How much does Tengchong know？
Tengchong is located in the western border of Yunnan Province. The name of Tengchong started from the Book of the Old Tang Dynasty, and it was called Yunnan and Vietnam in the Western Han Dynasty. In the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Jimizhou was located, and in the early Song Dynasty, it was softened. Later, it was changed to Tengchong Prefecture, and Tengchong Prefecture was established in Yuan Dynasty. Tengchong Prefecture was established in Ming Dynasty, and Tengyue Prefecture and Tengyue Hall were established successively in Qing Dynasty. Tengchong County was established in 1913 and Tengchong City was established in September 2015. It is the gateway to Myanmar, India, Pakistan and other Southeast Asian and South Asian countries, and is known as the "first city in the extreme". There are seven nationalities living in the world: Han, Dai, Hui, Lisu, Wa, Bai and Achang. Tengchong is rich in culture and natural resources, and there are many intangible cultural heritage resources to inherit and protect. By 2019, there were 293 projects and inheritors at all levels, including 66 projects and 213 representative inheritors (2 at the national level and 14 at the provincial level).
On the occasion of the 13th Cultural and Natural Heritage Day, let’s enjoy the elegance of Tengchong’s intangible cultural heritage projects!
I. List of National Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection (2)
1. Wa nationality Qing opera
Published in 2008
Project introduction
Classify traditional dramas
Qing Opera, also known as Hubei Gaoqiang, was introduced into Tengchong, Yunnan during Xianfeng period in Qing Dynasty, and remained in Sugarcane Village, Wa village. It is the only local drama in Tengchong that has been included in China minority operas. Qing opera has the characteristics of "nine-cavity thirteen-board" and high-cavity opera, and its tunes are cadence, pleasing to the ear and good at narration and lyricism. The story of the play is touching and the characters are distinct.
2. Tengchong Shadow Play
Published in 2011
Project introduction
Classify traditional dramas
Tengchong shadow play, also known as "light shadow" and "shadow play", is a local art form with a long history and wide influence. According to legend, during the Hongwu period of Ming Dynasty, it was introduced from Jiangnan, Huguang and Sichuan, and it was divided into two types in singing: Western (lively rhythm and high spirits) and Eastern (beautiful melody and solemn atmosphere). Tengchong shadow puppets are exquisitely made, which not only has the style of shadow puppets in the Central Plains, but also has obvious border and regional characteristics.
Two, the provincial intangible cultural heritage protection list (6)
1. Tengchong Heshun folk song "Introduction to Yangwendun"
Published in 2006
Project introduction
Category folk literature
Yang Wen’s Little Introduction is an exhortation ballad based on the life experiences of Tengchong Heshun people and even people in western Yunnan who "went abroad". Yang Wen Cun Xiao Yin is famous for its ancient name, which was written in Daoguang period of Qing Dynasty. After several times of circulation, some traditional manuscripts of cotton paper brushes were scattered among the people.
2. Tengchong jade carving art
Published in 2006
Project introduction
Classify traditional art
Tengchong jade carving has a long history. According to local chronicles, there were more than 100 workshops engaged in jade processing in Tengchong before 1949, with more than 3,000 craftsmen. Today, Tengchong jade carving industry is developing rapidly, the jade carving team is expanding, the production process has evolved into mechanization and electrification, and the technology level is changing with each passing day.
3. Tengchong dulcimer
Published in 2009
Project introduction
Lei bie qu yi
Dulcimer is a kind of rap art, which is suitable for narrative content, events and characters’ emotions. The accompaniment instruments include dulcimer, erhu, pipa, cello and percussion. It is said that the dulcimer was introduced into Tengchong in Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty, and then it was integrated with the local four-tone pronunciation to form Tengchong dulcimer. There are three major melodies of dulcimer, namely "Yangdiao", "Daoqing" and "Sanban", which are light and lively, passionate with resentment, humorous, steady and deep.
4, Tengchong Diantan Shuicheng Lisu traditional cultural protection area.
Published in 2009
Project introduction
Category-specific national cultural protection areas
Lisu Village, Shuicheng, Lianzu Community, Diantan Town, Tengchong City, is located in the northwest of Diantan Town, 65 kilometers away from the county seat, bordering Myanmar, with a border of 24 kilometers. It is said that the ancestors of the Lisu people in Shuicheng settled in Shuicheng, Diantan, in the fourth year of Qing Emperor Kangxi. They were Lisu people who settled in Tengchong earlier, preserved traditional looms and textile processing, and most women mastered embroidery techniques. Folk literature plays an important role in the traditional culture of Lisu nationality; Dances mainly include ga-dancing and three-string dancing; The folk paintings of Lisu people in Shuicheng have distinct characteristics of the times and nationalities, and have high artistic appreciation value and collection value; The biggest and ceremonious festival among the Lisu people in Shuicheng is the Knife and Pole Festival, and "Going up the knife mountain and going down to the sea of fire" is the most wonderful folk activity of the Knife and Pole Festival.
5, Tengchong Chinese patent medicine production skills
Published in 2017
Project introduction
Biebie traditional medicine
Tengchong Chinese patent medicine herbs benefit from the unique geographical climate of Gaoligong Mountain, and are refined by traditional pharmaceutical techniques and secret recipes. Pharmaceutical factory uses pharmaceutical tools such as hay cutter, mortar, grinding trough and bowl, and uses the unique processing technology of "soaking, soaking, calcining, stewing, frying, steaming and boiling" and the ancient preparation technology to produce and process Chinese patent medicines. The products are sold in major pharmacies in more than 20 provinces and cities in China, including pills, plasters, medicinal liquor, tablets and injections. Yunnan Tengyao Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. was recognized as "China’s time-honored brand" by the Ministry of Commerce in 2006.
6. Dongjing Music
Published in 2017
Project introduction
Classify traditional music
The Cave Sutra is the Cave True Sutra, and its full name is "Taishan Yuqing Wuji Always True Wenchang Cave Fairy Sutra", which is a long-standing traditional ancient music in Tengchong. The scriptures are profound, the melody is solemn and beautiful, and it is a noble and auspicious symbol. Dongjing musical instruments are composed of China national musical instruments, such as silk string, orchestral string, playing, plucking and percussion. Qupai is a mixture of ancient court music and Taoist music. The way of playing is dominated by classics, combined with singing and playing, and given certain religious ceremonies, which are solemn, elegant and simple.
Three, Baoshan municipal intangible cultural heritage protection list (32)
1. The Legend of Tengchong’s "Great Rescue"
Published in 2005
Project introduction
Category folk literature
The Legend of Tengchong’s "Rescue" is a legend that Zhu Youlang, Emperor Yongli of Nanming, was rescued by a local farmer with a bowl of fried bait when he fled to Tengchong, so he was named "Rescue". "Great rescue" means cutting Tengchong bait into small pieces and frying them with eggs and cabbage, which is a famous dish at local banquets.
2. The Lisu narrative poem "New Year Tune"
Project introduction
Category folk literature
"Chinese New Year Tune" is a "major" sung by Lisu people during the Chinese New Year. It is sung in a way of dialogue between people and gods, depicting how Lisu people wait for the arrival of their ancestors and gods during the Chinese New Year. This ancient poem sums up the Lisu ancestors’ understanding of the relationship between heaven and man, life and death, fate and reality, etc. The universe, the sun, the moon, the morning, the night, the gods and human beings it shows constitute a holy and spectacular epic realm.
3. The Legend of the Cliff of the Sacrifice of Yunfeng Mountain
Project introduction
Category folk literature
Yunfeng Taoist Temple, built in the seventh year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty (AD 1634), is a famous Taoist mountain in western Yunnan. It is said that to make a pilgrimage to Yunfeng Mountain and make a wish is responsive, and it has become a place where all sentient beings who worship Taoism yearn for worship. There are many folk legends and fairy tales circulating in Yunfeng Mountain, which is known as the "Fairy Mountain Qiongge". The legend about Sheshen Cliff is well known to women and children, adding a mysterious color to Yunfeng Mountain.
4. The Legend of Huzhu Temple
Project introduction
Category folk literature
The Legend of Huzhu Temple is based on the ancient temple Huzhu Temple. It is said that there is a dragon-to-pearl drama in the dry sea, which is lost occasionally and gained by Meng. Sometimes, the thunderstorm is raging, and Meng is afraid, and the temple is suitable for a statue. Meng Nazhu is named after the Buddha’s belly. Huzhu Temple is one of the oldest existing buildings in Tengchong and even Baoshan City. Huzhu Temple and its surrounding cultural relics represent an important history of Tengchong in Song and Yuan Dynasties. Its architectural style and legends are of high cultural value for studying Tengchong’s religious history and human geography.
5. Tengchong Lantern Music
Project introduction
Classify traditional music
According to legend, Tengchong Lantern was introduced into Tengchong from the mainland during the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, and then it was merged with local songs and dances, and gradually developed into Tengchong Lantern with local characteristics, which was mainly based on dance or singing, with simple songs and dances, singers with good luck, seasonal farming, bidding farewell to the old and welcoming the new, praying for exorcism and good weather, and then further developed into a lantern play with a complete plot.
6. Lisu people "jump"
Project introduction
Biebie traditional dance
"Dancing Ga" is a kind of folk art that combines song and dance. In places where Lisu people live in compact communities, this dance is necessary for celebrations, funerals and building houses. "Tiao Ga" takes a circle as the formation, and the "Ga Tou", the leader of the dance and singer, leads the dancers to walk counterclockwise, singing and dancing while dancing. The activity of Tiaoga is of great value to the study of the cultural inheritance and development of Lisu people.
7. Lisu "Sanxian Dance"
Project introduction
Biebie traditional dance
"Sanxian Dance" is a dance with Xiao Sanxian as the main accompaniment instrument, and bamboo flute, oral string and duet can also be played together. On the occasion of "Spring Festival" and "Knife and Pole Festival", all the men, women and children in the village gather together to form a circle and dance in steps with the accompaniment of Xiao Sanxian. The formation can be horizontal or vertical, crossing each other and being flexible and changeable.
8. Dai "Kirin Dance" in Wuhe Township
Project introduction
Biebie traditional dance
Dai unicorn dance is an ancient dance with both self-entertainment and sacrifice, which is similar to the lion dance of Han nationality. It is a kind of sacrifice activity for people to pray for the blessing of the old heaven, for the village to be clean and auspicious, for people to live a long life and avoid disasters.
9. The Han folk dance "Little Back Dragon" in Beihai Township.
Project introduction
Biebie traditional dance
Xiao Beilong’s personal performance in Tengchong Dragon Lantern has local characteristics and is unique in Yunnan and even the whole country. It consists of three parts: the dragon head, the dragon body and the dragon tail, which are connected by cloth painted with scales in the middle. When performing, the dragon dancer carries the dragon body on his back and holds the dragon head and the dragon tail in both hands respectively. In the accompaniment of gongs and drums, he performs various performances, such as "playing pearls with dragons" and "turning waves and surging waves".
10. Qushi Township Han folk drama "Fishing Lantern"
Project introduction
Classify traditional dramas
Fish lanterns, an ancient play of Tengchong lanterns, were introduced into Tengchong during the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, which is unique in Yunnan and even the whole country. The performance of "Fish Lantern" has many props and huge scenes. During the performance, wooden scaffolding is used to decorate the dragon gate, and people dance the fish to play the game of "Fish Leaping over the Dragon Gate". The fish dancers are paired to play "high handle", "low handle", "fish turning over", "fish drying belly", "fish grabbing water", "fish chasing pendulum" and ".
11. Tengchong Han folk drama "Fairy Lantern"
Project introduction
Classify traditional dramas
Fairy lantern is a symbolic play of Tengchong Lantern, which combines dancing and singing. Because there are fairies and immortals in the role, it is commonly known as fairy lantern. Fairy lanterns mainly show people dancing with gods, celebrating the Spring Festival and praying for a prosperous life, peace and prosperity, good luck and so on.
12. The Lantern Festival in Zhonghe Township is "Dashun Farming"
Project introduction
Classify traditional dramas
Dashun Tilling the Field is the oldest play handed down from the rural lantern drama, and it still retains the primitive and quaint characteristics of the early lantern. Before leaving home, Shun was driving an elephant to the fields for the last time, plowing and sowing with tribal villagers, and saying goodbye to the villagers. "Da Shun Geng Tian" is a large-scale traditional lantern play, in which there are many roles, and it takes thirty or forty people to perform the role-playing of characters and animals. There are many props and complicated systems, which are difficult to inherit and protect. It is an extremely precious "living fossil" to study the development and evolution of lanterns.
13, Lisu costume craft
Project introduction
Traditional skills of classification
Tengchong Lisu people’s costumes are complex in technology and colorful. Women’s costumes include "safflower thrush clothes", mainly including Baotou, silver beard collar, beaded beads, "thrush clothes", outer shoulder coat, streamer skirt, large pants, lacquer hoop, hanging tube, bamboo and linen sandals, etc. The man’s costume "Magpie Clothes" has a magpie-like head, with a white gown, a jacket, knee-length shorts and cotton embroidered hem.
14. Xingyang Flower Paper Umbrella in Gudong Town
Project introduction
Traditional skills of classification
Xingyang Flower Umbrella in Gudong Town, Tengchong has a history of at least 200 years, which is called "paper support or support" locally. Xingyang people make flower umbrellas by cutting bamboo into ribs and bamboo or wood into handles, drilling holes at the intersection of the ribs and the handles and fixing them with threads, then covering the stretched ribs with white cotton paper made of leather, printing colorful flowers on the paper, and painting with varnish. The flower umbrella is durable, beautifully patterned and brightly colored, which is suitable for daily sunshade and rainproof and performance.
15, Tengyue Town bait production process
Published in 2012
Project introduction
Traditional skills of classification
Tengchong bait silk production is an important local traditional food production process. It is made of high-quality old indica rice pulp rice as raw material, using local unique water quality, integrating traditional technology and modern science and technology. The product is clean and fine in color, soft and delicious, and has a unique flavor. It is very delicious whether cooked or fried, and is favored by tourists both inside and outside the province.
16, Tengyue Town thin bean powder production process
Project introduction
Traditional skills of classification
Thin bean flour is a local traditional snack. Peas are used as raw materials, ground into slurry, poured into a large iron pot with sufficient firepower, stirred and boiled out with slow fire. Golden color, full of fragrance, accompanied by soy sauce, sesame oil, pepper oil, Chili oil, garlic oil, tsaoko oil, broken peanuts, water chestnut root and so on.
17, Tengyue Town large sheet production process
Project introduction
Traditional skills of classification
Dapian is a famous local dish in Tengchong, and its family has been passed down for four generations. Made from pig’s head meat, the kung fu lies in the words. The big slice of the slice is as big as the palm of your hand and as thin as cicada’s wing. Put it in the dip water made of aged vinegar, bamboo shoots, eggplant, mustard and a variety of seasoning oils and rinse it. It is not oily or greasy, crisp and fresh.
18. Tengchong peasant paintings
Project introduction
Classify traditional art
Tengchong peasant painting is an extension of traditional folk painting in China, which was produced and formed in mass painting activities in the 1970s. Farmers who love painting in Tengchong countryside regard painting as their main spiritual pursuit after their production and work. For decades, they have created a large number of high-quality peasant paintings, which have had a good influence both inside and outside the province, and some of them even enjoy a good reputation in Beijing and have been broadcast overseas.
19. Tengchong God (A) Horse Printing Plate
Project introduction
Classify traditional art
Tengchong Shenma, also known as paper horse, is a block-printed product printed with various ghosts and gods, which is incinerated (or pasted independently) with gold and silver ingots and paper money when praying for blessings, disasters and sacrifices in folk religions. Tengchong Shenma is famous for its delicacy, which is the top grade in Yunnan Shenma art and the best in traditional folk black and white woodcut prints.
20. Tengchong caravan culture
Project introduction
Classify people’s customs
Caravan is a unique means of transportation in southwest China, which is transported by mules and horses. Tracing back to its roots, the existence and operation of Tengchong caravan has a history of thousands of years. Tengchong is the hub of the ancient Southern Silk Road, the earliest international trading port, and an important military town in history.
21. Heshun’s "three drops of water" diet custom
Project introduction
Classify people’s customs
Heshun’s "three drops of water" is a distinctive food culture in Tengchong. One drop of water is a series, and the first drop mainly includes fruits, dried fruits, candied fruits, preserved fruits, sweet liquor and cakes. The second drop contains sweet tea (such as milk fan tea), brain (fried dried rice cake), chicken, pig, shredded bacon, fried tofu, finely fried walnut kernels and peanuts; The third drop is dinner, mainly for delicacies, game, seafood, chicken with eight treasures, hibiscus eggs, shrimp covers, chicken brains, curry meat, roasted pigs and brown-wrapped white fish soup.
22. Lisu people’s "three glasses of wine" diet custom
Project introduction
Classify people’s customs
The Lisu people’s eating custom of "three glasses of wine" is formed in the Lisu people’s production and life, which shows the Lisu people’s national character of attaching importance to feelings and righteousness, being sincere to friends and being generous. The first cup, a "toast" to meet each other; The second cup is a "pour a glass of wine" of mutual respect and respect; The third cup is a "concentric wine".
23. Festival custom of Han nationality at the age of "protecting the territory"
Project introduction
Classify people’s customs
"Fighting to protect the territory" is a kind of folk worship activity. Its main body is the cave sutra, which is a large-scale and well-organized folk custom activity, in which Buddhism, Taoism and Emperor sutra are gathered to complete praying for auspicious disaster and peace, with the participation of the whole village.
24. Xianduo Dai traditional cultural protection zone in Hehua Township.
Project introduction
Category-specific traditional cultural protection areas
Xianduo is located in the southwest of Lotus Town, Tengchong, with a land area of 21.43 square kilometers. Xianduo Village has a long history and profound cultural heritage. With the changes of the times, some traditional cultural customs have changed or even disappeared, but the traditional culture of Xianduo Dai family, such as social morality, language and clothing, living habits, festivals, literature and art, sports, fine arts and religious beliefs, can still be passed down and carried forward.
25. Xinhua Township, the hometown of Achang people’s songs and dances
Project introduction
Classify the hometown of traditional culture.
Xinhua Township is a multi-ethnic area, mainly including Achang, Lisu and Dai. All ethnic groups retain rich and traditional folk culture. The songs and dances of various ethnic groups in Xinhua Township, Tengchong, have a broad mass base, and are highly artistic and ornamental, especially the folk songs "Love Song Tune", "Say Ai Tune" and the dance "Deng Wo Luo" have more distinctive national styles and regional characteristics.
26. Tengchong is the hometown of jadeite craft.
Project introduction
Classify the hometown of traditional culture.
Tengchong is a distribution center of jadeite, with a long history of trade and processing, which has formed its own characteristics. Jade culture is an important part of Tengyue culture, and jade craft production is a cultural industry with rapid development and great potential. With the acceleration of economic globalization, Tengchong jadeite processing and trade has become a bright spot in our county’s economic growth.
27. Xinzhuang Village, Jietou Township is the hometown of papermaking technology.
Project introduction
Classify the hometown of traditional culture.
Xinzhuang Village is located in the east of Jietou Town, Tengchong City, and still retains the traditional ancient manual papermaking skills. For more than 300 years, making white paper has been a traditional cottage industry in Xinzhuang Village, and selling handmade white paper is one of the main economic incomes of the village, accounting for 50% of the total income of the village.
28. Xiaoxi Town is the hometown of bamboo weaving technology.
Project introduction
Classify the hometown of traditional culture.
Xiaoxi has developed handicraft industry in history. Rattan, hat, reed, dustpan, bamboo chopsticks and brown products are exported to Myanmar and inside and outside the province, especially bamboo hats, which are exquisite in craftsmanship, elegant in appearance, firm and durable, and have established a good brand image in Myanmar and western Yunnan.
29. Tengchong, the hometown of Lisu knife and pole art.
Project introduction
Classify the hometown of traditional culture.
The Lisu people in Tengchong have a long history, a broad mass base and a unique artistic style.
30. Wanyao Village, Mazhan Township is the hometown of pottery making technology.
Project introduction
Classify the hometown of traditional culture.
"Tengchong County Records" contains: "Pottery production is mainly concentrated in bowls and kilns in Mazhan District, and earthenware has been fired for more than 500 years." Making and selling pottery is a traditional handicraft industry in Wanyao village. For hundreds of years, making and selling pottery has been one of the main sources of income in the village.
31. Tengchong is the hometown of folk music.
Project introduction
Classify the hometown of traditional culture.
During the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, the large-scale migration of military and civilian villages brought the music culture from all parts of the Central Plains to Tengchong. The music not only maintained the charm of the ancient music in the Central Plains, but also blended with the tones of the border songs, thus forming the Tengyue ancient music with Tengchong regional music style. The representative music includes: Dongjing music, shadow play music, lantern music, dulcimer music, folk songs, Wa Qing opera music, Dai opera music and Lisu folk songs.
32. Tengchong sings books
Published in 2015
Project introduction
Biebie traditional folk art
Singing books is similar to storytelling, also known as "good books", which is a folk art popular in Tengbei rural areas in the 1960s and 1970s. It is a kind of sitting and singing quyi, which is mainly based on singing, and it is rarely said in plain English. The story is vivid and touching.
Four, Tengchong municipal intangible cultural heritage protection list (26)
1, the legend of Deng’s participation.
Published in 2005
Project introduction
Folk oral literature of different ethnic groups
2, columnar joints, Heiyu River legend.
Published in 2005
Project introduction
Folk oral literature of different ethnic groups
3. Lie about Zhang San’s story
Published in 2005
Project introduction
Folk oral literature of different ethnic groups
4. Tengchong Fishing Drum
Project introduction
Folk folk art of different ethnic groups
5. Lisu marriage
Published in 2005
Project introduction
Folk traditional customs of different ethnic groups
6. Lotus Township, the hometown of folk art (peasant paintings) in China
Published in 2005
Project introduction
Folk regional culture of different ethnic groups
7. Gudong Town, the hometown of folk art (shadow play) in China.
Published in 2005
Project introduction
8. Tengchong Lion Dance
Project introduction
Classify traditional sports, recreation and acrobatics.
9. Tengchong Dragon Lantern
Published in 2015
Project introduction
10. Tengchong Dai Opera
Published in 2015
Project introduction
Classify traditional dramas
11. Tengchong Dai language
Published in 2015
Project introduction
Category folk literature
12, Tengchong traditional old cloth shoes production
Published in 2015
Project introduction
Traditional skills of classification
13. Baking Techniques of Mingguang Small Ear Pig
Published in 2015
Project introduction
Traditional skills of classification
14, Tengchong burning pig technology
Published in 2015
Project introduction
Traditional skills of classification
15. Handmade Maltose Production Process in Gudong Town
Published in 2015
Project introduction
Traditional skills of classification
16, Tengchong pavilion production process
Project introduction
Traditional skills of classification
17, Tengchong clay pot production process
Published in 2015
Project introduction
Traditional skills of classification
18, Tengchong paper binding process
Published in 2015
Project introduction
Traditional skills of classification
19, ponytail buckle production process
Published in 2015
Project introduction
Traditional skills of classification
20. Tengchong Fragrant Technology
Published in 2015
Project introduction
Traditional skills of classification
21, Tengchong indigenous oil extraction process
Published in 2015
Project introduction
Traditional skills of classification
22, Tengchong wool felt production process
Published in 2015
Project introduction
Traditional skills of classification
23, Tengchong rice plastic technology
Published in 2015
Project introduction
Classify traditional art
24, Tengchong saddle making skills
Project introduction
Traditional skills of classification
25, Tengchong linen sandals compilation skills
Project introduction
Traditional skills of classification
26, Tengchong black sauce production process
Published in 2015
Project introduction
Traditional skills of classification
Source: Tengchong Cultural Center