters. In this regard, Wu Zhenyu said that he didn’t care about always playing "bad guys" and didn’t deliberately want to transform. He also smiled and asked, "aren’t there still many actors who are bent on playing the bad guys?"

　　Asked about his latest work, Wu Zhenyu revealed that he was currently filming a TV series about medical ethics in Qingdao. He said with a smile: "I am’ the countryside surrounds the city’. Now many actors who make TV dramas are proud of making movies, so I will make TV dramas. " For the invitation of TV series, Wu Zhenyu is open to all. However, his agent said that Wu Zhenyu’s interest in TVB was not great, which was not that he was dissatisfied with TVB. The main reason was that TVB’s pay was too low, because they were all contracted artists.

　　Wu Zhenyu admits that he is not used to the style of filming by mainland directors. "I like to be able to restore a complete scene when filming. However, when filming in the mainland, there were too many crew members. As soon as the filming started, everyone came out at once, and their breathing could be heard at the scene. "

　　Related links?

　　Experts’ Interpretation of Wu’s "Reading Theory"

　　Regarding Wu Zhenyu’s theory that it is difficult to get rich by reading yesterday, Gu Xiaoming, a professor at Fudan University, bluntly said, "Reading is certainly useful, but now there is something wrong with our education. Nowadays, experts and scholars are always’ this is Harvard University’. It seems that there is no other knowledge in the world except these famous universities. "

　　He later thought that Wu Zhenyu’s theory of "reading is difficult to get rich" also had some truth. "Indeed, many of our successful businessmen have not received higher education. But these self-made entrepreneurs have tacit knowledge and are rarely bound by the frame. " Gu Xiaoming concluded: "Reading is both useful and useless. It’s definitely not good to just gnaw at dead books. It takes 20 years for the theory of textbooks to accumulate, 10 years for all of them to be reviewed, 10 years for printing, distribution and promotion, and a textbook can often be used for another 10 years. Adding up the knowledge in textbooks and the knowledge in reality, it is actually decoupled for 50 years. Therefore, the key to reading is to combine knowledge with practice. " (Special correspondent of this newspaper Zhong Zheng/Wen Zhu Liangcheng/photo)

Editor: Liu Liyan

　　■ In June, a total of 34.767 billion yuan of lottery tickets were sold nationwide, a decrease of 23.862 billion yuan or 40.7% over the same period of last year.

　　■ Not only did the monthly data decline, but the reporter combed the lottery sales data in the first half of the past decade and found that the lottery sales showed negative growth year-on-year for the first time in the first half of this year.

　　■ What causes the lottery market to be cold? What is the future trend of lottery market? The reporter combed and interviewed this.

　　Encounter cold

　　In the first half of the year, national lottery sales fell first.

　　Lottery sales were cold this year. From January to June, the national lottery sales totaled 212.596 billion yuan, a year-on-year decrease of 32.602 billion yuan or 13.3%. Among them, the sales of welfare lottery institutions was 97.757 billion yuan, a year-on-year decrease of 12.838 billion yuan or 11.6%; The sales of sports lottery institutions reached 114.839 billion yuan, a year-on-year decrease of 19.764 billion yuan or 14.7%.

　　The reporter combed 2010 — The lottery sales data in the first half of the decade in 2019 found that this was the first time that there was a year-on-year decline.

　　Judging from the monthly data, in June this year, the country sold a total of 34.767 billion yuan of lottery tickets, down 40.7% from the same period of last year. The year-on-year decline was mainly due to the large sales of quiz lottery games in the World Cup in June 2018, with a high base in the same period last year. In the first half of 2018, lottery sales increased by as much as 19.6%.

　　Looking back on the lottery market in the past ten years, from 2010 to 2012, it experienced a double-digit rapid growth period, and then the growth rate gradually decreased to single digits, and negative growth occurred for the first time in the first half of 2019.

　　The data shows that from 2010 to the first half of 2012, the national lottery sales maintained a rapid growth of more than 20%, which was a period of rapid growth of China’s lottery market; In 2013 and 2014, the growth rate of national lottery sales fell below 20%; From 2015 to the first half of 2017, the growth rate of national lottery sales dropped significantly, only 5.2%, 3.5% and 5.5% respectively.

　　Where do people prefer to buy lottery tickets when lottery sales are relatively low? Geographically, data from the Ministry of Finance show that in June, compared with the same period of last year, lottery sales in 31 provinces all declined. However, from the cumulative data in the first half of the year, compared with the same period of last year, lottery sales in five provinces increased, namely Sichuan, Shanghai, Henan, Anhui and Beijing, with year-on-year increases of 1.681 billion yuan, 234 million yuan, 190 million yuan, 172 million yuan and 45 million yuan respectively. As far as the overall sales volume in the first half of the year is concerned, Guangdong, Jiangsu, Shandong, Zhejiang and Henan rank among the top five in the country.

　　cause

　　Strengthen the supervision of high-frequency fast-opening games

　　Why did lottery sales decline in the first half of this year? An expert in the lottery industry told reporters that at the beginning of this year, in order to regulate the lottery market, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Civil Affairs and other departments strengthened the supervision of high-frequency quick-opening games and quiz games, extended the sales time of high-frequency quick-opening games and reduced the number of lottery games.

　　High-frequency fast-opening games mainly complete the process from sales to lottery every few minutes or ten minutes through electronic equipment.

　　The data shows that in 2017, the share of Fucai quick-opening games in the total sales of Fucai reached 40%. In that year, the total sales volume of national welfare lottery was 216.977 billion yuan, of which the sales of quick-opening games was 87.522 billion yuan.

　　A lottery player told reporters: "The number of high-frequency fast-opening games is small, there are many awards, and the lottery is frequent. Many domestic lottery buyers are speculative when buying high-frequency fast-opening games, and some lottery buyers can play all day and easily lose their minds."

　　The reporter noted that in January this year, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Civil Affairs, and the General Administration of Sports issued a notice to adjust the rules of high-frequency fast-opening lottery games and quiz lottery games, and strengthen the supervision of the lottery market. According to the notice, in recent years, China’s lottery industry has generally shown a sustained and healthy development trend. At the same time, there are still irrational lottery buying phenomena in the lottery market, such as unauthorized use of the Internet to sell lottery tickets and large bets. In particular, the market supervision of welfare lottery quick-opening games, sports lottery high-frequency games and sports lottery national online single-game quiz games needs to be strengthened. The notice is clear. From February 11th, if the sales time of high-frequency quick-start games is shorter than 20 minutes, it will be adjusted to 20 minutes.

　　Since 2019, the number of contests and events for the annual quiz game shall not be higher than 70% of the number of contests and events for sale in 2018. The aforementioned experts also pointed out to reporters that the main reason is that there was a World Cup in June 2018. At that time, the sales volume of lottery was particularly large, and the sales volume of sports lottery was also particularly large. However, there were no important sports events in June this year. The sharp decline in sports lottery sales in June was an important factor in the decline in lottery sales in the first half of the year.

　　Ban on sale

　　Internet lottery is banned.

　　The ban on internet lottery sales also has an impact on lottery sales. The reporter noted that in August 2018, the Ministry of Finance and other 12 departments jointly issued a document resolutely prohibiting the unauthorized use of the Internet to sell lottery tickets.

　　Internet lottery had previously shown a blowout growth trend in 2014. The huge sales volume of nearly 100 billion yuan makes internet lottery purchase an important force to promote the development of lottery market.

　　In 2014, Internet lottery experienced a glorious period. Major sports events, including the World Cup in Brazil, boosted the sales of Internet lottery by 102% from 42 billion yuan in 2013 to 85 billion yuan, accounting for 20% of the total lottery sales. According to the Analysis Report of Internet Lottery Market in 2014, there were more than 100 million users in China who bought lottery tickets through Internet channels, and the Internet became an important betting platform and channel for users.

　　Since then, since 2015, the Ministry of Finance and other departments have repeatedly issued a document to prohibit the sale of lottery tickets through Internet channels. However, during the 2018 World Cup, a large number of mobile apps illegally sold lottery tickets through the Internet.

　　At that time, there were many fish that escaped from the net without being investigated. According to media reports, some apps have stopped selling lottery tickets through the search of "lottery tickets" in Android and Apple mobile phone stores, but there are still many softwares that can buy lottery tickets. In the early days of the World Cup last year, many companies launched online lottery platforms again. Finally, many online football lottery platforms such as "Winning the lottery every day" and "Everyone Winning the lottery" stopped selling on June 20 last year.

　　reform

　　Standardize the management of welfare lottery issuance

　　The corruption case of Fucai Center exposed last year aroused social concern. On November 9, 2018, the website of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection published a heavy article: "Pay equal attention to reduction and suppression, treat both the symptoms and the root causes, rebuild the credibility of Fucai, and the discipline inspection and supervision team stationed in the Ministry of Civil Affairs will promote the formation of a good political ecology from typical cases", with more than 4,000 words, and released confession videos of four former leaders of China Welfare Lottery Issuance Management Center.

　　Statistics show that since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, at least 14 people in the civil affairs system have been held accountable for issues related to welfare lottery. Fucai’s anti-corruption has a long time span and a wide range, and has become a case of systematic corruption. In addition to the four leading characters in the confession video published on the website of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, four members of the party group, including Li Liguo, former Minister of Civil Affairs, Dou Yupei, former head of the discipline inspection team in the Ministry, Qu Shuhui and Chen Chuanshu, former president of the China Aging Association, were held accountable.

　　After the corruption case of Welfare Lottery, the Ministry of Civil Affairs has improved the management system of welfare lottery issuance, sales, distribution and use of public welfare funds, such as changes in the internal institutions in charge of welfare lottery management.

　　According to the Regulations of the Ministry of Civil Affairs on Functional Allocation, Internal Organizations and Staffing, before the reform, the management of welfare lottery was in charge of the Department of Social Welfare and Charity Promotion; After the reform, the welfare lottery management has been refined, and the planning and finance department and the newly established charity promotion and social work department are in charge.

　　On July 29, the Ministry of Civil Affairs held a press conference, and the relevant person in charge introduced that there are three main reform directions in regulating the issuance and management of welfare lottery tickets. First, cooperate with the Ministry of Finance, comprehensively rectify the unauthorized use of the Internet to sell welfare lottery tickets, and comprehensively carry out self-examination and inspection of national welfare lottery institutions and consignment agents. Second, vigorously adjust the rules of the quick opening game of welfare lottery to resolve the market risks of welfare lottery. The third is to improve the welfare lottery issuance management system.

　　On June 19th, in Lianyungang Port, Jiangsu Province, a ro-ro ship was loading a batch of goods exported overseas. With the support of many policies such as tax reduction and fee reduction, China’s foreign trade enterprises seized the opportunity to resume work and production, and accelerated the pace of "going out". Photo by Geng Yuhe (Zhongjing Vision)

　　Since the beginning of this year, in the face of the severe and complicated situation, the CPC Central Committee has timely deployed and issued a series of tax reduction and fee reduction policies to release water to raise fish and help market players to bail out development. Finance, taxation and other relevant departments at all levels implement relevant policies and measures to reduce the tax and reduce the fees. From January to June this year, 1,504.5 billion yuan was added to reduce taxes and fees, effectively reducing the burden on market players.

　　Recently, Liu Kun, Minister of Finance, said in his "Report of the State Council on Budget Implementation since this year" to the NPC Standing Committee that from January to June this year, 1,504.5 billion yuan of new taxes and fees were reduced, effectively reducing the burden on market players.

　　In the face of the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic, how can relevant departments and localities implement policies and measures to increase tax reduction and fee reduction? How do enterprises feel about reducing taxes and fees?

　　Help ensure supply and benefit people’s livelihood

　　Since the beginning of this year, in the face of the severe and complicated situation, the CPC Central Committee has timely deployed and issued a series of tax reduction and fee reduction policies to release water to raise fish and help market players to bail out development.

　　1.073 billion masks, 4.39 million protective clothing and 4.7 million in isolation gown … … After the outbreak, Steady Medical Supplies Co., Ltd. made every effort to ensure the supply of epidemic prevention and treatment materials. "Tax cuts and fee reductions have given us strong support. According to the relevant equipment newly purchased by the key materials production enterprises for epidemic prevention and control to expand production capacity, a one-time pre-tax deduction policy for enterprise income tax is allowed. The company invested about 80 million yuan in various production equipment in Shenzhen, which can be deducted once before tax. " Wu Kezhen, financial director of Steady Medical Care, said.

　　In addition to sound medical care, Shenzhen Mindray Bio, Yi Yatong and other enterprises also fully enjoy the tax reduction and fee reduction bonus in the anti-epidemic insurance supply. "The tax reduction and fee reduction policy is highly targeted, which effectively guarantees the prevention and control of the epidemic and the supply of materials." Tang Shukui, director of Shenzhen Finance Bureau, said.

　　Among the key support materials for epidemic prevention and control, in addition to medical emergency materials, the supply of daily necessities such as grain and oil is also very important. "After our company filed an application for 1.6 million yuan of incremental value-added tax allowance, it arrived in 2 days." Ms. Tong, a financial officer of Red Dragonfly (Chongqing) Vegetable Oil Co., Ltd., said that at the critical stage of capacity expansion, the receipt of this tax refund fund effectively eased the cash pressure of enterprises.

　　It is noteworthy that the policy of tax reduction and fee reduction covers a wide range, which effectively guarantees the basic people’s livelihood. Chongqing has introduced a series of measures to reduce fees within the scope of local power, and provided sufficient supply for people’s basic living needs by ensuring market players and ensuring the stability of the supply chain of the industrial chain. For example, in view of the urgent problems faced by enterprises in returning to work and expanding financing, the use rate of emergency working capital for re-lending will be reduced by half to provide bridge support for enterprises to renew loans. It is estimated that the annual re-lending will be 21 billion yuan, indirectly saving financing costs by 600 million yuan.

　　In Shenzhen, only the policy of exempting the income obtained from providing public transportation services, living services and providing residents with express delivery services of essential living materials will reduce the burden on enterprises by 700 million yuan. Take Shenzhen Boxma Xiansheng as an example. From January to April alone, the value-added tax was reduced by more than 3.5 million yuan.

　　Enterprises increase vitality and add stamina

　　The epidemic situation has brought difficulties to the operation of enterprises, especially small and micro enterprises and private enterprises, which have weak ability to resist risks and are more vulnerable to shocks. On the basis of previous years, this year, we further implemented measures such as tax relief and mitigation, and increased the tax reduction and fee reduction of small and micro enterprises.

　　On August 3rd, customers lined up in Modern China Tea Shop Window of the World store to buy milk tea. More than 260 shops in Modern China Tea Shop once pressed the "pause button" after the outbreak, and now they are full of vitality. "Our stores are all small and micro enterprises, and a series of preferential policies are applicable. In the first half of the year, direct stores reduced the value-added tax by 10.81 million yuan, social security by 3.11 million yuan, and deferred corporate income tax by 1.1 million yuan, greatly reducing operating costs." Cheng Xiaofeng, financial director of Hunan Chayue Catering Company, said that in July, the average revenue of this enterprise store was about 280,000 yuan, setting a record high.

　　"Tax reduction and fee reduction effectively eased the financial pressure of the majority of small and medium-sized enterprises during the epidemic, played a role in promoting the resumption of work, stabilizing and expanding employment, promoting enterprises to expand production capacity and increase investment, and improving market activity." He Weiwen, deputy director of the Hunan Provincial Department of Finance, said that in the first half of this year, the province’s accumulated tax reduction and fee reduction exceeded 31 billion yuan.

　　The epidemic has an obvious impact on import and export, and foreign trade enterprises are facing severe challenges. In order to support the steady foreign trade, the fiscal and taxation departments have issued clear policies. Since March 20th this year, the export tax rebate rate of 1,084 products such as porcelain sanitary wares has increased to 13%, and that of 380 products such as plant growth regulators has increased to 9%.

　　Chongqing International Composite Materials Co., Ltd. is mainly engaged in the production and sales of glass fiber series products and reinforced plastic products, and its export business accounts for 40% of the total business volume. "The main products of the enterprise are within the scope of benefit, and it is estimated that the tax rebate for the enterprise will increase by 11.4 million yuan throughout the year." Li Kangzhi, a financial officer of the company, introduced.

　　According to the latest statistics, by the end of June, 25,000 export enterprises nationwide had enjoyed the bonus of this export tax rebate policy.

　　At the same time, the tax authorities have launched a series of measures to facilitate and speed up the export tax rebate, so as to promote the export tax rebate to speed up and increase efficiency. In Chongqing, the single tax refund of "Full Electronic Refund" arrived on the same day as soon as possible, and the average processing time of tax refund business was reduced to 3 working days, which was more than 50% lower than before.

　　Weisheng Information Technology Co., Ltd. is a communication terminal equipment manufacturing enterprise, and handled export tax rebate of 4.2 million yuan in the first half of this year. "Thanks to Hunan’s export tax rebate ‘ Immediately report and do it ’ System, tax refund funds can be received within 1 working day. " Zhong Xiyu, secretary of the board of directors and chief financial officer of VIA Company, told the reporter.

　　"Tax refund funds ‘ Living water ’ Rapid return plays a role in stabilizing foreign trade ‘ Support ’ Function. " Ming An Bin, member of the Party Committee and Deputy Director of State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China Shenzhen Taxation Bureau, said that as of July 29th this year, the bureau had handled a total of 67.085 billion yuan of export tax refund (exemption).

　　Work together to implement the reduction.

　　One point for deployment and nine points for implementation. Finance, taxation and other relevant departments at all levels have implemented relevant policies and measures to reduce taxes and fees in place, which has promoted steady economic and social development.

　　Tang Shukui introduced that Shenzhen has established a linkage and information sharing mechanism between finance, taxation, social security, medical insurance and other departments to smooth the policy to the "last mile".

　　Shenzhen tax department vigorously promotes "non-contact" taxation, forming a taxation pattern with online taxation as the main channel and comprehensive speed-up and flow control in the lobby. "We conscientiously do a good job in the implementation of preferential policies, non-contact taxation, data services and epidemic prevention and control, and help market players to move forward lightly." Zhang Guojun, Party Secretary and Director of State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China Shenzhen Taxation Bureau, said.

　　With the in-depth implementation of various policies and measures to benefit enterprises, the vitality of Shenzhen market players has recovered rapidly. The value-added tax invoice data of 3.5 million taxpayers in the city show that the overall sales revenue of Shenzhen in the first half of the year has fully recovered to the same level of the previous year, and the overall recovery rate is nearly 100%.

　　Since the beginning of this year, the Hunan Provincial Department of Finance has established and improved the working mechanism of tax reduction and fee reduction for the first time, set up the coordination mechanism of finance, development and reform, taxation and human society departments, planned tax and fee policies and measures in advance, made a good analysis and calculation of tax reduction and fee reduction, and took the lead in introducing preferential tax and fee policies to support small and micro enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households to resume work. In Yueyang City, the work of tax reduction and fee reduction is included in the assessment of promoting the high-quality development of the private economy and key fiscal and taxation work in the city.

　　"In order to ensure that the national tax reduction and fee reduction policies and measures go directly to enterprises and become the main body of the market ‘ Empower ’ We implement grid services and strengthen the follow-up of policy implementation. " Wang Jianping, deputy director of State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China Hunan Provincial Taxation Bureau, said. It is reported that Hunan Province has established a system for cadres of tax authorities at all levels to go to enterprises for research and counseling, to solve tax-related problems such as policy application and qualification identification for enterprises such as Lansi Technology, and to form a policy implementation guide, which is applied in the province.

　　In Chongqing, the municipal departments of discipline inspection and supervision, finance, taxation and auditing, the Chongqing Supervision Bureau of the Ministry of Finance and the Chongqing Special Office of the National Audit Office have jointly strengthened the supervision of tax reduction and fee reduction. At the same time, we will implement "interaction between banks and taxes", improve tax-related data value-added services, and link tax credit with financial credit to provide financial support for enterprises that operate in good faith and pay taxes according to law. "Chongqing will be more active in implementing a proactive fiscal policy and fully stabilizing enterprises to protect market players." Chen Junwu, director of the Tax Administration Department of Chongqing Finance Bureau, said. (Economic Daily China Economic Net reporter Zeng Jinhua)

　　China Southern Airlines: As the first flight company, China Southern Airlines dispatched the Airbus A380, which is known as the "Big Mac in the Air". It is the largest civil airliner in the world, with a length of 73 meters and a wingspan of 79 meters. The flight test of A380 can comprehensively test whether Daxing International Airport meets the guarantee requirements of 4F-class airport.

　　Xiamen Airlines: The United Nations painted Boeing 787-9 aircraft. Xiamen Airlines chose the only officially confirmed United Nations painted Boeing 787-9 aircraft in the world. As the "air image ambassador" of Xiamen Airlines to promote the sustainable development of the United Nations, the aircraft has successively launched themed flights such as "climate change" and "underwater creatures and terrestrial creatures", which is in line with the green construction characteristics of Daxing Airport. Photo courtesy/Xinhua News Agency

　　Air China: 747-8 Long-range Wide-body Airliner Air China has launched the Boeing 747-8 Long-range Wide-body Airliner, the main type of wide-body airliner. This model has carried out the verification test flight of the new runway of Chongqing Airport. The fuselage is 78.3 meters long and can carry 365 passengers.

　　At 9: 29 on May 13th, an Airbus A380 of China Southern Airlines landed smoothly on the west runway of Beijing Daxing International Airport. Subsequently, Airbus A350-900 of China Eastern Airlines, Boeing B747-8 of international airlines and Boeing B787-9 of Xiamen Airlines also landed on the runways of Beijing Daxing International Airport in the second, first and first runways. For this test flight, the four airlines involved did not dare to "neglect" and all took out their own housekeeping models.

　　Beijing Daxing International Airport began to verify the real aircraft, and the flight test of flight procedures officially kicked off, which marked that the focus of Beijing Daxing International Airport shifted from infrastructure construction to preparation for operation and navigation. The Beijing Youth Daily reporter was informed that China Southern Airlines will build a "dual hub" in Beijing and Guangzhou in the future, Air China will get a 10% share of Daxing Airport, Xiamen Airlines will transfer to Daxing Airport in March next year, and China Eastern Airlines will build a "four-in and four-out" flight wave & HELIP; … After the opening of Beijing Daxing International Airport, passengers will have a better flight experience.

　　site

　　The plane and crew passed the "test"

　　For Daxing Airport, the test flight is similar to "rushing for the exam", and the plane and crew are "examiners". The test of flight test content is a comprehensive test of airport air flight procedures and ground operation procedures. The "Regulations on the Management of Transport Airport Construction" clearly stipulates that flight test is one of the necessary conditions for issuing airport use permits.

　　On May 13th, four airlines, including China Southern Airlines, China Eastern Airlines, Air China and Xiamen Airlines, carried out verification flight tests on some flight procedures of Beijing Daxing International Airport.

　　At 9: 03, the A380 passenger plane of China Southern Airlines took off from the Capital Airport from south to north. Subsequently, the verified flights of China Eastern Airlines, Air China and Xiamen Airlines took off from the middle runway of the Capital Airport in turn and flew to Daxing Airport under the command of the terminal controller of North China Air Traffic Control Bureau.

　　"South 7777, Super, Daxing Tower welcomes you. Corrected sea pressure 1014, CAVOK, ground wind 200, 4 meters seconds, runway 35R, can land. " At 9: 29, China Southern Airlines A380 landed smoothly as instructed by the controller of Daxing Tower. Subsequently, the tower controller instructed him to slide to the designated place according to the predetermined route.

　　After that, the flights of China Eastern Airlines, Air China and Xiamen Airlines landed on the corresponding runways in turn to carry out ground support verification.

　　At 10: 57, four planes took off from Daxing Airport in turn. With the cooperation of the tower, approach, area controller and Tianjin Air Traffic Control Branch, the flight test verified the departure and arrival flight procedures of Daxing Airport. At 12: 36, the plane returned to the Capital Airport and landed. This verification flight test was successfully completed.

　　Daxing International Airport is the highest 4F-class airport in the classification of airport support level, and its runway length, wingspan and wheel track that can support take-off and landing aircraft rank first among all airports at present. Therefore, the test flight selected four representative large-scale dual-channel aircraft from four different airlines and covered four runways to carry out "stress test" in order to fully verify the operational support capability of Daxing Airport. Ensuring the safe operation of these aircraft means that Daxing International Airport can also successfully ensure the safe operation of all aircraft in the world today.

　　lineup

　　Unit with "experience value" of 70,000 hours

　　In view of this verification flight, China Eastern Airlines made a comprehensive evaluation of all aircraft types, and selected the newly introduced flagship A350-900 aircraft to participate in the verification test flight. In addition to the advanced flight control system, the cockpit of this aircraft is also equipped with dual HUD (Head-up Display), which can display the flight track information, navigation information and external flight scenes on the display screen, which improves the pilot’s perception of the environment and helps to complete multiple verification flight test subjects.

　　China Eastern Airlines selected a four-person test flight crew led by Airbus A350 pilot Wu Kun and A350 captain Hou Dandong. The four captains are all senior captains, with a total flight time of nearly 70,000 hours.

　　At the same time, China Southern Airlines also sent four senior captains and a co-pilot to form the main test flight crew, which was led by Wang Renjie, the operation director of China Southern Airlines. All four captains have rich flight experience, and have served as captains for more than 15 years, with an average flight time of more than 17,000 hours. The crew with such a "luxury" configuration can be called a "flying dream combination".

　　Air China has selected a senior captain with excellent technology and rich flight experience, who has participated in important flight support tasks many times, and has many experience in delivery test flight and "D inspection" test flight as the test flight crew. The test flight crew consists of three B747 pilots: Zhang Hengwen, Zhou Zaiming and Lian Xin. At the same time, Air China also arranged a backup unit for this test flight.

　　In this test flight, Xiamen Airlines sent four excellent pilot teams. Mao Jun, general manager of Xiamen Airlines Flight Corps, was the leader, and two senior 787 captain instructors, Xu Yuanzhi and Cheng Mengjiao, and an excellent co-pilot Yang Bo were in charge of the flight.

　　feeling

　　Some flights can save 20 minutes.

　　Zhang Mao, the captain in charge of the flight test crew of China Southern Airlines, told the Beijing Youth Daily reporter after the flight test: "The overall flight test process is stable and smooth, the route design is optimized and reasonable, and all navigation and support facilities are running smoothly, which fully meets the navigation conditions."

　　Zhang Mao said that Daxing Airport is located at the junction of Daxing in Beijing and Langfang in Hebei, and its geographical location and airspace structure determine its unique advantages: the flight time from Daxing Airport to the south-central and southwest directions is 10 to 20 minutes shorter than that of the Capital Airport. Similarly, the flight time for flights from Central South and Southwest China to Daxing Airport is also 10 to 20 minutes shorter than that of Capital Airport.

　　follow-up

　　North China air traffic control bureau makes a test flight report

　　The flight procedures are mainly designed by the air traffic control department, and the test flight is to verify the reliability and rationality of these new "sky roads". Daxing Airport has added 94 flight procedures, and North China Air Traffic Control Bureau is the "designer" of the flight procedures of Daxing Airport.

　　Yan Xiaodong, deputy director of the North China Air Traffic Control Bureau, said in an interview that the flight program design is not isolated, and a slight change may trigger a "butterfly effect". On the surface, Daxing Airport is only newly built, but there are 24 airports involved in adjusting flight programs in North China and 9 in East China, Central South, Northwest China and Northeast China. The Air Traffic Control Bureau of the Civil Aviation Administration is the "chief designer" of the whole flight program adjustment. Flight test is an important prerequisite for the approval of flight procedures and the acceptance of related industries, which is of great significance to the airport sailing.

　　The reporter of Beiqing Daily learned from the North China Air Traffic Control Bureau that the bureau will adjust the flight procedures and form a final flight procedure report according to the results of this verification flight. Only after the flight procedures are officially approved can Daxing Airport be successfully navigable.

　　node

　　A full-scale test flight will be conducted from August to September.

　　This test flight is the most important node task before the acceptance of Daxing International Airport. According to the plan, the test flight of Daxing International Airport will be divided into three stages: the basic test flight will be carried out on May 13th, mainly to test the general security of the airport; In August, a special flight test of low visibility will be carried out at the airport, aiming to make the low visibility operation capacity of Daxing International Airport reach the highest level in the world. A comprehensive test flight will be carried out from August to September to ensure that the air-ground coordination is smooth and efficient after the airport is put into operation.

　　The reporter of Beiqing Daily learned from the Civil Aviation Administration that the next low-visibility special test flight will also become the highlight of the test flight of Daxing International Airport. The test flight of Daxing International Airport in August will test the HURVR 75-meter technology, which represents the most advanced level of low-visibility take-off of aircraft in the world. At present, there is no airport in China that uses this technology.

　　At present, the three-character code and four-character code of Daxing International Airport have been approved by the International Air Transport Association (IATA) and the Air Traffic Control Bureau of the Civil Aviation Administration respectively. The Airport Operation Manual and its annexes have passed the preliminary examination of compliance. So far, more than 50 domestic and foreign airlines have expressed their willingness to enter Beijing Daxing International Airport, including more than 30 Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan airlines and foreign airlines.

　　In addition, in order to better match the operation of China Southern Airlines A380, Daxing International Airport Terminal has set up six parking stands that match the huge size of A380, and each parking stand has specially designed docking covered bridges with different heights for A380′ s three doors, which can connect A380′ s lower left door, left second door and upper left door, so that passengers can board and leave the plane quickly in layers.

　　It can be said that the air route to Beijing is shortened, the ground taxiing time is reduced, and the passenger flight experience is improved. After China Southern Airlines enters Daxing International Airport, it will bring better flight experience to the passengers.

　　Prospect of stationing in

　　China Southern Airlines builds a "double hub" of Beiguang.

　　China Southern Airlines owns 40% of the time resources at Beijing Daxing International Airport, and will undertake 40% of the air passenger business of Beijing Daxing International Airport in the future. It is the main base airline with the largest share of time resources, the widest flight network coverage and the largest number of passengers carried by Beijing Daxing International Airport. According to the development plan, by 2025, China Southern Airlines is expected to put more than 200 aircraft into Beijing Daxing International Airport, with more than 900 daily take-off and landing flights.

　　At present, the preparatory work for the construction of China Southern Airlines project and the transition operation has entered the sprint stage, ensuring that it is completed and put into operation simultaneously with Daxing Airport.

　　The reporter of Beiqing Daily learned that the construction of China Southern Airlines in Daxing International Airport Base in Beijing includes five functional areas: maintenance facilities, single shift dormitory, aviation food facilities, operation and security housing and freight facilities, with a total of 6 plots and 36 single buildings. It has the largest hangar in Asia, the largest operation control center in Asia and the largest aviation food production base in Asia.

　　Among them, the No.1 hangar of the maintenance facility project has a span of 405 meters and a maintenance hall of 40 meters high, which can accommodate 2 Airbus 380, 3 Boeing 777s and 3 narrow-body aircraft at the same time, or 12 320 series narrow-body passenger aircraft at the same time. It is the largest hangar with the largest span and single construction scale in Asia. The construction scale of aviation food facilities is 92,200 square meters, with a daily production capacity of 100,000 copies and a peak daily production capacity of 180,000 copies, which can meet all the aviation food demand of Daxing International Airport in the initial operation. The construction scale of the Operation and Support Project is about 500,000 square meters. It integrates functional modules such as operation control, hub ground control and maintenance control to realize centralized and unified control of flight scheduling, field operation and maintenance operation, and will build the largest aviation operation control center in Asia.

　　Xiamen Airlines will make a one-time transition next year.

　　Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei is the key node of Xiamen Airlines’ "one axis and two wings" strategic layout. As early as 2014, Xiamen Airlines established its Beijing branch and acquired Hebei Airlines, becoming the only airline in the civil aviation industry to realize the comprehensive layout of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei. At present, Xiamen Airlines’ market share in Beijing is constantly expanding, with 15 related routes in Beijing, with an annual passenger traffic of nearly 3 million passengers.

　　According to the plan, Hebei Airlines, a subsidiary of Xiamen Airlines, will become the airline company of Daxing Airport in 2019. Xiamen Airlines is scheduled to transfer to Daxing Airport in March 2020. In terms of capacity, Xiamen Airlines will invest 17 capacity in Daxing Airport in 2020; In 2025, it is planned to invest 30 aircraft, including Hebei Airlines and Jiangxi Airlines, with a total capacity of about 50 aircraft.

　　China Eastern Airlines "four in and four out" flight waves

　　China Eastern Airlines’ initial infrastructure investment is estimated to be 13.2 billion yuan, and the overall investment scale in the future will exceed 120 billion yuan, of which the capital construction investment scale will exceed 20 billion yuan, and the operating fleet investment scale will be nearly 100 billion yuan.

　　On June 29, 2017, the construction of China Eastern Airlines Beijing New Airport Base project officially started. Up to now, the total construction area of the first phase project is 470,000 square meters, and nearly 90% of the engineering quantity has been completed. The second phase project of 700,000 square meters has also been fully started on March 16, 2019.

　　China Eastern Airlines’ Independent Popular Economy Airline Brand — — China United Airlines Co., Ltd. will realize the "overnight transition" and become the first airline to be stationed and operated in Beijing Daxing International Airport. China Eastern Airlines’ routes in Beijing (except the Beijing-Shanghai Express) quickly shifted and completed the transition, and it is expected that all the transitions will be in Daxing in the summer and autumn season of 2020; China Eastern’s international partner airlines will also gradually move to Beijing Daxing International Airport.

　　China Eastern Airlines will build a "four-in and four-out" flight wave at Beijing Daxing International Airport, and include the flights from SkyTeam member airlines and domestic and foreign partner airlines to Daxing into the flight connection plan. In terms of domestic routes, China Eastern Airlines, Shanghai Airlines and China United Airlines, which belong to China Eastern Airlines, focus on building business routes from Beijing Daxing to Shanghai, Kunming, Xi ‘an, Hangzhou, Nanjing, Chengdu, Chongqing, Guangzhou and Shenzhen, and gradually reach the scale of starting more than 5 flights a day in the first two years after sailing; Domestic provincial capital cities and airports above 10 million have achieved full coverage. In terms of international routes, major routes such as Paris, London, Sydney and Tokyo were opened in the early stage. By 2025, China Eastern Airlines will put 180 to 200 aircraft into Beijing Daxing International Airport, and together with the capacity of global partners, it is estimated that the daily average number of flights will exceed 650, and the route network will cover major domestic markets in China, as well as important global aviation hubs such as Paris, Amsterdam, Detroit, Seattle and Seoul. Taking off from Daxing, China Eastern Airlines will build a higher-level global network, build a higher-quality "Silk Road in the Air" and make Beijing the best and most convenient aviation gateway in the world.

　　This edition/Beijing Youth Daily reporter Lin Lishuang coordinator/Yu Meiying

　　Photography (except signature)/Beijing Youth Daily reporter Wei Tong

Title: Branching can promote the formation of flower buds in cherry trees.
Text:

The purpose of cherry tree branch pulling in spring is to improve the overall illumination, ease the branch potential of the tree, increase the amount of short branches, promote the formation of flower buds, and prevent the fruiting parts from moving out. The time to pull branches is best completed after the sap flows and before germination. Pay attention when pulling branches, pull straight, and don’t bend into a bow.

Young trees must pay attention to the strength of pulling the main branches, which must be kept above 60 degrees, and the side branches should be pulled to 90 degrees, so that they are easy to branch out and become flowers after budding. The rope for pulling branches should be tied with soft plastic rope or cloth strips, and the binding parts should be adjusted frequently to avoid overflowing the trunk and causing glue to die the tree.

　　Are you willing to remain anonymous all your life?

　　For the first atomic bomb of new China, tens of thousands of scientists and soldiers gave a positive answer to this question more than 60 years ago. They left home and entered Lop Nur, which is known as the "sea of death", and began the years of hard struggle. A few years later, People’s Republic of China (PRC) appeared in front of the world with a brand-new attitude.

Zhang Yunyu son of the general, the first commander of China’s nuclear test base, tells the origin of the name of Malan base.

　　"Husband and wife tree" on Gobi Desert　

　　In 1963, Wang Ruzhi, deputy director of the Third Institute of Engineering Research, received a notice from the organization and secretly went to Lop Nur to participate in the nuclear test. She was so excited that she didn’t sleep all night.

　　But the next day, she put up with all her emotions and said simply to her husband Zhang Xianglin, "I’m going on a business trip abroad." Zhang Xianglin replied: "Good."

　　Two people so calm tunnel don’t.

　　Wang Ruzhi entered the base for a few months. One day, she was waiting for the bus under an old elm tree, and she saw a soldier coming with a box in the distance, looking like her husband. When the man approached, her eyes widened in surprise, and it was him!

　　On the day of the original farewell, Zhang Xianglin also received the same notice, but both of them kept it a secret and didn’t ask each other much.

　　In those months, they have been close at hand, doing the same job, but they don’t know that their beloved is beside them, fighting side by side with themselves.

　　General Zhang Aiping, who organized and directed the nuclear test, was deeply moved by this incident and gave the old elm a name — — Couple tree.

　　Time flies to 1984. Deng Jiaxian returned to Beijing after completing the 32nd nuclear test in his life. He looked very happy. His wife asked him, "What happened today?"

　　Deng Jiaxian could not say, but read a poem: "After twenty years of brave climbing, the second generation canoe has crossed the bridge."

　　The lady asked again, "What is the second-generation canoe?" Deng Jiaxian replied: "This is a secret."

　　At this time, Deng Jiaxian was suffering from cancer, which was the last nuclear test in his life.

　　Before leaving, Deng Jiaxian held his wife’s hand and said, "If there is an afterlife, I will choose China, the nuclear weapons industry and you."

　　Many years later, Hu Renyu, an 88-year-old nuclear physics scientist, recalled those years with great emotion. He said, "I think this is an era when revolutionary passion is burning. None of the people who participated in manufacturing wanted to do this for their own future, just for the country."

　　Although they were engaged in the most advanced scientific undertakings of the country, at that time, their living environment was desolate and backward.

　　"Why is dad here? What is Dad doing here? "

　　In 1999, the film "Out of the Sky" first presented the tortuous process of developing the first atomic bomb in China to the public.

　　Screenwriter Peng Jichao also won the first prize of the second Xia Yan Film Literature Award for his play Malanchao. At this time, Peng Jichao had lived in Malan base for more than 30 years. During this period, he heard too many touching stories and accumulated too many vivid materials.

　　But what Peng Jichao remembered most there was a funeral.

　　The protagonist of this funeral is not a scientist or a soldier, but a 12-year-old child.

　　Peng Jichao told this story in the program "China in the Story".

　　The children in Malan base "play with stones from birth, come home every day, take out a handful of stones from their pockets". They have never seen a swimming pool, and they don’t know what swimming is.

　　In the 1980s, with the TV in Malan base, children learned from TV that people could swim.

　　One summer, the base began to build a fish pond. A heavy rain made the fish pond store more than one meter of water, and the children were in high spirits and went swimming together. Several children swam home after a while, but one of them, Xiao Ming, stayed there before he had enough fun.

　　At dinner, Xiao Ming still didn’t go home, and the adults finally found him in the fish pond who had stopped breathing and heartbeat.

　　Peng Jichao recalled that this funeral held in the Gobi Desert gathered hundreds of people.

　　Xiaoming’s mother has been crying without tears, so she can only whisper over and over again in a hoarse voice: "Xiaoming, you want to eat cookies, but I didn’t buy them for you;" You want to go to the zoo to see animals, but you haven’t been able to do it yet; We don’t have the toys you want in Malan. "

　　On that day, the biscuits in the base were sold out, and all the things that children could play with were sold out.

　　After that, the first swimming pool was built in Malan base.

　　"Malan’s children grew up with their parents in the Gobi Desert, and they sacrificed the most common and common things in life." Peng Jichao sighed, "From small to large, it is just a few Malan trees and a piece of Malan. They think this is their most beautiful place."

　　Zhang Lvtian is the son of General Zhang Yunyu, the first commander of China’s nuclear test base. According to his memory, in the early days of the construction of Malan base, the conditions were difficult. Some children told their fathers that they wanted to go to the zoo, but the fathers had no choice but to take their children to the company’s pigsty to play.

　　At that time, a classmate of Zhang Lvtian also followed his parents to Malan base. Just after getting off the bus, he saw the Gobi Desert was black and yellow — — The sandstorm is coming.

　　The wind roared by and the child was blown away.

　　Zhang Lvtian said: "The soldiers chased out two miles before they were recovered, and both of them became natives."

　　The mother hugged the child tightly and wouldn’t let go. She asked her husband, "How did you bring us to this terrible place?"

　　The child also cried and asked his mother, "Why do we come to this windy place?"

　　While dusting the child with dirt, the mother wiped her tears and said, "Because dad is here."

　　This sentence has puzzled the child for many years: why is dad here? What’s Dad doing here?

　　It was not until 1964 that the puzzle he thought finally got the answer — — Dad’s career is here. Dad’s career is a national career.

　　On October 16th, 1964, at 3pm, a bright light appeared in generate, northwest China, and mushroom clouds soared, and China’s first atomic bomb exploded successfully. Since then, People’s Republic of China (PRC) has its own nuclear shield.

　　"Forgive my son for being heartless and unfilial, and do my duty for the motherland." This pair of couplets posted on Malan base is the best portrayal of Malan spirit that "everything can be sacrificed, but national interests cannot be sacrificed".

　　Today, a monument symbolizing nuclear test and peace stands in Malan Martyrs Cemetery, where more than 400 revolutionary martyrs are buried. Among them, there are military generals, ordinary officers and men who died in the line of duty, and scientists who died from overwork. At the end of their lives, they still chose to go back there to witness the immortal inheritance of Malan spirit. (Text/Kan Chunyu)

　　The summer has arrived, and the summer in Chongqing has not passed yet. For many girls who love beauty, midsummer means the crucial stage of losing weight in a year. In order to make themselves wear skirts without a trace of fat, many girls choose to go on a diet to lose weight. If you don’t eat, you can’t stand it. If you eat, you are afraid of getting fat. All kinds of fruits have become the most common meal replacement food for them to lose weight. But you may not think that some fruits may make you lose weight and gain weight.

　　Community fruits shop

　　Every day, there are customers who put fruit into contemporary meals.

　　Liu Hemiao, 23, lives in Dapingzheng Street, Yuzhong District. On the afternoon of August 21, she called the fruit shop downstairs, "Help me cut half a watermelon, and I’ll get it later." Every two days, Xiao Liu will let the fruit shop leave half a watermelon for himself.

　　The clerk of the fruit shop will cut the pulp of the watermelon bought for Xiao Liu and put it in two plastic boxes, which is her dinner for the next two days. "Generally, half a watermelon weighs about 7 pounds, which sounds a lot, but it’s all water, and you can still eat it, which is just right for losing weight." Watermelon for dinner to lose weight, Xiao Liu has insisted on it for more than a month, but the effect is not obvious. "I lost 3 pounds, I think it’s not bad. Anyway, I don’t exercise."

　　In fact, there are not a few people who lose weight with fruit instead of dinner. In this fruit shop under Xiaoliujialou, there are several old customers who, like Xiaoliu, choose different fruits for dinner to lose weight. "Some customers come to buy fresh fruits every day, buy several kinds at a time, and buy a little of each." Ms. He, the clerk, said.

　　Although they are all fruits to lose weight, everyone’s methods are different. Maggie Zhou, who lives in the same community as Liu Hemiao, eats some meat and pasta accidents every morning, and uses fruits for lunch and dinner. "One catty a day, at least three kinds of fruits."

　　On August 21st, Maggie Zhou set himself the fruits of pitaya, Cui Tao and bananas. Ms. Qian, who goes to the fruit shop every day to buy fresh fruit contemporary meals, will choose fruits that are not so sweet, such as white-hearted pitaya and small tomatoes. "I will not choose watermelons, grapes and bananas. The sugar is high and the calories are high. The more I eat, the fatter I get."

　　Hospital nursing specialist

　　Some fruits have higher calories than meat, and fruits lose weight before meals.

　　Is it really useful to eat fruit for dinner to lose weight? "Fructose contained in fruits can also cause the accumulation of fat in the body. Replacing dinner with fruit may not be able to reduce weight and body fat. Moreover, the nutritional components of fruits are single, mostly water and sugar, and a small amount of vitamins and protein fiber, but the trace elements such as calcium, iron and zinc required by normal metabolism of the human body cannot be satisfied. " Experts from the Nutrition Department of Daping Hospital said.

　　According to experts, eating fruit is really beneficial to lose weight, but it can’t completely replace dinner. "Actually, eating fruit before meals is more conducive to losing weight. Many of the nutrients in most fruits are water-soluble. Eating before meals is easier to be digested and absorbed by the stomach, and it is easy to feel full, which can help suppress appetite for people who want to lose weight. "

　　"On the other hand, the choice of fruits is also very important. Some fruits have higher fat content than meat. If you choose these foods for contemporary meals, it may be counterproductive. Avocado, which is regarded as a holy product to lose weight, has a higher calorie index than pork, with 143 calories for 100 grams of lean pork and 160 calories for 100 grams of avocado. At the same time, the fat content of avocado is as high as 15%-30%. "

　　For people who lose weight, fruit can’t replace vegetables. Experts suggest that no matter whether the fruit is sweet or not, the daily consumption should be controlled at 200 -350 grams, and the intake of vegetables should reach 500 grams, and different types should be changed.

　　Chongqing morning post upstream journalist Shi Heng