● Behind a small coronary stent is the rapid development of innovation and medical security in China’s medical field. Only by developing and innovating can we get "bargaining power" and better protect people’s health.

　　● In this centralized procurement by the national medical insurance department, the main reason why coronary stents were selected for "operation first" is that coronary stents are widely used in clinical practice and belong to a kind of high-value consumables with relatively high moisture content.

　　● There is indeed a problem with domestic drugs and consumables, that is, if the government’s centralized purchase price is not set, the price will be artificially high; If the centralized purchasing price is too low, there may be quality problems and innovation stagnation. Therefore, we should think about how to find a balance between the two.

　　□ Our reporter Zhao Li

　　□ Intern Sun Yifei of this newspaper

　　Recently, a "combing the quotations of the state-organized centralized purchasing companies for coronary stents" has set a new low for the price of coronary stents: the average bid price is around 700 yuan.

　　The average price dropped from 13,000 yuan to 700 yuan — — The first batch of coronary stents purchased by the state in a centralized way opened a shocking "floor price" in Tianjin. Compared with 2019, the average price reduction of the same product of the same company reached 93%.

　　Xinhua News Agency commented that a small coronary stent is behind the rapid development of innovation and medical security in China’s medical field. As a cardiologist said, since the introduction of domestic stents, the price of imported stents has plunged from the sky-high price of 40,000 yuan to about 10,000 yuan. After 20 years’ development, domestic stents have become the first and only high-end medical devices with domestic enterprises playing a leading role in the domestic market. This is the premise of the shocking low price in this centralized purchase, and it also shows that only by developing and innovating can we get "bargaining power" and better protect people’s health.

　　Significantly reduced price of coronary stent

　　Reduce the gray space of sales

　　On November 5th, the national centralized procurement of coronary stents was opened in Tianjin. There was no group bidding for 26 stent products from 11 companies, and the price was fierce on the spot. None of the 10 selected products surpassed 800 yuan.

　　Jiwei Medical’s EXCROSSAL product has the lowest bid price, which is 469 yuan/piece. The price of the other winning products from low to high is Aili of Yisheng Technology, with a price of 549 yuan; Firebird 2 of minimally invasive medical treatment, quoted in 590 yuan; GuReater of Lepu Medical, quoted at 645 yuan; Resolute integrity of Medtronic, quoted at 648 yuan; Firekingfisher of Minimally Invasive Medical, quoted in 750 yuan; Helios from Kelly, Jin Rui, quoted 755 yuan; PROMUS PREMIER and PROMUS Element Plus of Boston Medical are both quoted at 776 yuan; NOYA from Wanrui Feihong, the price is 798 yuan.

　　The price drop of this centralized purchase has exceeded the expectations of the National Medical Insurance Bureau. According to the data provided by the National Medical Insurance Bureau, the price of stents has dropped from an average price of 13,000 yuan to 700 yuan. Compared with 2019, the average price of the same product of the same enterprise is reduced by 93%, the average price of domestic products is reduced by 92%, and the average price of imported products is reduced by 95%. According to the intended purchase volume, it is expected to save 10.9 billion yuan.

　　It is worth noting that the mainstream products commonly used in clinical practice in medical institutions are basically selected, covering more than 70% of the intended purchases of medical institutions.

　　Liu Zhaoping, a professor of cardiology at the First Hospital of Peking University, said that the winning products basically covered stents that were widely used in clinic, which could completely meet the clinical use and the needs of patients.

　　At the collection site, a medical representative said that it is more than this price to make eyelashes now.

　　Sun Feng, a special researcher at Peking University International Research Center for Pharmaceutical Management, analyzed that the current centralized purchasing quotation is only a simple bracket price, and there is no doctor’s service fee and hospital site fee, which are two different price manifestations.

　　Sun Feng hopes that through this price reduction, on the one hand, the burden of patients can be reduced, on the other hand, the medical service cost of doctors can be increased, the labor value of doctors can be reflected, doctors can have legitimate income, and the gray space of coronary stent sales can be reduced, which is conducive to improving the service quality of doctors and the healthy development of the medical equipment sales industry.

　　Zhong Dongbo, director of the Department of Pharmaceutical Price and Bidding Procurement of the National Medical Insurance Bureau, believes that this centralized procurement will not only help medical machinery enterprises reduce their circulation costs, but also purify the industry ecology.

　　From the perspective of supervision, the requirements for product quality will not be relaxed. "The intensity of supervision will only be strengthened than in the past, and will not be weakened." Zhang Tiejun, member of the party group and deputy director of Tianjin Medical Insurance Bureau, said that the products will continue to maintain the original quality standards and levels as in the past.

　　It is widely used in clinic.

　　The circulation link has the most moisture.

　　Why can the price of coronary stents drop like a cliff? According to the analysis of the insiders interviewed by the reporter of the Rule of Law Daily, because the original price was too "moisture". Some people describe the price "moisture" in high-value medical consumables as a towel in a basin. "You can pour water when you pick it up, and you don’t have to squeeze it at all."

　　The reporter of Rule of Law Daily interviewed the public randomly and found that people’s awareness of the term medical devices is not very high, but they think that medical devices are as indispensable as medicines.

　　It is precisely because of low awareness that people often have no idea about expensive equipment. In the era when medical reform has not yet set sail and the medical system is not perfect, the asking price of equipment is even higher than that of drugs.

　　In recent years, some corruption cases in the medical field have been exposed one after another, revealing a "black interest chain" in circulation — — It may be a link in the chain from manufacturers, intermediate distributors to related doctors. For example, a certain department of a hospital illegally accepts kickbacks from suppliers many times outside the account according to the proportion of domestic consumables 30%, imported consumables 25%, joint and spine consumables 20% and trauma consumables 30%. These "moisture" are ultimately paid by patients and medical insurance funds.

　　Taking coronary stent as an example, the most effective treatment for coronary heart disease is PCI (percutaneous coronary intervention) surgery. Small and delicate coronary stents are the most critical consumables in this operation. The basic principle of PCI operation is to implant the stent into the coronary artery, spread the artery wall and restore the blood flow.

　　"China Cardiovascular Health and Disease Report 2019" shows that the number of patients with cardiovascular diseases in China has reached 330 million at present; From 2009 to 2019, the number of coronary heart disease (PCI) operations in China increased from 230,000 to over 1 million, with an annual growth rate of 10% to 20%.

　　Huo Yong, vice chairman of China Cardiovascular Health Alliance, has published a set of data: In 2018, the total number of cases of coronary heart disease in Chinese mainland has reached 915,256, an increase of nearly 160,000 cases compared with 2017, with a compound growth rate of 15.03% in the past five years. With the rapid growth of the number of cases of coronary intervention, people also put forward higher requirements for coronary stents. The price of domestic stents is about 8000 yuan to 12000 yuan; The price of imported stents is about 18,000 yuan to 20,000 yuan.

　　Although stent surgery can be partially reimbursed in recent years, the cost is still high for rural families.

　　A number of cardiovascular experts told the reporter of the Rule of Law Daily that the production process of domestic stents is completely comparable to that of imported stents, so most doctors will advise patients to use domestic stents, unless patients need special stent models or patients require them. Only then will doctors use imported stents.

　　"This time, the centralized procurement of the national medical insurance department chose coronary stents first ‘ Operation ’ The main reason is that coronary stents are widely used in clinic and belong to ‘ Moisture ’ A relatively large class of high-value consumables. " Wang Yue, a professor at Peking University College of Medical Humanities, said in an interview with the reporter of Rule of Law Daily.

　　It is understood that the cost of coronary stents is not high. In medical institutions, the price of more than 10,000 yuan is mostly concentrated in circulation.

　　Zhong Dongbo once told the media: "Although the average price of coronary stents is 13,000 yuan, the price actually packaged for agents is more than 2,000 yuan, and the middle part is completely the circulation cost. Now we have a large number of direct mining production enterprises with clear use expectations, so medical machinery companies don’t have to promote them. If this money is saved, there is still a fair and reasonable profit margin for enterprises, and it may be higher than the general industry. "

　　Liu Xin, director of the Medical Law and Ethics Research Center of China University of Political Science and Law, also explained: "The phenomenon of inflated medical device prices is relatively common, and the consumption of medical devices is small, and it is market pricing, so it is more a problem in the circulation field. The supply and demand of medical devices is one-way, and there is no market choice problem. Because after medical equipment enters the hospital, the hospital needs to use equipment when performing surgery on patients. It is great to have one or two manufacturers’ equipment in general hospitals. "

　　"Manufacturers produce certain medical devices, which are wholesaled by middlemen and finally enter the hospital. Therefore, in the intermediate link, the hospital’s bonus price can be limited, but other intermediate links can hardly be limited. And now there are many intermediate links, and every link is increasing the price. Many manufacturers may take some improper means to carry out marketing, so the price will go up, thus forming a phenomenon of high price. " Liu Xin said.

　　Innovating products and narrowing the gap

　　Domestic substitution squeezes out water

　　It is worth noting that expensive and high-value consumables are not only coronary stents, but why do coronary stents become the "pioneers" of national consumables collection?

　　The answer to this question implies a key logic of the medical device industry: domestic substitution.

　　According to industry insiders, the market share of domestic stents now exceeds 75%, and four head enterprises, Lepu Medical, Minimally Invasive Medical, Jiwei Medical and Sino Medical, occupy most of the market, and the proportion is quite stable.

　　At the same time, however, most medical devices and consumables are faced with the technology monopoly and patent control of foreign enterprises, and neither the regulatory authorities nor the downstream procurement have the right to choose. The proportion of domestic and imported specialized consumables in high-tech fields such as nerve interventional instruments, surgical robots and artificial joints is almost inverted. In addition to consumables, the field of high-end medical equipment is monopolized by foreign companies. 80% of the CT market, 90% of the ultrasonic instrument market and 90% of the magnetic resonance equipment are occupied by foreign brands.

　　High-performance MRI systems and high-end CT machines usually cost more than 5 million yuan, while high-performance equipment means clearer images. In the diagnosis of diseases such as tumors, a higher definition means that more detailed human tissue information can be seen. The gap of dozens of pixels can affect the doctor’s diagnosis of the disease.

　　"At present, most consumables in China can be made in China. Although there is still a certain gap in quality between domestic products and imported products, it is not entirely necessary to rely on foreign products. Perhaps only some consumables need to rely on foreign products. But in recent years, enterprises should really focus more on product innovation than on product promotion. Enterprises should reduce costs through product innovation and narrow the gap between their products and imported products. " Wang Yue said, but it doesn’t affect the pursuit of the lowest price, because drugs and consumables are too special and related to people’s life safety, and now the quality of drugs and consumables in China is uneven.

　　In recent years, the relevant state departments have launched a series of policies to try to squeeze out the "moisture" of high-value medical consumables.

　　In Liu Xin’s view, it is still difficult to squeeze out the "moisture" of high-value medical consumables, but it is not too difficult.

　　"The problem now is to restrict from hospitals, especially from the scope of medical insurance. This time, the behavior of the National Medical Insurance Bureau can effectively crowd out ‘ Moisture ’ , lower the price and form a virtuous circle. " Liu Xin said, "From a certain point of view, in the past, the health administrative department and the drug supervision department may even be a sharer of interests, so they will not promote the process. Now because it involves medical insurance funds, the medical insurance department has to move this cake. "

　　Liu Xin believes that this centralized procurement with quantity is a good sign, and through some administrative intervention, the "moisture" may be squeezed out.

　　Standardize the development of medical devices

　　Balance price and quality.

　　After the exposure of the bid price of coronary stent, some stent manufacturers immediately told the media that coronary stent is no longer a high-value consumable product, and even bluntly said that "the original in-hospital coronary stent market was about 12 billion yuan, but this time, the market size was reduced to less than 1 billion yuan. In the next five years, there may not be any innovative products in this market, and purchasing with quantity will crowd out the industry ‘ Moisture ’ , and now ‘ Floor price ’ There is also no room for innovation. "

　　In this regard, Liu Xin expressed disapproval. "The price of medical devices is set at such a high level, and it is not the right holder of medical devices who enjoys the price. From the perspective of rights protection, stents are the same as other patented products, and anyone can produce them after the patent protection period. From this perspective, it has little to do with invention and creation. As long as there is a patent protection mechanism, some people will invent and create. "

　　Wang Yue put forward another view: "The reduction of prices brought by centralized purchasing may lead to the failure to guarantee the reasonable profits of enterprises’ innovative research and development. The government collects a large number of purchase orders to exchange prices for quantity, and enterprises often have no way to deal with this horizontal group purchase, either out or promising low prices."

　　Wang Yue further analyzed that the current chaos in the industry is mainly commercial bribery, and the purpose of centralized procurement is to reduce unreasonable costs. But objectively speaking, the price reduction brought by centralized purchasing may lead to the failure to guarantee the reasonable profit of enterprise innovation and R&D, so centralized purchasing may not be the best purchasing method, but now there is no better solution, so it is a second best choice.

　　"Perhaps with the popularity of Internet drugs and consumables sales, it may gradually change from centralized procurement to decentralized procurement. When the inflated price of drugs or equipment is suppressed in a short period of time, it may be possible to find the best and reasonable balance point of prices through the transition from centralized procurement to decentralized procurement." Wang Yue said.

　　Wang Yue believes that there is indeed a problem with domestic drugs and consumables, that is, if the government’s centralized purchase price is not set, the price will be artificially high; If the centralized purchasing price is too low, there may be quality problems and innovation stagnation. Therefore, we should think about how to find a balance between the two.

　　Liu Xin believes that there are two aspects worthy of attention for the road to breaking the sky-high medical devices in the future:

　　First, hospitals should return to public welfare. The medical institutions sponsored by the government are non-profit medical institutions, but now these medical institutions are making profits under the banner of non-profit, because without government investment, if hospitals are not profitable, there is no way to pay employees, so the government should provide subsidies to the medical industry.

　　Second, we can restrict the circulation and production links through some other participation mechanisms, such as purchasing with quantity by drug supervision departments.

　　Wang Yue’s suggestion is that in addition to taking care of bribers, it is also necessary to take care of bribers. "The new law on medical practitioners has established a lifelong ban system for doctors. If commercial bribery is punished by administrative punishment and criminal responsibility is investigated, you can no longer register as a doctor in the future. Once the license is revoked, it will be revoked forever and you can no longer engage in this industry. "

　　Wang Yue also mentioned that at present, the income and treatment of medical staff are polarized, with the high being very high and the low being very low. The income gap of medical staff should be greatly reduced, especially between general practitioners and specialists.

　　"We should also encourage enterprises to sell directly, and even require production enterprises to sell directly. We are not allowed to engage in agency system, turn the current drug and consumables dealers into distributors, and transfer the moral hazard and legal responsibility of all circulation links to production enterprises through direct sales mode. Production enterprises generally dare not commit commercial bribery." Wang Yue said.

　　In addition, Wang Yue also suggested establishing a blacklist system for enterprises, blacklisting production and operation enterprises involved in bribery, and prohibiting sales within a few years.

Machine heart report

Machine zhixin editorial department

After writing articles and drawing pictures, the AI ​ ​ big model now has the ability to play games at the same time. I can’t help thinking, what kind of flowers can DeepMind’s agent Gato play in the future?

If a single sequence model can solve all tasks, it is a great thing, because this model reduces unnecessary troubles. However, it needs to increase the number and diversity of training data. In addition, the performance of this general model will be improved with the expansion of data and model. Historically, general models that are better at using computing will eventually surpass models that are specific to specific fields.

Today, inspired by large-scale language modeling, Deepmind applied similar methods to construct a single "generalist" agent Gato, which has the characteristics of multi-mode, multi-task and multi-embodiment.

Paper address: https://storage.googleAPIs.com/deepmind-media/a% 20generalist% 20agent/genericist% 20agent.pdf.

Gato can play Atari games, output subtitles to pictures, chat with others, stack building blocks with robotic arms and so on. In addition, Gato can also decide whether to output text, joint torque, button press or other token according to the context.

Unlike most agents playing games, Gato can play many games using the same training model without training for each game separately.

The training data set of Gato should be as extensive as possible, including different modes, such as images, texts, proprioception, joint torque, button pressing and other discrete and continuous observations and actions.

In order to be able to handle this multimodal data, Deepmind serializes all the data into a flat token sequence. In this representation, Gato can be trained and sampled from a large-scale language model similar to the standard. During deployment, the sampled token are combined into dialog responses, subtitles, button presses or other actions according to the context.

Wang Jun, a professor of computer science at UCL, told Machine Heart that DeepMind’s latest work combines reinforcement learning, computer vision and natural language processing. Although it follows the previous methods in technical thinking, it is not easy to map CV, NLP and RL into the same space and express them with a set of parameters.

Its positive significance lies in that it proves that the combination of CV, NLP and RL is feasible, and some problems of decision intelligence can be solved through sequence prediction. Considering that the current parameters of Gato model are only moderate, it will be of great significance to continue to explore in this direction and build a larger model.

However, the RL part of the Gato model only adopts the supervised learning method, which does not touch the real core of reinforcement learning-Reward design mechanism, and there is no multi-agent decision-making problem in the current task. Professor Wang Jun said that his team has done a lot of exploration on the decision-making model recently, including proving that multi-agent decision-making can also be a sequential model, and relevant results will be announced in the near future, so you are welcome to pay attention.

Gato agent details

In the training stage of Gato, data from different tasks and modes are serialized into flat token sequences, which are processed by a transformer neural network similar to a large language model for batch and other processing. Because the loss is masked, Gato only predicts action and text targets.

The following picture shows the training process of Gato.

When deploying Gato, prompts (such as demonstrations) are tokenised, forming an initial sequence. Then, the environment produced the first observation, which was tokenised and added to the sequence. Gato samples the motion vectors by autoregressive method, and only samples one token at a time.

Once all the token containing the action vectors are sampled (determined by the action specification of the environment), the actions are decoded and sent to the environment, and then new observations are gradually generated. Repeat this process. Gato model always looks at all previous observations and actions in the context window containing 1024 token.

The following figure shows the process of deploying Gato as a control policy.

In addition to various natural language and image data sets, Gato has also been trained on a large number of data sets containing the experience of agents in simulated and real environments.

Table 1 below shows the control data set for training Gato on the left and the visual and linguistic data set on the right. Sample weight indicates the average proportion of each data set in the training sequence batch.

Gato agent capability

The researchers summarized the performance of Gato when training on the above data. In other words, all the results of all tasks come from a single pre-training model with a set of weights. The fine-tuning results will be shown in the chapter "Experimental Analysis".

Analog control task

Figure 5 below shows the number of different control tasks performed by Gato above a given score threshold relative to the expert performance in Gato training data. Among them, the value on the x axis represents a specific percentage of the expert score, and 0 corresponds to the random agent performance. The y-axis represents the number of tasks when the average performance of the pre-training model is equal to or higher than a certain percentage.

The researchers report the performance as a percentage, where 100% corresponds to the experts of each task and 0% corresponds to the random strategy. For each simulation control task of the training model, they roll out Gato strategy 50 times in the corresponding environment and average the defined scores. As shown in the figure below, Gato performed more than 450 of the 604 tasks with an expert score threshold of over 50%.

In ALE Atari, Gato scored an average (or higher) score for human beings in 23 Atari games and twice the score for human beings in 11 games. Although the single-task online RL agent that generates data is still superior to Gato, it can be overcome by increasing capacity or using offline RL training instead of pure supervision. The researcher also introduced a professional single-domain ALE Atari agent, which scored better than humans in 44 competitions.

In BabyAI, Gato got more than 80% expert scores at almost all levels. For the most difficult task, BossLevel, Gato scored 75%. In contrast, the other two published benchmarks, BabyAI 1.0 and BabyAI 1.1, used 1 million demonstrations to train this single task, but their scores were only 77% and 90%.

In Meta-World, Gato scored more than 50% in 44 of the 45 tasks trained, more than 80% in 35 tasks and more than 90% in 3 tasks. On the standardized DM Control Suite, Gato scored more than 50% in 21 of 30 tasks and more than 80% in 18 tasks.

Robot benchmark evaluation

Remote operation from the first perspective can collect expert demonstrations. However, such demonstrations are slow and costly to collect. Therefore, the data-efficient behavior cloning method is desirable for training universal robot manipulators, and off-line pre-training has become a very dynamic research field. The researchers also evaluated Gato on the established RGB Stacking robot benchmark.

The skill generalization challenge of RGB Stacking robot benchmark tests the ability of agents to stack objects with shapes that have never been seen before. Agents are trained on a dataset containing episodes of robot stacked objects of various shapes. However, the triplets of five object shapes are not included in the training data, but are used as test triplets. The researchers evaluated the trained Gato for 200 rounds for each test triplet on the real robot.

The results in Table 2 below show that the success rate of Gato on each test triplet is equivalent to the benchmark of single task BC-IMP(filtered BC) proposed by Lee et al. (2021).

Text example

Gato agents can also generate basic dialogues and add subtitles (or descriptions) to images. Figure 6 below shows a representative example of Gato subtitling an image.

Figure 7 below shows some selected examples of plain text dialogue and communication.

experimental analysis

In Figure 8 below, DeepMind evaluated three different model sizes (measured by parameter count): 79M model, 364M model and 1.18B model (Gato). It can be concluded that under the same number of token, with the expansion of the model, the performance of the model will be improved.

Figure 10 below compares the success rate of Gato in different fine-tuning data mechanisms with that of sim-to-real experts and Critical-Regulated Regression (CRR) agents. The results are as follows: In reality and simulation (the red curves on the left and right respectively), Gato recovered the performance of experts with only 10 episodes, and reached the peak when fine-tuning data with 100 or 1000 episodes, surpassing the experts. After this point (at 5000), the performance will drop slightly, but it will not be far lower than that of experts.

Table 3 below shows the comparison results of Gato and BC-IMP.

Original link:

https://www.deepmind.com/publications/a-generalist-agent© THE END

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Original title: "DeepMind" generalist AI agent Gato is coming, multi-modal, multi-tasking, inspired by the big language model "

Read the original text

CCTV News:On the first day of the New Year holiday, Chengdu, Sichuan ushered in the peak of passenger flow. In order to effectively prevent and reduce the occurrence of road traffic accidents, the traffic control department of Chengdu public security has refined traffic congestion with the working mechanism of "fast, accurate and micro".

During the New Year’s Day holiday this year, most of Chengdu’s tourism is self-driving in surrounding cities, and the daily average number of motor vehicles on Jiannan Avenue in Chengdu exceeds 150,000.

Li Jinghao, Captain of the Third Brigade of the Sixth Branch of the Traffic Management Bureau of Chengdu Public Security Bureau:Before New Year’s Day, the centralized transformation of nodes and entrances and exits of Jiannan Avenue was carried out, and signal lights were set up to redistribute and adjust the flow of main and auxiliary roads.

In addition, Chengdu traffic police also use video inspection and intelligent transportation system to investigate and deal with illegal activities efficiently and improve the efficiency of road traffic operation.

Police of Chengdu Public Security Bureau Traffic Management Bureau Command Center Qi Bingsen:Collect traffic incidents every 10 minutes, properly handle the discovered incidents in time, and at the same time, collect and warn the peripheral traffic incident information based on the Internet big data platform, so as to ensure that we can discover the traffic incident information of the whole city more accurately and efficiently and ensure the safe travel of citizens.

A far-sighted political party always pays more attention to the youth.

"The CPC Central Committee is very concerned about people’s livelihood. People’s livelihood is first and foremost employment. We are particularly concerned about the employment of college graduates." On June 8, 2022, the figure of the Supreme Leader General Secretary appeared in the Qiushi Hall of Yibin College.

The general secretary asked the teachers, students and business leaders who were attending the enterprise recruitment seminar to understand the recruitment needs of enterprises and the signing rate of graduates. He urged schools, enterprises and relevant departments to do a good job in the implementation of student employment contracts, "especially focusing on poverty-stricken families, low-income families, zero-employment families and disabled college graduates who have not been employed for a long time."

On June 8, 2022, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader waved to the teachers and students during his inspection in Yibin College.

Aim for the future career, mostly for the youth.

"Young people are in the initial stage of life, and they often encounter various difficulties and distress in their study, work and life, and they need the help of the society in time." Since entering politics, the supreme leader has always been concerned about the thoughts, worries and hopes of young people.

When the supreme leader was working in Zhengding, he once went to Liucun Table Tennis Amateur Sports School for investigation, and learned that there was a young coach in the sports school who was excellent and responsible, and brought out students selected for the national team, but his salary was very low. The sports school hopes that the organization can help her solve some difficulties. At 11 o’clock in the morning, the supreme leader left the village with relevant materials. At 3 pm, the sports school was informed — — The county raised the young coach’s salary by one level. The first sentence written on the approval is "to encourage young people to study hard".

In the memories of youth of Huang Daoliang, a graduate of Minjiang Vocational College, there is also an unforgettable thing. Huang Daoliang lost his arms in an accident when he was young. Although his scores in the college entrance examination reached the big special line twice in a row, no school was willing to admit him. In 1990, Huang Daoliang took the college entrance examination for the third time. His father wrote a letter to Minjiang Vocational College about his children’s schooling experience. At that time, the supreme leader who was the secretary of Fuzhou Municipal Party Committee was also the president of Minjiang Vocational University. Under his care and coordination, Huang Daoliang realized his university dream and became the first college student without arms in Fujian.

Huang Daoliang’s diploma.

"We should pay attention to the thoughts, worries and expectations of young people, help them solve their worries and troubles in graduation job hunting, innovation and entrepreneurship, social integration, marriage and friendship, support for the elderly, children’s education, etc., and strive to create good development conditions for young people, so that they can feel that care is around and care is in sight."

General Secretary of the Supreme Leader said this and did the same. In his view, pressure is the driving force for the growth of young people, and giving a hand at the key point and when it is important may be an important fulcrum for young people to overcome pressure and develop into talents.

In today’s China, the pace of social development is very fast, and people’s work and life are also under great pressure. The general secretary is very considerate of young people and is committed to "creating a warm and harmonious social atmosphere, expanding inclusive and active innovation space, and creating convenient and comfortable living conditions, so that everyone can have a happy mood, make their lives brilliant and make their dreams come true".

Joining the team, joining the League and joining the Party is a "trilogy of life" for contemporary China youth to pursue political progress. From the perspective of ensuring that the red mountains and rivers will never change color, the General Secretary demands that the education chain of the party, the league and the team be connected and connected. He said that the Communist Party of China (CPC) has always opened its doors to young people and warmly welcomes them to become the fresh blood of the Party.

The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has high hopes for the youth, advocates looking at the innovation and creation of the youth with appreciation and approval, actively supporting them to shine in life, and praising and applauding the achievements and achievements of the youth.

In June, 2021, the General Secretary walked into beijing aerospace control center and had a cordial conversation with the Shenzhou-12 astronaut who was on a business trip in space. At that time, there were many "post-80s" and "post-90s" aerospace scientists and technicians who provided technical support services for this "dialogue between heaven and earth", which made people see the vigorous strength of the younger generation. A few months later, at the Central Talent Work Conference, the General Secretary mentioned this detail. "Most of them are young people in their thirties and forties, but they are all responsible for important positions." The words are full of pride.

Young scientific and technological talents of beijing aerospace control center dispatching team shot on July 1st, 2022.

Mountains and rivers are the evidence, and years are the name.

In 2015, the General Secretary presided over the first Central Party group work conference in the history of the Party, which opened the curtain of deepening the reform of the Communist Youth League.

In 2017, the first youth development plan in the history of New China, which was personally directed by the General Secretary, was released, which made a strategic plan for youth development from the top design level.

… … … …

Socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era, and the Supreme Leader General Secretary has always been based on the far-reaching consideration of "ensuring the party’s cause from generation to generation and ensuring the sustainable development of the Chinese nation", guiding the growth of youth and deploying youth work.

In the new era, young people in China have more equal educational opportunities, rich and diverse career choices, smooth development and free flow, and a wider stage to realize their brilliant life. Taking the education level as an example, the data show that in 2023, the consolidation rate of nine-year compulsory education reached 95.7%, the gross enrollment rate of high school reached 91.8%, the gross enrollment rate of higher education reached 60.2%, and the total number of students in school reached 47.6319 million, so more and more young people opened the door to success.

On June 26th, 2023, China Renmin University filmed the scene of the 2023 doctorate awarding ceremony.

From the oath of "building a country with youth" to the self-confidence of "please rest assured that the powerful country has me" … … With the changing scene of the times, the young people in China in the new era meet the best period of the development of the Chinese nation, have a better development environment and a broader growth space, and are faced with a rare life opportunity to make contributions.

On the new journey, the Supreme Leader’s General Secretary is far-sighted. "We are determined to achieve a good result for the youth, and we also expect the younger generation to achieve better results in the future."

　　The security of Northeast Asia is in a complicated state of high stalemate and sudden change, and in the turbulent vortex of global geopolitics. The author intends to extract several key variables, namely capital, power and the relationship between major powers, from many issues and elements related to the security dilemma in Northeast Asia, and investigate and analyze them.

　　Capital is constantly alienated

　　Marx repeatedly mentioned the alienation of capital to labor and capital in Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts in 1844, which provided us with a scientific and effective window to understand the essential characteristics of the capital world.

　　After World War II, the world economic crisis similar to that in 1929 was not repeated, and the cyclical and staged crises of capital development were no longer so obvious. Even though the global financial tsunami occurred in 2008, it did not lead to the global economic depression. The main reasons are the self-repair mechanism of the capital world and the high-intensity human intervention after the system failed.

　　However, after 2008, although human intervention effectively delayed the outbreak of the crisis on a global scale, the crisis has not been cured, but on the contrary, it is accumulating risks for the next crisis, so human society has entered a huge uncertain era.

　　The reason why the current world is chaotic and full of conflicts and opposites is because the underlying logic of the world economy, namely capital logic, has undergone profound changes, namely capital alienation. Due to the constant alienation of capital, capital is alienated from the creator of wealth to the destroyer of wealth, from advocating interdependence to a hobby of conflict and war, from dependence on people’s needs to a crazy preference for military supplies, from hope and enthusiastic cheers for tomorrow to fear, despair and hostility for tomorrow.

　　The disorder of the logic at the bottom of the world economy is constantly producing spillover effects, from economic crisis to social crisis, political crisis and international relations crisis at the regional and global levels. Under the impact of this storm of the times, those areas with long-standing problems left over from history, high concentration of various relationships and contradictions and very sensitive areas are most likely to become hot spots, as well as explosive and flammable areas of conflicts and wars.

　　Northeast Asia, which has all the above characteristics, has therefore become the eye of the storm and the frontier of geopolitical conflicts in various times. How to solve the problem of various crises, including regional crises, caused by capital alienation is a major issue related to human development.

　　Power moves eastward again.

　　According to the British economist Angus Madison’s estimation of gross domestic product (GDP) of all countries in history, as early as 1000 AD, China and India accounted for two-thirds of the global economy, and the global economic center of gravity occupied a solid position in the East at that time. After more than 800 years, with the arrival of the British industrial revolution, the economic center of gravity began to shift to Europe, and then to North America, and the west became the center of the world. But Angus Madison believes that the global economic center of gravity is rapidly shifting to the east and south, and by 2025, the global economic center of gravity will return to the Far East as it did in 1000 AD.

　　In the 1980s, human society kicked off the shift of the center of world power to the East, and Asian countries and regions rose one after another: Japan, the "four little dragons" and "four little tigers" in Asia, China, Viet Nam and India … … In particular, the rapid rise of China has promoted the development of the Asian region to an unprecedented height, and Asia has begun to enter a new era of overall rise.

　　However, the eastward shift of world power is not smooth sailing, but accompanied by huge obstacles, resistance and risks. We can see that the process of world power moving eastward is still stubbornly evolving, which has not been interrupted by the epidemic and the comprehensive suppression of China by the United States. However, American and Western forces do not want to see the power moving eastward at an accelerated pace, thus ending the era when the West dominated the world. To this end, they began to join hands and start a global layout. Whether it is putting forward the "Indo-Pacific Strategy", NATO’s eastward expansion, the rise of various military alliances, or the prediction of the new cold war, etc., it is the product of western international politics under the background of the eastward shift of power, which is intended to comprehensively contain, block, delay or even terminate this historical process and move against the trend of the times.

　　Northeast Asia, as the strategic support for the rise of the great powers in the East, has become the forefront of the East-West confrontation in the process of power moving eastward. The Korean Peninsula issue, the Taiwan Strait issue and the South China Sea issue have emerged one after another, all of which have become the fuse of confrontation and conflict between the East and the West, even the powder keg.

　　At present, people are most worried about whether the Korean Peninsula or the Taiwan Strait and the South China Sea will become the next new battlefield after the Russian-Ukrainian conflict and the Palestinian-Israeli conflict, and whether the new Cold War Iron Curtain with the theme of so-called autocracy and democracy defined by the West will really come.

　　Northeast Asia is under great pressure brought by the eastward shift of power, and the security situation is very grim. How to resolve the opposition and conflict between civilizations is a major issue of the times related to the future direction of human civilization.

　　Adjustment of relations between major powers

　　Northeast Asia is the intersection of the interests and contradictions of the United States, China, Russia and Japan. Under the great changes in the past century, the balance of power in the relations between world powers is undergoing major changes. The changes of power relations among big powers, the conflicts of interests among big powers and the strategic adjustment of their relations have become important variables for the security of Northeast Asia.

　　In particular, Sino-US relations, as the most important relationship in today’s world power structure, are profoundly affecting the trend of global geopolitics and promoting the transformation of the world pattern. The trend of Sino-US relations plays an important role in the security of Northeast Asia.

　　At present, Sino-US relations are in the process of deep strategic adjustment, and the security situation in Northeast Asia will also be turbulent due to this, and the future trend will be confusing. It is not ruled out that there will be a tense situation in stages. However, with the gradual adjustment of Sino-US relations or staged easing, the security situation in Northeast Asia will also change accordingly.

　　Therefore, the security of Northeast Asia depends to a great extent on the adjustment of relations between major powers, especially Sino-US relations. How to resolve the crisis of relations between major powers is a major issue of the times related to human security.

　　So, how can we resolve these contradictions?

　　The supreme leader of president, China, put forward three major initiatives to the world one after another, which are highly targeted to overcome the factors that aggravate the security dilemma in Northeast Asia. For example, global development initiatives can resolve the fission of the times caused by capital alienation; The global civilization initiative can resolve the mutual agitation between eastern and western civilizations brought about by the eastward shift of power; The global security initiative can resolve the geopolitical opposition and conflict brought about by the big country game.

　　(Wu Xinbo is the director and professor of the East Asian Studies Center of Shanghai International Studies University)

　　CCTV News:On February 24th, the Press Office of the State Council held a series of press conferences on the theme of "Opening by Authorities". At the press conference, Wang Zhigang, Minister of Science and Technology, introduced the new progress of the national scientific and technological circles in studying and implementing the spirit of the 20th Party Congress and accelerating the new measures of self-reliance and self-improvement of high-level science and technology.

　　Wang Zhigang introduced that since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has placed scientific and technological innovation at the core of the overall development of the country, and promoted China’s scientific and technological undertakings to achieve historic achievements and changes, from independent innovation to self-reliance, from following participation to leading development, from breakthrough in key areas to improvement of system capabilities. This decade is a decade of leap-forward development of China’s scientific and technological undertakings, the fastest decade of improvement of China’s scientific and technological innovation capabilities, and the most prominent decade of the role of science and technology as the primary productive force. The ranking of China’s global innovation index rose from the 34th in 2012 to the 11th in 2022, and it successfully entered the ranks of innovative countries, opening a new stage of realizing high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and building a powerful country in science and technology. The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China insists on the core position of innovation in the overall situation of China’s modernization, regards education, science and technology and talents as the basic and strategic support for building a socialist modern country in an all-round way, and makes special chapters for the first time. This is a major strategic choice made by the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, based on the current situation and with a long-term perspective.

　　Wang Zhigang said that the national scientific and technological circles have thoroughly studied and implemented the spirit and decision-making arrangements of the 20th Party Congress, overcome difficulties and worked hard, all walks of life have worked together to tackle key problems, the eastern, central and western regions have cooperated in innovation, the science and technology industry has developed in a financial way, and the reform and innovation have been promoted in an all-round way, thus forming a majestic force that the whole country is United and determined to innovate. Scientific and technological innovation has played an unprecedented role in the overall cause of the party and the country. Scientific and technological empowerment has become a remarkable symbol of high-quality development, and scientific and technological innovation has become an important driving force to lead the modernization drive.

　　— — The strength of science and technology has jumped, and its influence on the global innovation map has been significantly enhanced. The R&D expenditure of the whole society increased from 1 trillion in 2012 to 3.09 trillion in 2022, and the R&D investment intensity increased from 1.91% to 2.55%. The investment in basic research increased from 49.9 billion yuan in 2012 to about 195.1 billion yuan in 2022, accounting for 4.8% to 6.3% of the total R&D expenditure. The total number of R&D personnel has increased from 3.25 million person-years in 2012 to more than 6 million person-years in 2022, ranking first in the world for many years. The top one thousandth of the world’s hot papers cited account for 41.7% of the global total, and highly cited papers account for 27.3%. China is not only an important participant in international frontier innovation, but also an important contributor to solving global problems.

　　— — Science and technology are fully empowered to provide more high-level source supply for high-quality development. Adhere to the goal-oriented and free exploration of "walking on two legs", and achieve a number of original achievements with international influence in basic research fields such as quantum information and brain science, and play a leading role in innovation in several important fields. Adhere to pay equal attention to short board and long board, and achieve breakthroughs in key core technologies of key industries such as high-performance equipment, intelligent robots and laser manufacturing. Actively deploy new tracks, and emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data, blockchain, and 5G accelerate the application of the scene. Focus on the two key issues of seeds and cultivated land, and strongly support and ensure national food security. Facing people’s life and health, scientific and technological innovation provides more accurate and comprehensive support for disease prevention, public health and coping with population aging. The infiltration, diffusion and subversive functions of scientific and technological innovation are fully manifested, and they are deeply integrated into all fields of economic and social development and all aspects of people’s lives, greatly improving the quality and lasting motivation of China’s development, and creating a broader new vision and bringing better new expectations for Chinese modernization.

　　— — The reform has made great efforts, and the overall efficiency of the national innovation system has been significantly improved. The reform of the scientific and technological system has been accelerated in three years, and many breakthroughs have been made in key areas. Strengthen the construction of national strategic scientific and technological strength, accelerate the construction of national laboratory system with China characteristics, and high-level research universities and research institutes play a key role in implementing major national scientific and technological tasks. The main position of enterprises in scientific and technological innovation has been further improved. The number of high-tech enterprises has increased from 39,000 in 2012 to 400,000 in 2022, contributing 68% of the R&D investment of national enterprises, and 762 enterprises have entered the top 2,500 global enterprises in R&D investment. We will promote the construction of international and regional science and technology innovation centers as a whole. A new round of Zhongguancun will take the lead in adding and deducting basic research and development expenses and paying for scientific and technological achievements after trial. 23 national self-created zones and 177 national high-tech zones have become the vanguard of high-quality development. The legal policies and cultural environment conducive to scientific and technological innovation have been further optimized, and the enthusiasm of the whole society to support, invest in, participate in and promote innovation has never been higher.

　　— — Expand open cooperation and actively create an innovative ecology conducive to international scientific and technological exchanges and cooperation. Open cooperation is an inherent requirement for the development of science and technology itself, and it is also an inevitable requirement for coping with global common challenges. We adhere to the concept of open, inclusive and mutually beneficial international scientific and technological cooperation, establish scientific and technological cooperation relations with more than 160 countries and regions, and participate in more than 200 international organizations and multilateral mechanisms. Extensive international cooperative research has been carried out in key areas such as climate change, clean energy and COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control, and joint funding has been carried out with more than 60 countries, regions and international organizations. The "Belt and Road" scientific and technological innovation action plan has achieved fruitful results and built a number of joint laboratories. Take the lead in organizing international major scientific plans and projects, and actively participate in international major scientific projects such as international thermonuclear fusion experimental reactor and square kilometer array radio telescope. Build more international scientific and technological exchange and cooperation platforms in key areas, provide a broad development stage for talents from all countries who come to work in China, and make China a fertile ground for global innovation and entrepreneurship.

　　Wang Zhigang said that in 2022, with the joint efforts of all scientific and technological workers, China’s scientific and technological innovations were fruitful, and good news spread frequently. The three modules of Tianhe, Zhentian and Mengtian gathered in Tianyu, and the China Space Station stood proudly in space. A number of major innovations such as Kuafu’s exploration of the sun, Qinghai-Tibet expedition, micro-nano satellites, quantum transmission and proton therapy emerged one after another. The expenditure on R&D in the whole society exceeded 3 trillion yuan for the first time, the intensity of R&D investment exceeded 2.5% for the first time, and the proportion of basic research investment exceeded 6% for four consecutive years. Breakthroughs have been made in tackling key core technologies, and new steps have been taken in building the country’s strategic scientific and technological strength. The "Science and Technology Winter Olympics" ensures high-quality hosting and high-level participation in the Beijing Winter Olympics, and scientific research has made important contributions to a major and decisive victory in national epidemic prevention and control.

　　Wang Zhigang pointed out that this year is the first year to study and implement the spirit of the 20th Party Congress. In the field of science and technology, "opening a new bureau and seeking new articles" is to be a "pioneer" in reshaping new advantages in development; In building a new development pattern, do a good job of "boosting engine"; Play a "key role" in Chinese modernization. At present and in the future, we will fully implement the spirit of the 20th Party Congress and the major decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee, focus on the strategic direction of "four orientations", base ourselves on the frontier characteristics and evolution trend of world science and technology, and seize the great opportunities of new scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation; Based on the characteristics of scientific and technological innovation in China, strengthen the clear orientation of self-reliance and self-improvement of high-level science and technology; Based on the stage characteristics of the new era, we will effectively guarantee national development and strategic security.

　　Wang Zhigang said, we firmly believe that under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, the national scientific and technological circles will further strengthen their innovation and self-confidence, strive to overcome difficulties, bravely climb the peak of science and technology, unswervingly implement the strategic deployment put forward by the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, accelerate the realization of high-level scientific and technological self-reliance, make a good start and make an irreplaceable contribution to building a socialist modern country in an all-round way.

　　Xinhua News Agency, Chongqing, February 18th　Title: Make the water clearer and the fish happier — — Protection of rare fish in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River

　　Xinhua News Agency reporters Zhang Guilin, Zhou Wenchong and Lin Bifeng

　　"In the past two years, there have been more and more fish in the river, and fish species that were rare in the past can often be monitored." Liu Hong, a fish keeper in Jiangjin section of the Yangtze River in Chongqing, stood at the stern and looked at the misty Yangtze River. From time to time, fish jumped out of the water.

　　The upper reaches of the Yangtze River are the spawning grounds and gene bank of germplasm resources of rare and endemic fish such as Yangtze sturgeon, mullet and rock carp. However, for a period of time, rare and endemic fish were once faced with survival crisis due to the destruction of ecological environment such as sewage discharge, overfishing, dredging and quarrying. In recent years, with the deepening of "joint protection and no development" in the Yangtze River basin, the ecological environment in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River has been greatly improved, the total amount of fish resources has been accelerated, and more and more rare and endemic fish have reappeared in the river.

　　The water is getting smoother and smoother, and rare fish are seen again.

　　"In the special monitoring carried out last year, we caught the national second-class protected wild animal rock carp almost every day. But a few years ago, I couldn’t get one in a year. " Since 2005, Yao Weizhi, director of the Fishery Resources and Environment Research Center of Southwest University, and his research team have been tracking and monitoring the fish resources in the national nature reserve of rare and endemic fish in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River.

　　Comparing the catch of a research fishing boat in one day is an important means for the research team to investigate the changes of fish resources. Yao Weizhi said that since the opening of the Yangtze River Protection in 2016, the total fish resources in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River have obviously recovered, the population structure has been improved, and the frequency of rare and endemic fish has also increased. Last year, the research team also found 33 Yangtze sturgeons in Dingjiatuo fish spawning ground in the Yangtze River.

The staff recorded the monitoring situation at the Yudong Ecological Observation Point in Zhenxiong County, Zhaotong City, Yunnan Province (photo taken on January 11, 2022). Xinhua News Agency reporter Lin Bifeng photo

　　In Chishui River, a tributary of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, rare and endemic fish also frequently appear. Walking into the ecological observation point of Yudong, Zhenxiong County, Zhaotong City, Yunnan Province, the slogan "Clear water every day, fish every year" was particularly eye-catching, and Yao Mingchang, a staff member, was busy recording the monitoring situation. At the beginning of 2022, four kinds of rare and endemic fish in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, namely Schizothorax kunming, Schizothorax szechuanensis, Cremastodon latissimus and Loach bainite, were observed at the Yudong ecological observation point.

　　Jia Shipeng, deputy director of the Yunnan Management and Protection Bureau of the National Nature Reserve for Rare and Endemic Fish in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, said that the number of fish species monitored in the Yunnan section of the Chishui River Basin has recovered from 36 in 2020 to 42 at present. Among them, the age of indicative species and dominant species groups such as Schizothorax Kunming and Hymenoptera yunnanensis is increasingly optimized, and the proportion of sexually mature fish in the catch is increasing; The number and proportion of medium-sized and large-sized fish sensitive to environmental pressure in the monitored catch increased significantly, "this shows that the recovery of fish biodiversity in the Yunnan section of Chishui River shows a good trend".

　　The return of rare and endemic fish is inseparable from the protection and restoration of fish habitats in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. Since 2020, Zhaotong City has completely dismantled the dams of 17 small hydropower stations in Yunnan section of Chishui River, restored river connectivity, and made fish migration channels smoother.

　　Illegal docks and illegal sand mining, which pose a great threat to the spawning grounds of rare fish, have also been included in the focus of rectification. Wang Wei, director of the management office of Chongqing National Nature Reserve for Rare and Endemic Fish, said that in recent years, the Chongqing section of the reserve has regularly carried out work such as ship cleaning, net cleaning, Qingjiang River cleaning and shore cleaning, and timely curbed the illegal and illegal signs such as sewage discharge, shoreline occupation and river construction, and continued to maintain rectification results.

　　After years of continuous management and restoration, the upper reaches of the Yangtze River are now gradually showing a beautiful scene of birds flying and fish jumping and green scenery on the shore.

　　Fishing is forbidden to protect fish, and fish have a safe home.

　　

Liu Hong (right), the captain of the Honghu Fish Protection Volunteer Team, led the team members to patrol the Jiangjin section of the Yangtze River in Chongqing (photo taken on September 2, 2022). Xinhua News Agency reporter Huang Weishe

　　Liu Hong, who grew up along the Yangtze River, is now back on the Yangtze River. However, his status has changed from "fisherman" and ancient building repairer to "fish keeper".

On February 7, 2023, members of the Honghu Fish Protection Volunteer Team patrolled the Jiangjin section of the Yangtze River in Chongqing (photo of drone). Xinhua News Agency reporter Huang Weishe

　　In 2014, with the support of the local government, Liu Hong set up the Honghu Fish Protection Volunteer Team to lead dozens of fishermen and volunteers to conduct voluntary inspections along the Yangtze River in Jiangjin, Chongqing, his hometown, to help law enforcement agencies stop illegal fishing. "In the years before the establishment of the fish protection volunteer team, criminals were rampant in electric fishing, and fishermen often failed to catch a few kilograms of fish a day." Liu Hong said.

　　Suijiang County, Zhaotong City, Yunnan Province launched a patrol operation against fishing (photo taken on December 31, 2020). Xinhua news agency

　　Overfishing was once an important factor endangering the survival of fish in the Yangtze River. To this end, as early as 2017, the Chishui River Basin took the lead in opening the no-fishing mode. Since January 2020, the national nature reserve of rare and endemic fish in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River has completely banned productive fishing. A year later, the "ten-year fishing ban" in key waters of the Yangtze River Basin was fully launched. The regulatory authorities in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River vigorously cracked down on illegal fishing, and fishermen along the Yangtze River retreated to shore one after another, making rare fish have a safer home.

　　In the Jiangjin section of the Yangtze River in Chongqing, the retired fishermen of the Honghu Fish Protection Volunteer Team took advantage of their familiarity with fish conditions and skillful sailing skills, and were responsible for water patrol and night patrol. The local regulatory authorities installed 25 video surveillance equipment on the riverbank, basically realizing the "synchronization of civil air defense technology and defense". In zhutuo town, Yongchuan District, Chongqing, the police office, law enforcement station and patrol station were jointly set up by the Yangtze River shipping public security, agricultural comprehensive administrative law enforcement and nature reserves to carry out normalized joint supervision, and illegal and criminal acts such as electric fishing and poaching were effectively curbed. In the main tributaries of Chishui River, no fishing and fish protection have also achieved grid management.

　　This is the scenery of Zhongba Island in Chongqing (photo taken on January 7, 2020, photo of drone). Xinhua News Agency reporter Liu Yushe

　　Many residents of Zhongba Island, the first island where the Yangtze River enters Chongqing, have been fishing for generations. Today, all fishermen on the island have completed the retreat and changed production. Zhao Lianglu, a retired fisherman, planted sugar cane on the island and started a transportation business with an annual income of nearly 60,000 yuan. In May last year, Zhongba Island also established the Sichuan-Chongqing Judicial Cooperation Ecological Protection Base, a national nature reserve for rare and endemic fish in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. Inter-provincial joint management mechanism has made the serious border waters stolen in the past a "safe haven" for rare fish.

　　The ecological awareness and the concept of rule of law of the people along the Yangtze River have also been constantly improved. Shen Rui, director of Zhenxiong Management and Protection Station of Yunnan Management and Protection Bureau, a national nature reserve for rare and endemic fish in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, said that since the launch of the "10-year ban on fishing", the management and protection station has made great efforts to strengthen the publicity of the ban on fishing and fishing, and jointly issued more than 200,000 copies of the "10-year ban on fishing" notice and posted notices of the ban on fishing in 14 towns and villages on both sides of the Chishui River. Ma Banghui, a 42-year-old villager from Cangshang Village, Hualang Township, Zhenxiong County, said that the village has formulated village rules and regulations to protect the Chishui River, and now it has become the conscious behavior of the masses to ban fishing and protect fish.

　　Breeding fish proliferates, allowing more rare fish to regenerate.

　　Despite the increasing protection, the existing populations of some rare and endemic fish in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River are still limited, and it is difficult for some fish to continue and expand their populations only by natural reproduction. In this regard, the government departments along the Yangtze River have cooperated with universities, colleges and leading enterprises to carry out artificial breeding of rare and endemic fish, and at the same time continue to increase the proliferation and release of rare fish to help them achieve new life.

This is the rare fish domestication base in the Three Gorges reservoir area (photo taken on February 25, 2022, drone photo). Xinhua News Agency reporter Tang Yushe

　　Chongqing Wanzhou Fisheries Research Institute, located in the Three Gorges reservoir area, successfully realized the artificial propagation of Myxocyprinus asiaticus in 1970s. After years of scientific research and practice, it has built a national original seed farm for Myxocyprinus asiaticus. Over the past 10 years, this research institute has put more than 70 million rare fry into the Three Gorges reservoir area. At present, Wanzhou Fisheries Research Institute reserves more than 100 parents of Acipenser Changjiang, a national first-class protected animal, and is strengthening research to further improve the artificial reproduction ability of Acipenser Changjiang and help its population recover.

The proliferation and release activities of Yunnan section of the national nature reserve for rare and endemic fish in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River were held in Shuifu City, Yunnan Province (photo taken on April 23, 2021). Xinhua news agency

　　"Proliferation and release can supplement and restore the population of fish resources, improve the fish population structure, and at the same time improve the level of biodiversity." Jia Shipeng introduced that since the establishment of the Yunnan Management and Protection Bureau of the National Nature Reserve for Rare and Endemic Fish in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River in 2019, a targeted plan for the proliferation and release of the reserve has been formulated, and 308,900 fry of national first-and second-class protected wild animals such as Yangtze sturgeon, mullet and Jinsha carp have been released, and 969,700 fry of Spinibarbus sinensis, Schizothorax Kunming and Yunnan smooth-lipped fish have been released.

　　This is an artificial fish nest photographed on the bank of Jiangjin section of the Yangtze River in Chongqing on February 7, 2023. Xinhua News Agency reporter Huang Weishe

　　During the spawning period, artificial fish nests are also built in various places along the Yangtze River to provide places for fish to breed, grow and seek bait, so as to help restore fish resources. In 2021 and 2022, the management department respectively built 6,000 square meters and 7,000 square meters artificial fish nests in Shaonvping section of Xiangjiaba Reservoir Area in Shuifu City, Yunnan Province. The monitoring results show that in 2021, the actual number of eggs laid in artificial fish nests was more than 150 million, and in 2022, the number of eggs laid and the rate of hatching increased, effectively improving the population structure and quantity of wild fish. This year, Shuifu City has started to build the third batch of artificial fish nests.

　　After continuous clean water, fish protection and fish breeding, the recovery of some rare fish populations has gradually ushered in the dawn. In the Sanpaohe section of Jiangjin, Chongqing, the riverbank damaged by sand excavation and quarrying in the past has achieved remarkable results in natural restoration through recuperation in recent years. "With the improvement of ecological environment and hydrological conditions, it may become a wild spawning ground for rare fish such as Yangtze sturgeon in the future. We will continue to observe and prepare for the return of breeding groups." Yao Weizhi said.

　　Video reporters: Zhao Xiaoshuai, Lin Bifeng, Long Wu.

　　Poster design: Excellence

　　On January 1, 2020, the RRR cut came as scheduled, and the central bank decided to comprehensively reduce the deposit reserve ratio of financial institutions by 0.5 percentage points from January 6. The central bank said that the RRR cut will release about 800 billion yuan of long-term funds and reduce the cost of bank funds by about 15 billion yuan.

　　What impact will the RRR cut have on various wealth management products? Liu Yinping, a researcher at Rong 360 Jianpu Technology Big Data Research Institute, believes that after the RRR cut, the market liquidity will be further relaxed and the price of funds will drop, resulting in a decline in the yield of fixed-income products; However, the RRR cut will be beneficial to some equity assets, and the income of fixed-income products will decline, and some funds will flow to equity assets, thus prompting asset prices to rise.

　　interpret

　　Impact 1

　　Bank deposit interest rates will fall, and small banks may last for a long time.

　　Since 2019, the central bank has been guiding the interest rate in the loan market to fall, thus solving the problem of financing difficulties for small and micro enterprises. At present, the interest rates of various types of deposits in banks are at a high level. In order to avoid narrowing the deposit-loan spreads, banks will lower the interest rates of various deposit products, including time deposits, large deposit certificates and structured deposits.

　　Liu Yinping pointed out that different types of banks have different capital pressures, and the progress and extent of interest rate reduction will be different. Large and medium-sized banks may take the lead in lowering the deposit interest rate, while small banks have great difficulty in raising deposits, and the reduction of deposit interest rate may be one step behind.

　　Impact 2

　　The average yield of bank wealth management will fall below 4% again.

　　Since last year, the bank’s wealth management yield has continued to fall, and at the end of December, the yield has rebounded. According to the data monitored by Rong 360 Data Research Institute, the average yield of bank wealth management products rose to 4.11% last week.

　　Liu Yinping said that the RRR cut will lead to loose liquidity, and most of the underlying assets of bank wealth management are fixed-income assets, and the yield of such assets will drop, so will the yield of wealth management products, which is expected to fall below 4% again in the short term. However, the impact of RRR cuts on the income of wealth management products such as equity, commodities and financial derivatives is uncertain, which may push some equity assets higher.

　　Impact 3

　　The average yield of the money fund will fall to the range of 2.4%~2.5%.

　　The monetary fund yield behind all kinds of baby financing has always been sensitive to changes in market interest rates. Since the end of November last year, the yield of money funds has continued to rise. According to the data monitored by Rong 360 Big Data Research Institute, the average yield of goods-based babies last week was 2.69%, a 39-month high.

　　Even if the RRR is not lowered, the funds will gradually loosen after New Year’s Day, and the yield of the money fund will also fall. Lowering the benchmark will further loosen the liquidity and accelerate the decline of the yield of the money fund. It is expected that the average yield will fall to 2.4%~2.5% in the short term.

　　Impact 4

　　Theoretically speaking, RRR cuts are good for the stock market.

　　After the RRR cut, there will be more funds in the market, and some of them will flow to the stock market. Moreover, the increase in corporate credit will help improve the operating conditions of enterprises. Theoretically, the RRR cut is good news for the stock market.

　　However, judging from the performance of the stock market after previous RRR cuts, the stock index has been mixed. Liu Yinping pointed out that there are many factors affecting the stock market, including policies, economic environment, the development of all walks of life, market confidence and so on. Today is the first working day after the RRR cut, and all major stock indexes rose in the morning, so it seems that the market confidence is sufficient.

　　Text/reporter Cheng Wei

　　related news

　　A-shares welcome the new year and make a good start. The net inflow of northbound funds exceeds 10 billion.

　　(Reporter Liu Shenliang) A shares ushered in a good start in 2020 yesterday, and the three major stock indexes strengthened across the board. The Shanghai Composite Index once approached the 3100-point integer mark, and the Shenzhen Component Index and the Growth Enterprise Market Index rose nearly 2%. The total turnover of the two cities was 751.5 billion yuan, the industry sector closed up across the board, technology stocks led the gains strongly, and online celebrity live broadcast concept stocks continued to rise.

　　Specifically, the Shanghai Composite Index closed up 1.15% to close at 3085.20 points; The Shenzhen Component Index rose 1.99% to close at 10,638.82 points; The growth enterprise market index rose 1.93% to close at 1832.74 points. The net inflow of northbound funds was 11.395 billion yuan yesterday, which has been a net inflow for 32 consecutive trading days.

　　Citic Securities pointed out that the main macro factors that suppressed A-share earnings in 2019 will be significantly alleviated in 2020, and the fundamentals will stabilize and rebound under the counter-cyclical policy, credit expansion and replenishment. Under the macro-economic decisive victory, capital market reform and the recovery of corporate profits, A shares are expected to usher in a "well-off cow" for two to three years.

　　Xun Yugen, chief strategist of Haitong Securities, stressed that technology and brokers will become the leading industries in this bull market. The superposition of scientific and technological progress and policy dividends will promote the performance of the science and technology sector to rebound. With the arrival of the era of equity financing, with the diversification of business in the future, the performance of securities firms is expected to revive.

(Ada black, blue, red and orange four-color photo release)

　　A few days ago, Ada released a set of publicity photos with intellectual style. Four styles were monochrome-themed, and four colors of black, blue, red and orange appeared simply. Facing the camera, Ada showed a confident smile and was full of intellectual elegance. Earlier, she attended a brand endorsement event in Beijing, interacted enthusiastically with the audience, and sang a new song "Love Reuters Spring", which once caused riots on the spot. In the group interview after the event, Ada’s quick words were amazing, not only revealing the embarrassing incident of being blocked by fans in the toilet, responding to online controversial topics, but also revealing her weight and claiming to be fat, which made people sigh that the crew of "The War of Two Women" was closed for three months.
　　
　　When fans express their self-deprecation and are thick-skinned, filming encounters a big photo in front of the toilet.
　　
　　"I love diving very much, and then leave a message for others." The first question thrown by the reporter is to let Ada read a blog post @ Ada that was just searched out on the Internet. The netizen in the article made a disgusting confession to Ada and asked Liu Yanjie if he didn’t mind his fat. "I just found this myself. It depends on where his fat grows. I don’t know him, but thank him for his love for me." Seeing that netizens sang for themselves and sent their own selfies, Ada ridiculed: "This piece is eight pounds, and the side looks quite like me!" Anyone familiar with Ada knows that Ada often dives online, and from time to time, she replies to fans, leaving messages to netizens, which surprises people, so that fans who are used to her hobby often leave messages online actively, expecting Ada’s "flirting", and once she replies, she shouts that she has been "flipped" by the goddess. For this kind of behavior, Ada laughed and said that he was also enjoying it. He also said that he was actually very cheeky, and no matter what netizens said, he rarely felt embarrassed.
　　
　　But it is this Liu Dadan who claims to be cheeky, but he has encountered embarrassing things in the crew. Ada revealed that when filming "The War of Two Women" in Shanghai, the conditions were difficult, and changing clothes was often done in a small tent that could only accommodate one person. If you encounter clothes with zippers on the back, you should turn your back to the tent door and ask the dressmaker to reach in and help. But what embarrassed her was that she once filmed in the street and met a group of middle school students who rode bikes for an outing. Although they were educated youth, the students quickly recognized Ada and began to chase after him by bike, so Ada got on the prop bike of the crew and started running all the way. After getting off the bus, Ada was shocked. She was a little embarrassed because her little friend for an outing persevered in chasing after her all the way, because her original intention was not to avoid the onlookers, but to take a three-minute leave with the crew and rush out to go to the toilet. "I really wanted to go to the toilet. I was wearing a costume and riding and riding with two very rustic braided hair. They chased and chased, hahahahahaha. Finally, I took photos with them at the door of the toilet, which was a little embarrassing." Speaking of this episode, Ada is also very happy and affectionate.
　　
　　Just after making the media reporters laugh, Ada suddenly put away his smile and said seriously, "In fact, I like to search for my own news, not narcissism, but I like to search for photos that I was photographed while filming or hosting. I will see what kind of person Ada is from their perspective. Some people say that I love being black, I am not being black, I am really telling the truth, I am not perfect. "
　　
　　Respond to the variety show and say: I just really want to win and don’t want to disappoint my friends.
　　
　　Since her debut, Ada, who is riddled with topics, has inevitably encountered very spicy questions in every interview, and her every move, no matter what the original intention is or under what circumstances, will attract a lot of disputes. In the variety show "The Chamber of Stars" broadcast not long ago, Ada took advantage of the opportunity that Sun Jian gave up, allied with Zhou Mi, and PK lost Xie Yilin, and finally won the championship of the current program. Once the program was broadcast, it was criticized by netizens. Many netizens went to Ada’s personal homepage to leave a message questioning. For a time, Ada was portrayed as a scheming woman with great talent.
　　
　　In this group interview, a reporter did throw out this hot question and asked Ada to respond to the online scheming. "I’m actually aboveboard, but I can understand why people say I’m scheming, because people are not satisfied with me and Zhou Mi League PK Xie Yilin. In fact, I did that because I really wanted to win, because that was the chance that Sun Jian gave me at the expense of himself. How can I not cherish it and not fight? As for the alliance, Zhou Mi squeezes out Xie Yilin, it is really because Zhou Mi and I are friends, and of course we will choose to ally with him. I also know why women are embarrassed, and I also appreciate Xie Yilin in private. " Ada replied.
　　
　　Despite the constant controversy, Ada’s popularity in the circle in recent years is obvious to all and undeniable. It seems that no matter how the outside world slanders this woman and throws dirty water on her, it is just paving the way for her popularity. Talking about the reason, Ada said: "That’s because my charm comes from my diligence, and I have positive energy."
　　
　　Married before the age of 35 like Jay Chou, then who, waiting for me to come to you?
　　
　　Good things happened in the entertainment circle in November, and Wong Cho Lam proposed marriage successfully, ending the long-distance running of love; Gao Yuanyuan married Taipei, Mark Chao, and became the perfect spokesman for the love between brother and sister. Ada, who became best friends with Gao Yuanyuan in last year’s hit TV series "Let’s Get Married", was also invited to the wedding. Unfortunately, she was tied up with work and could not go. Naturally, Ada’s lifelong event has become a topic of common concern to the media and fans, and it is also a question that she has been asked repeatedly.
　　
　　"I’m sure I still think about feelings. I hope to get married before the age of 35, just like what Jay Chou said about getting married at the age of 35. I still have a little time, so I’ll refuel. "Ada, who just spent his 34th birthday in Pancake Man, claimed to be married before the age of 35, probably because he realized that the task was arduous and the time was short. In the end, Ada himself could not help laughing. Despite this, she still released her brave words to the future Mr.Right: "You wait, I will come to you." Although this person hasn’t been around, Ada doesn’t feel lonely. "I have my Ada studio, which was just set up two months ago, and then I have my own new game studio. There are many friends around me. The person who is missing is of course better. " It seems that Ada, who keeps saying that she hates to marry, has put more thoughts and fun into her work.
　　
　　Ada, who has always been called "Liu Dadan", often speaks amazingly. His views on many things can be described as a burst of blood, and he also exposes himself from time to time, which makes people feel ashamed. "I won’t go on a diet. I’m really a fat girl among actresses in the entertainment industry, and I’m not afraid to reveal my weight. The last time I weighed it, I seemed to weigh 102, and I was only 163. I really should have hit the wall and died. But I don’t recommend girls to go on a diet. "

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