Customs officers of Guangzhou Customs instruct enterprise staff to use the customs self-service terminal to handle business.

Guangzhou customs officers inspect the production of dairy products in import and export enterprises. Photo courtesy of Guangzhou Customs

　　Is it cumbersome for export cosmetics manufacturers to go through customs filing procedures? How to go through customs clearance procedures? How to apply for cosmetic inspection? How to become a customs AEO enterprise? On August 30th, Guangzhou Customs held a special presentation on the policy of "Customs Entering Enterprises" and "How to Go Global for Cosmetic Enterprises", and answered questions on export cosmetics, customs credit management and other related policies throughout the chain. More than 100 representatives from more than 80 export cosmetics manufacturers returned home with full loads.

　　Since the beginning of this year, in order to further optimize the business environment and promote the facilitation of cross-border trade, Guangzhou Customs has organized more than 20 seminars on the credit system, and given special guidance on AEO standards to more than 2,000 enterprises. First, it has tried some measures such as simplifying the filing of export cosmetics manufacturers and "internet plus’s voluntary disclosure", such as "reducing licenses to facilitate people" and "promoting business with integrity", accelerating the promotion of "Internet+government services" and speeding up the construction of "smart customs". In August, the overall customs clearance time of Guangzhou Customs was 25.22 hours for imported goods and 2.71 hours for exported goods, both of which were reduced by more than 60% compared with 2017.

　　"One Form" to Complete Enterprise Filing

　　Make government services easier.

　　"The biggest feeling is that there are fewer materials to be handed in. Not only do you need to provide business-related materials, but you don’t need to submit the industrial and commercial business license. You only need a piece of A4 paper to print the Information Filing Form for Export Cosmetic Manufacturers," said Xu Yandan, a salesman of Guangdong Rubik’s Cube Cosmetic Technology Co., Ltd. On August 22nd, less than an hour after applying for filing with Tianhe Customs, which belongs to Guangzhou Customs, Xu Yandan only filled in a form and completed all the formalities of filing for export cosmetics manufacturers.

　　In order to further "reduce the license and facilitate the people", Guangzhou Customs went into the enterprise to carry out extensive investigation and research. In view of the problem that enterprises report a large number of application materials for the record of export cosmetics production enterprises, we will organize a special demonstration, try to simplify them first in the country, and make it clear that materials that can be replaced by online verification or notification of commitments, and that the customs can independently verify them do not need to be submitted to the customs repeatedly.

　　"Can ‘ Reduce the certificate ’ It’s because Guangzhou Customs has been promoting the informatization construction, connecting with the data of the local government’s commercial subject information platform, and exempting enterprises from submitting the verifiable enterprise market supervision (industry and commerce) registration information and unified social credit code repeatedly, "said Li Xiaohong, head of Tianhe Customs under Guangzhou Customs.

　　On the basis that the General Administration of Customs has simplified and integrated the deployment of the documents attached to the import declaration in the early stage, Guangzhou Customs has continued to streamline the documents and materials required for import and export customs clearance, and promoted paperless and online customs clearance. Cancel the enterprise-related list, invoice and paper declaration power of attorney, and the enterprise will provide it in a paperless way when it is really necessary for customs examination. Fully promote the application function of "single window" standard edition, realize enterprises to print export certificates of origin through "single window", promote the functions of tax reduction and exemption review and confirmation and follow-up management business application, and promote the self-printing of "special customs payment book" At the same time, electronic seals such as administrative seal and special seal for administrative license are fully enabled on the online processing platform of customs administrative examination and approval, effectively solving the "last mile" problem of online processing of customs administrative examination and approval.

　　Average customs clearance time of AEO enterprises in the first eight months

　　41% faster than ordinary enterprises

　　"After becoming an AEO advanced certification enterprise, on the one hand, the company’s customs clearance at home and abroad is more convenient, the delivery time is shortened, and the business reputation is more guaranteed; On the other hand, foreign customers are more willing to cooperate with customs high-credit enterprises, and our competitiveness in the international market has been improved. " Liu Jianhui, CEO of Guangdong Jianmei Aluminum Profile Factory (Group) Co., Ltd. said, "According to preliminary statistics, the company’s cargo inspection rate, customs clearance time and customs clearance cost have all decreased by about 40%. The total export trade in the first eight months of this year was about 14.46 million US dollars, an increase of about 21% year-on-year."

　　AEO is the abbreviation of "certified operator", and customs AEO enterprises include advanced certification enterprises and general certification enterprises. AEO system mainly certifies enterprises with high credit status, law-abiding degree and safety level through customs, and certified enterprises can get customs clearance facilities, such as giving priority to customs clearance procedures, reducing the rate of goods inspection, offering preferential tax guarantee, setting up coordinators to solve problems encountered in customs clearance, greatly shortening customs clearance time and enjoying joint incentives from relevant state departments. Up to now, China Customs has achieved AEO mutual recognition with 41 countries and regions in 14 economies, including Singapore, South Korea, European Union, Switzerland, New Zealand, Israel and Japan, and given each other convenient measures for AEO enterprises.

　　Liang Huiqi, director of the Enterprise Management and Inspection Department of Guangzhou Customs, said that becoming an AEO advanced certification enterprise is equivalent to getting a "green pass" for international trade. Customs in different countries can give preferential and convenient measures to AEO enterprises in the other country through AEO mutual recognition system. In this way, whether Chinese enterprises "go out" or foreign goods "are brought in", it is more convenient and time-saving, safe, fast and low-cost.

　　The data shows that this year is 1-mdash; In August, the average import clearance time of AEO enterprises in Guangzhou customs clearance area was 4.16 hours, 41% faster than that of general credit enterprises. At present, the number of AEO enterprises in Guangzhou customs area has reached 1217, 1-mdash; In August, the import and export value exceeded $66 billion, accounting for more than 53% of the total import and export value of enterprises in the customs area. Guangzhou Customs also cooperated with 33 local government departments to implement 20 joint incentive measures, and 376 AEO enterprises enjoyed such conveniences as giving priority to export tax rebates.

　　"Active disclosure" encourages enterprises to be more law-abiding.

　　Implementing "Trust Management" to Reduce Burden and Increase Efficiency

　　"In the process of internal audit, the company found that a charge to be paid was related to imported goods, but it was not determined whether to pay when the goods were imported, so it was not declared to the customs. After discovering the problem, I didn’t know how to deal with it. Later, I learned about the customs when I attended the presentation ‘ Voluntary disclosure ’ The system immediately submitted the self-inspection report as required. After strict examination by the customs, the administrative punishment was exempted according to law. " Liang Guifen, manager of Guangzhou Jebsen Beverage (China) Co., Ltd. said.

　　Liang Guifen believes that "voluntary disclosure" gives enterprises the opportunity to take the initiative to correct mistakes, and also reduces the impact of omissions on the company’s operations. In April this year, the company voluntarily disclosed the royalties involved in the beer and other goods it imported in 2018, and after accounting by the customs inspection department, it voluntarily paid more than 9 million yuan in taxes. Because it met the conditions of "voluntary disclosure", Guangzhou Customs exempted it from administrative punishment according to the Customs Inspection Regulations.

　　The "voluntary disclosure" system implemented by the customs encourages enterprises to report to the customs in writing on their own initiative the errors that are not in conformity with the customs management regulations and are not found by the customs after self-inspection by enterprises. Customs can provide preferential policies such as reducing or exempting tax late fees and administrative penalties for law-abiding and self-disciplined enterprises according to the law, which not only improves the efficiency of customs administrative law enforcement, but also greatly encourages enterprises to consciously abide by the law and is conducive to creating a good business environment.

　　"We launched ‘ in August. Internet plus voluntarily disclosed ’ , online processing makes the process clearer, the communication between enterprises and enterprises more efficient, and improves the enterprise ‘ Voluntary disclosure ’ The enthusiasm. " Wang Lei, Deputy Chief of Inspection Business Management Section of Enterprise Management and Inspection Department of Guangzhou Customs, introduced. In the first eight months of this year, Guangzhou Customs accepted 67 cases of "voluntary disclosure" by enterprises, involving about 31.67 million yuan in taxes.

　　In order to encourage enterprises to be honest and law-abiding, Guangzhou Customs also implements trust management for enterprises in the customs area, further clarifies the work related to the "voluntary disclosure" system and fault-tolerant mechanism, and does not record customs declaration errors for "declare in advance" customs declarations that meet the prescribed conditions. The operation time for customs to review the application for customs declaration error review has been reduced to an average of about 20 minutes, which has effectively reduced the burden and increased efficiency for enterprises. So far, 601 relevant customs declarations have been reviewed for errors, and the number of applications for review by enterprises has increased by 23% year-on-year.

　　"Online Customs" and China Unicom’s customs clearance are deeper.

　　Government service "Guangdong saves trouble"

　　On July 19th, as the customs officers of Foshan Customs Office in Gaoming, a subsidiary of Guangzhou Customs, obtained the bonded goods data of Guangdong Yida Textile Co., Ltd. on the special government service (Guangzhou) system of "internet plus Customs", Guangzhou Customs successfully connected the ERP system of customs networked supervision enterprises with "online customs" for the first time.

　　Enterprise Resource Planning, also known as "enterprise resource planning", refers to the establishment of an enterprise management system based on computer information system, which integrates material resources, human resources, financial resources and information resources.

　　"Through ‘ Online Customs ’ It is very convenient to handle customs business, but before that, we still need to submit the inventory data of the electronic account book verification cycle to the customs business site when the electronic account book expires, and because of the wide variety of bonded goods in our company, the long production process and the large amount of data, every time we submit the data, we must have special personnel to follow up. " Mai Zhiwei, manager of Guangdong Yida Textile Co., Ltd. said, "This time, our ERP system and ‘ Online Customs ’ Networking docking, as long as the enterprise is turned on for 5 minutes, the customs can grab the required business data online, which reduces the time of going to and from the scene, and also avoids human errors for us. The saved manpower, financial resources and time can make us more focused on production and operation. "

　　Recently, Guangzhou Customs has actively promoted the docking of "online customs" with Guangdong’s "digital government" construction project and achieved initial results. Six government service items, such as "printing without registration certificate for enterprises", "processing result without registration certificate for resident offices" and "application for cancellation of resident offices", have been integrated into Guangdong government service self-service terminal, and two platforms, such as Guangzhou inbound and outbound postal express customs clearance inquiry and Guangzhou cross-border e-commerce goods customs clearance inquiry, have been successfully docked with the mobile phone terminal.

　　The relevant person in charge of Guangzhou Customs said that Guangzhou Customs will implement the work arrangements of the General Administration of Customs and Guangdong Province to enhance cross-border trade facilitation, persist in striving for progress while maintaining stability, and further optimize processes, streamline documents, improve efficiency, reduce costs, create an honest and law-abiding business environment and promote cross-border trade facilitation on the existing basis.

　　Written by: Chen Xiao Guan Yue

　　On November 12th, the "Most Beautiful Books" in 2018 was announced. Twenty-five books from 20 publishing houses won the title of "Most Beautiful Books" this year, and they will represent China in the "Most Beautiful Books in the World" in 2019.

　　This year’s "China’s Most Beautiful Books" contest began in June this year, and a total of 541 volumes of 326 participating books were received. After two rounds of voting by all the judges, 25 "most beautiful books" of this year were produced on November 10th.

　　Founded in 2003, "The Most Beautiful Book" is an annual book design selection activity sponsored by Shanghai Press and Publication Bureau. For more than ten years, the "Most Beautiful Books" jury was entrusted by the German Book Art Foundation, the organizer of "The Most Beautiful Books in the World" in Leipzig, Germany, to invite top book designers at home and abroad to serve as judges, select and recommend the "Most Beautiful Books" from China in that year and send them to Leipzig, Germany to participate in the selection of "The Most Beautiful Books in the World" in the next year. Over the past decade, 15 batches of 321 kinds of "the most beautiful books" from China have appeared in Leipzig, Germany, and 19 kinds have won the award of "the most beautiful books in the world", including 2 gold medals.

　　For more than ten years, the evaluation of "The Most Beautiful Book" has always paid attention to the integrity of book design, the perfect combination of book content and form, the improvement of book function by book design, the harmony and unity of design style and suitable feel, and the application of technical means as an important element of design. After more than ten years of advocacy and accumulation, the concept of "the most beautiful book" has been increasingly accepted by the publishing and design circles in China.

　　Invited by the "Most Beautiful Books" jury, Japanese designer Mr. Song Tian Masamatsuda, German designer Ms. Konstanze Berner, Beijing, China designers Mr. Liu Xiaoxiang and Mr. Zhang Zhiwei, Guangdong, China designer Mr. Hong Wei and Taiwan, China designer Mr. Huang Yongsong served as the special judges of this year’s "Most Beautiful Books".

　　Attachment: Winners and comments of "The Most Beautiful Book" in 2018

　　Jiangsu Fenghuang Art Publishing House

　　Comments: The elegant gray tone of the book and the texture-rich paper used are very harmonious with the style of the ceramist’s works. The colorless and concave title needs readers to look carefully to form an introverted style. The concave-convex feeling of the seal reminds people of the production process of pottery, and also makes readers have expectations and reading desires for the content. The content of the book is mainly pictures, and the blank layout controls the rhythm of reading, and the priorities are clear, which sets off the author’s ceramic works.

　　The field of history

　　China Building Industry Press

　　Square books indicate many possibilities of space design on paper. Through the dialogue between architects and book designers in China, Japan and South Korea and the display of design works, the graphic designers in the space of paper reflect the control, understanding and design process of the "field" in architecture and paper, and the gap between the characters in typesetting is wide, or vertically or horizontally, suddenly large and small, and obliquely shooting at 45 degrees, which reflects different creative ideas, spatial awareness and layout logic of different styles. The paper material is soft, and the text content and architectural design concept are interlaced in the cube formed by thickness. The Chinese, English, Japanese and Korean characters have various typesetting forms.

　　Beijing Joint Publishing Company

　　This book uses a wooden box, which looks like an object. Open the box, the color matching of books is very chic, novel and pleasing to the eye. There are books and books, which is the popular way at present. The drawings in the book are beautifully designed, made of special paper, and of moderate size. It is commendable that the designer uses red for the annotations in the book, which is elegant with the main text.

　　Huichuang Youth: A Collection of Digital Media Art and Animation Works

　　Higher education press

　　The colors used in book design are very modern, and with abstract geometric figures, they have a strong visual impact and are full of youth. Every part of the book is combined with double contrasting colors, which is easy to identify at the incision of the book and convenient for readers to read and retrieve. Books are small and thick, with moderate feel and suitable for reading.

　　Shark

　　Literature and art development publishing house

　　Hand-made cover paper presents water ripples in line with the theme of the book, and the concave and convex texture increases the simplicity of the book. Concise text information is dotted on the spine of the book, which is convenient to find from the bookcase. The text uses simple gray-blue spot colors and the most restrained design elements to form an elegant and rhythmic layout. The calm and elegant overall style brings readers into the mysterious ocean world.

　　Spring blossoms facing the sea

　　Jiangsu Fenghuang literature and art publishing house

　　The uneven handwriting on the cover and the paper full of texture reflect the collision between tradition and modernity. The spine binding technique is simple and practical, and the plain cotton thread conforms to the tonality of this book. Text papers with different colors and textures distinguish the contents of books: Haizi’s poems are orange, representing the sun and the earth. Velco’s paintings are white, which represents pallor and depression. When two people meet, they sink into the soil (earth color). The incision is bound by riding nail which is cut first and then folded, which is unique.

　　Chongqing publishing house

　　Record the process of facial sketch comprehensively. The image adopts mirror image effect, and the subject is reflected from multiple angles by montage, which increases the reading pleasure. The package has visual coherence.

　　Xiangna Gallery

　　Shanghai People’s Fine Arts Publishing House

　　The overall shape of the book is slender. At first glance, it feels like a box with a sense of the future. The ratio of length to width is very comfortable, and the sense of weight of the book makes readers not surprised. The white cover is dotted with black numbers, which clearly conveys the history of the gallery. The soft paper in the text is different from the materials in the previous album, which increases the comfort of browsing. There is a huge amount of information, but the layout is orderly, the rhythm is moderate, and the overall design style is simple and quiet.

　　A brief history of the development of camellia bouquet in "micro-view"

　　China Building Industry Press

　　This book is a science and technology book. The cover is die-cut and the light pink tone is reminiscent of petals. The pink color that runs through the cover and text of the book is matched with the rhythmic layout design, and the two colored ribbons that are the finishing touch echo the two bright yellow pages in the middle of the inner page, embellishing the yellow of the camellia stamens. This design wins more with less, bringing readers into a world of camellia. The design of charts in the book not only extends the readability of information, but also enriches the formal language of design.

　　Commercial press

　　There are traces of birds everywhere. Two lines run through the text to represent the flight trajectory of birds and also represent the versions of the works of two translators. This design is quite poetic, light in material, and it fits the image of birds without showing emotion.

　　Beiyue literature and art publishing house

　　This is a set of low-cost books suitable for reading. Designers strive to be simple and clear in the design and use of paper. The concave pattern on the cover presents different scenery and lines in the author’s hometown, reflecting visual symbols such as water, rice fields, houses and wheat waves. The black text on the cover is arranged up and down, and the design is unique. Looking through the contents of the book, the version is designed with a large margin. A line does not exceed 30 words, and the number of lines on a page is controlled within 24 lines, which is beneficial to reading. The judges appreciated the designer’s attempt at this low-cost book design.

　　Shandong friendship publishing house

　　This book helps the blind to perceive the characters smoothly and read their contents by touching the source and development changes of Chinese characters and connecting with the cultural connotation behind the words. The book cover is designed in yellow and black, which looks heavy but actually light. Braille fonts on the inner page have a strong sense of touch and reflect the evolution process of Braille fonts. At the same time, in order to be suitable for ordinary readers to read, the text is specially matched with Braille, and the text can also be touched. The overall design of this book is concise and clear, and the visual effect is outstanding.

　　Jiangsu Fenghuang Art Publishing House

　　Color structure and word processing seem to be on the cloud, and the cover incision is mixed and exquisite. It would be better if it were lighter.

　　Jiangsu Fenghuang Art Publishing House

　　The perfect unity of design and content is very rare for the more difficult chronicle design. This design skillfully outlines the word "Gao" with thread fitting, adding a literary color. The text takes time as the context, and the layout is rigorous, leaving blank and ethereal, and the image of China is consistent with the cause of Gao Ershi, the protagonist of this book. The choice of paper is exquisite and light, and the signature position of the protagonist on the letter sleeve is clever and quiet. Taking the protagonist’s calligraphy as the book coat, the design is just right.

　　Shaanxi normal university publishing head office

　　This book is divided into two volumes, the main volume introduces a wide range of businesses in the market; The design of the supplement is also remarkable. It shows people who are engaged in the industry in the form of cartoons, and the businesses that people are engaged in are represented by folding clothes. After folding, the front is a picture, and the back is a record of these people in the market and their languages, which is quite smoky of market life. China in the street is also the China of mankind.

　　Jiangsu phoenix education publishing house

　　The design shows the true feelings everywhere, and the rough paper wrapped in snacks in old shops is combined with rough edges, which shows the fading folk industry and has a hazy beauty. The ancient and folk binding method is adopted, and the page number is set strangely. The text in the text and the big picture are represented by different materials, which enriches the visual language. Black-and-white pictures printed on crude paper have an ancient mottled intention, which seems to show that all new industries originate from old businesses.

　　Excellent Works Collection of the 9th National Book Design Art Exhibition

　　Nanjing Publishing Media Group Nanjing Publishing House

　　The combination of book box stamping and cover blanching in this book design combines Chinese characters "book design" and English "book design". The Chinese characters are indented and English blanched, and the top of the head is black. The visual effect is novel, which reflects the innovation of China book designers in binding and controlling materials. The text design of the book is also very unique, and the text and pictures are appropriate and even. It reflects the contents of 338 outstanding works very well. Due to the vacancy of the grand prize in this exhibition, this book also makes a unique expression in design. The design and presentation of exhibits have the characteristics of great information and interest. The spaced but unevenly distributed burrs at the mouth of the book classify all kinds of award-winning works and bring the whole book to a delicate, elegant, peaceful and upright reading context. The text is made of different paper materials and beautifully printed.

　　Guangxi Normal University Press

　　This collection of images includes 66 photos of birds (similar to bird-shaped bird droppings), which are common in appearance. However, after opening it, you will find that the book is divided into three unique parts: the first part is "Images of Birds", in which all photos are black and white, true and hazy, and the designer consciously downplays the clarity of the photos and gives a detailed statement on the shooting information of the photos; The second part, "Atlas of Convenient Birds", is colored and described in words. Some pictures can be expanded on both sides with exquisite patterns. The third part is "Revealing the Secret of Convenient Birds". In order to prevent readers from feeling uncomfortable, a special seal is designed, which can only be opened to reveal the mystery and present various realistic bird droppings. The author’s mind is wide open, imagining the dirt everywhere in life as a bird, and using the evolution process of photos from black and white to color to reflect the structure of editing design in visual language is an important reason for the book to be recognized by the judges.

　　Shanghai literature and art publishing house

　　Interesting and humorous, the content and design are mixed, which vividly describes such an unbearable bad habit in daily life and shows the vitality and excellent intentions of young designers.

　　Chengdu Times Publishing House

　　The overall design not only has a strong folk flavor, but also conforms to the reading aesthetics of modern people. Authentic folk embroidery constitutes the chapters and pages of books, enriches the structure of books and brings surprises to readers. In contrast, the text layout is unpretentious and suitable for quiet reading. The cover is hand-cut fabric, which echoes the title of the book.

　　Commercial press

　　From the appearance, it is quite special, using magnet as the envelope of the book, and black as the main color. The spine of the three books is exactly the same, and the book mouth is divided into three styles: hairy, flat and uneven, which rotate between the book mouth, the head and the foot. This design feels comfortable, the photos in the book are also black, and the visual experience is relatively unified.

　　blossom press

　　The design is quite handcrafted, and the softness of the paper is perfectly matched with the rough edges without affectation, which is completely in line with the theme. The color of the paper fits the impression of Dunhuang. The spine of the book is not completely die-cut, and its shape is like a grotto hole. After it is torn off, the title of the book is revealed, which is a clever design.

　　China Youth Publishing House

　　The details have a sense of lens and substitution. The paper material and binding of the preface are all very strange, the color is like Tibetan prayer flags, and it is like the separation of the contents of the book, echoing the middle pages. Ending with a color photo, the vision is varied and not monotonous.

　　china pictorial publishing house

　　The interweaving of blue and purple constitutes the rhythm change of this two-volume sister book. The beauty of this book lies in the illustrations full of artistic sense and mystery, which strengthens the artistic conception of the poem. Comfortable small format is very suitable for this collection of poems, which makes readers relaxed and comfortable to read.

　　Shanghai People’s Fine Arts Publishing House

　　Based on the author’s 40 years’ experience in practice and research, this paper gives a new interpretation of book design concepts and a systematic statement of design methodology. This book focuses on teaching content, rich in knowledge and information, and incorporates various ideas and book-making methods designed by the East and the West. Designers devote their efforts and emotions to writing and design. Considering that this book is mainly used by ordinary students, its book design is concise and easy to understand, and there is not much craft. One aspect that deserves praise is that although the book is a simple paperback, its moderate width is suitable for students to read it in a flat way, which is very stretched. The color of this book is mainly red, supplemented by some blank space. It is very practical to have a printing typesetting series table.

November 24, 2004 Caizong [2004] No.87

Relevant departments of the CPC Central Committee, ministries and commissions of the State Council, directly affiliated institutions, finance departments (bureaus) of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, development and reform commissions and price bureaus:
　　In order to fully implement the Administrative Licensing Law and promote administration according to law, in accordance with the Notice of the State Council on Printing and Distributing the Implementation Outline of Comprehensively Promoting Administration according to Law (Guo Fa [2004] No.10), the Implementation Opinions of General Office of the State Council on Implementing the Implementation Outline of Comprehensively Promoting Administration according to Law (Guo Fa [2004] No.24) and the State Council’s Decision on the Third Batch of Cancellation and Adjustment of Administrative Examination and Approval Items (Guo Fa [2004]) As well as the relevant provisions of the Notice of the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Finance on Clearing up the Charges of Administrative Organs and Institutions (No.1196 [2004] of the Development and Reform Commission), we have comprehensively cleaned up the national and central departments and units’ administrative examination and approval (including administrative licensing, the same below) and decided to announce the cancellation of 103 administrative examination and approval and other charging items. The relevant matters are hereby notified as follows:
　　First, the following 84 items have been approved by the Ministry of Finance and the National Development and Reform Commission (including the former State Planning Commission and the former State Price Bureau), but the administrative examination and approval fees that do not meet the provisions of laws and administrative regulations shall be announced for cancellation.
　　(1) Public security departments
　　1 border management area pass fee
　　2 border residents entry and exit permit fee
　　3. The cost of the foreigner’s settlement identity confirmation form
　　4. Work fee for the ship’s work permit
　　5 Taiwan Province compatriots travel certificate fee.
　　6. driver’s license annual inspection fee
　　7. Handling fees for major and extraordinarily serious traffic accidents
　　8. Fee for holding a gun license for official use
　　9. Cost of civil firearms holding license
　　10 explosive storage license fee
　　11 explosives use license fee
　　12. Fee for explosives purchase certificate
　　13 explosives transport license fee
　　14. The demolition work permit fee
　　(B) development and reform (coal) sector
　　15. Cost of coal business qualification certificate
　　(3) Food and drug supervision departments
　　16 new biological products approval fee (incorporated into the new drug approval fee)
　　17. Registration fee for export license of special chemicals
　　18 drug packaging materials, container production enterprise license review fee
　　(IV) Agricultural sector
　　19 export pesticide approval fee
　　20. Application for examination and approval fee for pesticide test
　　21. Soil and fertilizer testing fee
　　22. Registration fee for fertilizer, soil conditioner and plant growth regulator (including registration certificate fee)
　　23. Regional test fee for crop varieties
　　(5) Industrial and commercial departments
　　24 "trademark registration certificate" verification fee
　　(6) Information industry departments
　　25. Radio registration fee (including fees charged by other departments)
　　26 basic telecommunications business license fee
　　27 trans regional value-added telecommunications business license fee
　　28 value-added telecommunications business license fee
　　(VII) Science and Technology Department
　　29. Technology contract registration fee
　　30 science and technology award evaluation fee (including other departments)
　　(8) Department of land and resources
　　31. Examination and approval fee for geological survey report
　　32 construction land approval fee
　　(9) Surveying and mapping departments
　　33 surveying and mapping work permit fee
　　34. Surveying and mapping qualification fee
　　(10) Department of tobacco monopoly
　　35 tobacco monopoly license (including production, wholesale, retail, temporary) charges
　　(11) Zhongzhi Administration Bureau
　　36. Evaluation fee for scientific research and production units of commercial password products
　　37. Annual fee for licensed sales of commercial password products
　　(twelve) personnel and other departments belong to the talent flow center.
　　38. Political examination fee for going abroad
　　(13) Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense
　　39. Licensing fees for nuclear materials
　　(14) People’s Bank of China
　　40. Charge for loan card
　　(fifteen) the competent department of production safety (coal)
　　41 dangerous chemicals business license fee
　　42. Fee for special operators’ operation certificate (IC card)
　　43 township coal mine safety production conditions certificate fee
　　(16) Judicial department
　　44. Fee for lawyer’s practice license
　　45 grass-roots legal service workers practicing license fee
　　46. Notary’s practice certificate fee
　　47 law firm practice license fee
　　(17) Press and publication department
　　48 newspaper publishing license fee
　　49. Press card fee
　　(XVIII) Cultural departments
　　50. Performance license fee
　　(XIX) Forestry Department
　　51. Timber transport license fee
　　52 timber cutting license fee
　　53 domestication and breeding license fee
　　54. Fee for special hunting and catching license
　　55 hunting license fee
　　(twenty) population and family planning departments.
　　56 "floating population marriage certificate" fee
　　(twenty-one) civil aviation management department
　　57. Business license fee
　　58 civil aviation safety inspection license fee
　　59. Safety inspection instrument use certificate fee
　　(XXII) Railway departments
　　60 liquefied gas railway tank car (tank) transport license fee
　　(XXIII) Construction Department
　　61. Certified architect certificate fee
　　62. Certificate fee for registered structural engineer
　　63. Certificate fee for registered town planners
　　64. Certificate fee for real estate appraisers
　　65 real estate agent registration certificate fee
　　66. Cost engineer certificate fee
　　67. Supervision engineer certificate fee
　　68 engineering survey and design qualification certification fees
　　69 construction enterprise qualification examination certificate fee
　　70. Construction supervision certificate (including supervision engineer certificate and supervision unit certificate) fee
　　71 city planning qualification certificate fee
　　(twenty-four) labor and social security departments
　　72 wage fund management manual fee
　　(twenty-five) education department
　　73 at their own expense to study abroad intermediary service institutions qualification certificate fee
　　(XXVI) Department of Transportation
　　74. Fee for work permit on water and underwater.
　　(27) China Securities Regulatory Commission.
　　75. Issuance audit fee
　　(28) General Administration of Customs
　　76 customs supervision fees for duty-free goods
　　77. Customs supervision fees for goods in export supervised warehouses
　　78. Tax refund (customs clearance) fee for imported goods
　　79. The vehicle takes up the inspection fee for overtime.
　　80. Vehicle inspection fee
　　(XXIX) Health department
　　81 private medical institutions management fees
　　(30) Port administrative departments (local governments)
　　82. Port management (construction) fee
　　(31) Quality inspection and quarantine department
　　83 cotton quality inspector registration certificate fee
　　(32) Intellectual property department
　　84 intellectual property training center school funding
　　Two, the following seven administrative examination and approval fees have been approved by the Ministry of Finance and the National Development and Reform Commission (including the former State Planning Commission and the former State Price Bureau), with the third batch of administrative examination and approval items cancelled in the State Council.
　　(a) the public security (production safety) department
　　1 explosives (including fireworks) safety production license fee
　　2 explosives (including fireworks) sales license fee
　　(2) The financial department
　　3. Examination fees for registered accountants to perform securities and futures-related businesses.
　　(III) Agricultural sector
　　4 veterinary drug preparation license fee
　　(4) Commercial departments
　　5. Fee for import certificate of specific mechanical and electrical products
　　6 mechanical and electrical products import quota certificate fee
　　(5) General Administration of Customs
　　7. Registration fee for customs declaration unit
　　　 Three, the following 12 administrative examination and approval fees, belonging to the relevant departments ultra vires approval fees, to be announced to cancel.
　　(1) People’s Bank of China
　　1 mechanical and electrical products import registration form fee
　　(2) Department of transportation
　　2 "water transport license" fee
　　3. Cost of building fire protection certificate
　　4. Fire control construction permit fee
　　5. Fire control audit fee
　　6 explosives management certificate fee
　　(3) Tourism sector
　　7. Fee for star report of tourist hotel
　　8 travel agency business license fee
　　9. Travel agency to declare technical report fee
　　10. Fee for the list of overseas travel teams
　　11 outbound tour guide card fee
　　12 tour guide qualification certificate fee
　　Four, the above fees, in addition to the cancellation of the third batch of administrative examination and approval items in the State Council, the fees approved by the relevant departments beyond their authority shall be corrected immediately, and other fees shall be cancelled as of January 1, 2005. Relevant collecting departments and units shall, in accordance with the regulations, go through the cancellation procedures of the License for Charges at the competent price department that originally issued the License for Charges, and go through the cancellation procedures of the bills at the financial department that originally issued the bills for charges. Before January 1, 2005, the balance of relevant funds for charges shall be paid in full to the state treasury or financial accounts in strict accordance with the channels originally prescribed by the financial department. Where the provisions of relevant documents in the past are inconsistent with this notice, the provisions of this notice shall prevail.
　　Five, after the cancellation of the above fees, the relevant departments and units in accordance with laws, administrative regulations and the provisions of the State Council to perform the functions of administrative examination and approval or the issuance of licenses required funds, by the financial department at the same level through the departmental budget or approved by the financial department charged channels to be guaranteed. The financial departments at all levels shall ensure that the relevant departments and units shall perform the expenses required for administrative examination and approval according to law.
　　Six, all regions and relevant departments should be strictly in accordance with the provisions of this notice and the development and reform price [2004] No.1196 document, conscientiously implement the announced cancellation of fees and charges, and before the end of January 2005, the region, the department to implement the cancellation of fees and charges, the amount involved and other reports to the Ministry of Finance, the National Development and Reform Commission for the record.

　　CC: General Office of the State Council, offices of the Financial Ombudsman of the Ministry of Finance in all provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and cities under separate state planning.

　　Chen Xinfeng, the person in charge of the ecological park, and the staff are carrying out professional leaf splitting, flower thinning and fruit thinning on the elevated strawberries to ensure the quality after listing. This is the second year that he has cultivated strawberries without soil. Compared with the traditional cultivation of strawberries, this cultivation technology has a better planting environment and greatly improved the picking experience of tourists.　

　　

Tourists pick and punch cards in the high-ridge strawberry greenhouse.　

　　"Our main varieties are ice cream strawberries, chocolate strawberries and cream strawberries. The output of each greenhouse is about 4,000 kilograms, and each kilogram can be sold to 45 yuan. From now until June, it is the peak season for picking, and the total income is expected to reach 300,000 yuan." Chen Xinfeng told reporters that the strawberries he planted were well received by the market. In addition to supplying local supermarkets, many customers in Zhengzhou and Luoyang booked them, which was in short supply.　

The person in charge introduced the situation of soilless cultivation of strawberries for tourists who came to pick them.　

　　Inspired by "elevated" strawberries, in 2024, Chen Xinfeng transformed the strawberry greenhouse into a smart agricultural greenhouse to plant "high-ridge" strawberries to improve quality and yield. In the transformation, he raised the ridge by 30 cm with steel frame, which is more suitable for the development of sightseeing and picking agriculture; Adopt intelligent drip irrigation and water circulation heating technology system to accurately control air humidity and nutrient supply, and ensure stable growth environment while saving water and fertilizer; Using physical pest control and biological control technology to replace traditional pesticides to ensure that strawberries are green and pollution-free; Equipped with automatic temperature control and light supplement equipment, so that strawberry growth is not limited by natural conditions; Pure water irrigation is used to provide high-quality and stable water source for strawberry growth and accurately meet water demand. At the same time, he also introduced the drone pollination technology of "low temperature tolerance, no flight and no shed collision", which not only improved the fruit setting rate of strawberries, but also improved the fruit quality, making the fruit shape correct and the taste sweet.　

　　Walking into the meat rabbit breeding base in Hanxi Village, Dading Street, rows of modern breeding cages are uniform, and fat meat rabbits are eating and drinking leisurely. The head of the base, Mao Xing, observed the growth of rabbits and carefully recorded them. "At present, there are 144 groups of modern breeding cages in our base, with a total of more than 3,400 meat rabbits, with an annual slaughter of more than 60,000, which can generate income of 500,000 yuan." Mao Xing happily talked to the reporter about the "rabbit breeding".　

Technicians check the growth of meat rabbits.　

　　There are only three or four workers in the clean and tidy breeding shed, thanks to the automatic breeding equipment introduced by the base. Automatic temperature control technology can adjust the temperature of the breeding shed in time, which is more suitable for the growth of meat rabbits; Set the feeding time on the computer, automatically start the feeding function at the point of arrival, and automatically cut off the power after feeding, feeding 1-6 times a day, which better caters to the physiological characteristics of rabbits with less food and more meals; The automatic excrement cleaning system can automatically clean excrement, reduce ammonia smell and flies and mosquitoes, reduce the disease probability and mortality of meat rabbits, and improve the survival rate of young rabbits. In addition, the rabbit manure is also used as agricultural fertilizer and exported to Fujian and Shaanxi, which increases the economic benefits.　

　　"This meat rabbit breeding project can also increase the income of the village collective by 100,000 yuan every year. In the next step, the two village committees will encourage interested people to learn rabbit breeding technology, so that meat rabbit breeding will become a characteristic industry in the village and a project to increase people’s income." Yao Jialian, secretary of the village party branch, introduced.　

　　The industry is prosperous, the countryside is strong and the villagers are rich. In recent years, mengzhou city has continuously intensified the adjustment of agricultural industrial structure. By increasing the popularization and application of intelligent agricultural technologies such as drones, Internet of Things and big data in agricultural production, it has changed the extensive production management mode of traditional agriculture, improved agricultural production efficiency, improved the output and quality of agricultural products, and promoted the sustainable development of agriculture.　

　　It is reported that in the next step, mengzhou city will promote agricultural modernization and intelligence by cultivating high-quality agricultural skilled talents in the new era, accelerating the application of smart agricultural technology, strengthening the guarantee of data elements, and strengthening the construction of talent teams, empowering the masses with smart agriculture, helping the rural areas to fully revitalize, and painting a new picture of a beautiful countryside with strong agriculture, beautiful countryside and rich farmers.　

　　(Guangming Daily full media reporter Michael Cui correspondent Hou Wei Chen Daoming)　

The military parade is an extremely grand military ceremony.

It embodies the national prestige of a country, the military prestige of an army and the integrity of a nation.

It is an important form for soldiers to swear loyalty to the country and show their military style.

It is of great significance for promoting national prestige and military prestige, inspiring national spirit and inspiring patriotic enthusiasm.

Since the founding of New China, there have been 14 National Day military parades and the Victory Day of the Anti-Japanese War in 2015, and military parades have also been held in some large-scale military exercises.

There are many perspectives on how to look at these military parades.

You can see it from the reading formation

You can see from the weapons and equipment

From the clothing of the troops being read

You can see from the slogan of the military parade.

You can also look at it from the leader’s review car and so on

In short, the National Day military parade has a lot to watch.

From these perspectives, we can see that the achievements of national defense modernization and the revolutionary, modernized and regularized new features of the People’s Liberation Army reflect the comprehensive quality and economic strength of the country, as well as the military and cultural level of the country and the army.

"CNR National Defense Time and Space" specially invited Jiang Tingyu, former director and researcher of the Editorial Research Department of China People’s Revolutionary Military Museum, to tell you about it.

Viewing the military parade from multiple perspectives

first episode

Viewing the military parade from the formation of the troops being read

The pictures in this article are all from "CNR National Defense Time and Space" WeChat WeChat official account.

The formation of military parade is an important content and element of military parade. The formations read can reflect the development process of the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) from a single army to a synthetic army of various military types, the reform and changes of the PLA establishment system, and the achievements of the national defense and army building in new China and the brand-new features of the PLA’s revolutionary, modern and regular construction.

Founding ceremony military parade

Navy, air force

First formation. See Synonyms at first formation

The troops being read are mainly the army.

In the founding ceremony military parade in 1949, 16,400 troops were read, which were formed in the sequence of the navy, army and air force. Although the navy had only two platoons, it was organized as a square team and walked in the front. The army is formed in the order of infantry division, artillery division, chariot division and cavalry division. Seventeen aircraft of the Air Force are organized into a mixed flight echelon and six detachments. The troops under study are nominally the army, navy and air force, but in fact they are mainly the army, and the army is mainly the infantry. The navy, air force and other arms are still being formed.

Navy parade in founding ceremony.

Cavalry team in founding ceremony military parade

Military parade on the first anniversary of National Day

The number of reference troops is the largest, and the formation under review has reflected the gradual progress from a single army to a synthetic army of various services and arms.

In 1950, 24,209 officers and men participated in the National Day military parade, which was the largest number of troops in the 13th National Day military parade in New China. During the National Day military parade, the leading bodies of the air force, navy, artillery, armored forces and other services and arms have been established, and the objects and formations read have reflected that the People’s Liberation Army has gradually moved from a single army to a synthetic army of various services and arms.

The air force parade in the National Day military parade in 1950.

1950年国庆阅兵接受检阅的坦克方队

国庆两周年阅兵

军事院校、伞兵部队、探照灯部队和民兵编队首次参加受阅。

1951年国庆阅兵，受阅的陆海空三军部队和民兵代表13348人。地面方队13个，空中梯队3个，共16个编队。这次阅兵，首次出现了军事院校方队，并且作为受阅第一方队，反映了我军注重院校建设，重视培养军队现代军事人才 。伞兵部队、探照灯部队也是首次编队受阅。民兵作为一个方队首次参加国庆阅兵。

1951年国庆阅兵中军事学院方队

首次受阅的伞兵部队

国庆三周年阅兵

公安部队首次编队受阅

1952年国庆阅兵，陆海空三军部队和民兵代表11300多人接受检阅。公安部队第一次编队受阅。1950年11月公安部队领导机构成立，公安部队成为人民解放军的一个重要军种。

1952年国庆阅兵中民兵方队

国庆四周年阅兵

The first formation of "Katyusha" rocket artillery was read

1953国庆阅兵，陆海空军代表11035人参加受阅，48个地面方队和6个空中梯队。“喀秋莎”火箭炮兵首次编队受阅，成为阅兵的一个亮点。在炮兵方队里，拖拉机牵引着巨大的加榴炮通过天安门广场。“拖拉机拖炮”成为国庆四周年阅兵的一道风景线。

The first formation of "Katyusha" rocket artillery was read

Military parade on the fifth anniversary of National Day

The cavalry team was read for the last time

In the National Day military parade in 1954, there were 10,384 people in 38 teams on the ground and 4 flight echelons in the air. Among them, there are 7 military academies, and the cavalry has been organized into 6 teams. This is the last time the cavalry troops were reviewed in the National Day military parade. Since then, the cavalry troops have withdrawn from the National Day military parade stage.

The cavalry team that was read for the last time

Military parade on the sixth anniversary of National Day

The People’s Liberation Army implements the military rank system.

For the first time, a general leader appeared in the troops under study.

In the National Day military parade in 1955, 10,344 troops were read by the armed forces, forming 27 square teams and several flight echelons. After the People’s Liberation Army implemented the military rank system, all the officers and men of each party team of the army, navy and air force were wearing new military uniforms, wearing ranks and badges, and they were full of energy and spirits, showing the new look of the People’s Liberation Army after the military rank system was implemented. This military parade, in the military academy team, there was also a general leader.

The military academy team led by the general

Military parade on the seventh anniversary of National Day

Due to the rain, the airborne echelon was not read.

In the National Day military parade in 1956, 11,929 troops were referred to and organized into 29 ground teams and several flight echelons for reference. See the officers and men of the army taking the domestic Jiefang brand car for review. The airborne echelon was not read because of the rain.

People’s Liberation Army reading in the rain

National Day Eighth Anniversary Parade

It is the one with the least number of readers.

The first formation of domestic fighters was read.

In the National Day military parade in 1957, there were 29 parade teams and 5 aerial echelons, with 7064 participants, which was the least among the 13 military parades in New China. During the National Day military parade in 1957, China’s self-produced Il-28 jet bomber and J -5 fighter participated in the aerial echelon for the first time.

China’s self-produced bombers and fighters participated in the aerial echelon for the first time.

National Day Ninth Anniversary Parade

Seven militia divisions in the capital were read.

The first formation of female militia. See Synonyms at first.

In the National Day military parade in 1958, there were 7,856 soldiers and militiamen, and 15 trekking teams, 14 vehicle teams and 6 aerial echelons were reviewed. "Capital Militia Division" appeared in the reading team for the first time, with seven capital militia divisions as references, and female militiamen were read in formation for the first time.

North China militia team read

The female militia team being read

National Day 10th Anniversary Parade

Refer to the large number of planes and the large number of air echelons.

In the National Day military parade in 1959, there were 11,018 troops in 35 formations, including 15 trekking teams, 14 vehicle teams, 6 aerial echelons and 155 planes. Compared with previous military parades, the number of planes and air echelons is the largest. The military parade was large in scale, but it only took 58 minutes, indicating that the organization of the military parade is becoming more and more thorough and mature.

The air echelon being read

Military parade on the 35th anniversary of National Day

The strategic missile team, the armed police team and the female soldier team participated in the reading for the first time.

In the National Day military parade in 1984, 10,370 troops were read, including 46 square (ladder) teams. There are 42 ground parades, including 24 mechanized parades and 18 trekking parades. There are more mechanized parades than before, which reflects the development and promotion of our army’s modernization. There are 4 air echelons and 94 aircraft. The strategic missile made its debut, and the female soldier team participated in the National Day reading for the first time, which became a beautiful landscape on the parade ground. The armed police force, which has just been formed, is also being read for the first time.

The female soldier team participated in the National Day reading for the first time.

The first appearance of the strategic missile team

50 th anniversary military parade

Army aviation, naval aviation, marine corps, armed police special police team and reserve forces were read for the first time.

In the National Day military parade in 1999, more than 11,000 people from the PLA Army, Navy, Air Force, Second Artillery Corps, People’s Armed Police Force, militia and reserve forces formed 42 ground teams and 10 air echelons, and 52 formations were reviewed. Among the ground teams, there are 17 trekking teams and 25 vehicle teams. Army aviation, naval aviation, marine corps, armed police special police and reserve forces were read for the first time. Air tanker, etc. See for the first time. There are 25 people in the parade, which is the highest in the world.

The marine corps team that was read.

The airborne troops team being read.

The 60th anniversary military parade.

Special forces, weapons and equipment and high-tech teams have been added. Special forces team, armed police armored vehicle team, airborne combat vehicle team, mobile radar team, signal equipment team, drone team, cruise missile team, early warning aircraft echelon, etc. refer to it for the first time. The echelon of female pilots first appeared in the National Day parade.

In the National Day military parade in 2009, there were more than 8,000 troops and militia reserves, including 56 square (ladder) teams, including 14 on foot, 30 on equipment and 12 in the air, which was the largest number of Chinese (ladder) teams in all previous National Day military parades in New China.

The Army has seven arms for reference, the Navy has four arms for reference, the Air Force has four arms for reference, and the Second Artillery Corps has six teams for reference. The first appearance of the special forces team, the second artillery walking team, and the female soldiers team of the three armed forces showed that the military parade was more comprehensive. The complete reference elements reflect the integrity of China’s armed forces system.

This National Day military parade has reduced the number of trekking teams and increased the number of equipment teams. There is only one infantry team. The navy, air force, second artillery and other arms and services have increased. The number of strategic missile teams of the Second Artillery Corps increased to five, and the number of aviation echelons increased to 12. For the first time, we refer to the UAV team, the airborne combat vehicle team, the signal equipment team, the logistics equipment team, the mobile radar team, the armed police armored vehicle team, the cruise missile team, and the early warning aircraft echelon. There are many arms and services of equipment and technology in the team being read, which reflects the transformation of the People’s Liberation Army from quantitative scale to quality and efficiency, and from manpower-intensive to technology-intensive.

The special forces team being read

The drone team being read

Anti-Japanese War Victory Day Parade

A team of anti-Japanese veterans appeared, and representatives of the anti-Japanese model troops formed a team to be read separately. Nearly 1,000 officers and men from 17 foreign military teams and teams attended the reading, which was the first time that China invited foreign military representatives to participate in the military parade.

Anti-Japanese War Victory Day military parade. 12,000 troops participated in the reading, and they were organized into 50 square (ladder) teams. Among them, there are 11 trekking teams, 2 anti-Japanese veteran comrades riding teams, 27 equipment teams and 10 aerial echelons. Representatives of the British model troops in the Anti-Japanese War formed a team to be read separately. Nearly a thousand officers and men from 17 foreign military teams and teams participated in the reading.

The Anti-Japanese War Veterans’ Team is a special reading team. Their average age is 90 years old, the youngest is 84 years old, and the oldest is 102 years old. Many of them are covered with medals, medals and commemorative medals on their chests, which record and show their achievements and historical contributions in the Anti-Japanese War.

Participate in the anti-Japanese war veteran team that was read.

It is the first time in the history of the new China military parade that representatives of the British model troops formed a team to be read separately. This fully reflects the full affirmation of the Party and the country to the British model troops who have made meritorious deeds and contributions in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression.

Participate in the team of Yingmo troops in Langyashan.

Nearly 1,000 officers and men from 17 foreign military teams and teams from five continents in Asia, Europe, Africa, Oceania and America participated in the reading. This is the first time that China has invited foreign military representatives to participate in the military parade, which embodies a clear attitude of jointly commemorating the victory of the world anti-fascist war, embodies the internationality of the world anti-fascist war, and embodies the people of China and the people of other countries to jointly defend the victory of World War II and pursue and yearn for lasting peace in the world.

The Russian Federation armed forces team was reviewed.

For the first time, the 27 equipment teams that were read were grouped into six combat modules: ground assault, air defense and anti-missile, maritime attack and defense, strategic strike, information support and afterloading support, which broke the previous concept that military parades were grouped according to land, sea, air, second artillery and other arms, and highlighted the changes in the operational concept of the People’s Liberation Army.

Both nuclear and regular missile teams

Bomber echelon

The 10 air echelons and nearly 200 planes read are uniform and magnificent. Including air flag protection echelon, leader echelon, early warning commander echelon, fighter echelon, bomber echelon, naval carrier-based aircraft echelon, maritime patrol aircraft echelon, helicopter echelon, refueling and receiving aircraft echelon, covering the existing advanced combat and support aircraft of our army. The air combat elements are complete, the formation is novel and changeable, and the meters and seconds of the large formation are not bad. This fully reflects the improvement of our army’s modern combat level.　

(The original title is "Looking at the military parade from multiple perspectives: Looking at the military parade from the formation of the troops being read")

On January 10 th, a book called"Stop issuing performance pay scheme for COVID-19 project"The document was circulated on the Internet and signed by Beijing Kexing Zhongwei Biotechnology Co., Ltd., which mentioned that the company’s COVID-19 vaccine has been completely discontinued and the company has no COVID-19 vaccine products for sale at present.

At noon on January 10th, Jimu journalist called the product consultation hotline of Kexing Holding Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and the staff confirmed it.Kexing’s COVID-19 vaccine has been discontinued. If you still need to inject this product, you should ask the local CDC if it is in stock.

It is worth noting that there are still a variety of vaccines for new strains that can be injected in various parts of China.

Kexing COVID-19 vaccine has been discontinued.

Many companies have "got off the bus" before.

According to Jimu News, on January 10th, a document named "Stop Issuing Performance Pay Scheme for COVID-19 Project" was spread on the Internet. The date of signing the scheme was January 9th, and it was stamped with the official seal of Beijing Kexing Zhongwei Biotechnology Co., Ltd., which mentioned that at this stage, the company has stopped production of COVID-19 vaccine and the company has no sales of COVID-19 vaccine products at present, and the company decided to stop issuing performance pay for COVID-19 project for existing employees from January 2024.

Beijing Kexing Zhongwei Biotechnology Co., Ltd. is a subsidiary of Kexing Holding Biotechnology Co., Ltd. At noon on January 10,The staff of the product consultation hotline of Kexing Holding Biotechnology Co., Ltd. confirmed that at present, the COVID-19 vaccine of Kexing of the company has been discontinued. If the product needs to be injected, it is necessary to ask the local CDC if it is in stock.As for the authenticity of the online transmission of "Stop Sending Performance Pay Scheme for COVID-19 Project", the other party said it was unclear, and she was only responsible for product consultation.

In fact, since 2023, a number of companies that have been developing COVID-19 vaccine have either announced a change of direction or stopped investing, or their financial data reflect the "sequela" of "slow sales" of COVID-19 vaccine.

On July 19th, 2023, COVID-19 Microorganism Tianci Factory, one of the three musketeers of domestic mRNA vaccine, suspended its trial operation because there was no demand for vaccine production in the near future. All this was only two and a half years after it obtained the clinical approval of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine in January 2021. At that time, COVID-19 mRNA vaccine of Microorganism was the second domestic COVID-19 mRNA vaccine that entered the clinical stage.

For COVID-19 vaccine, Clover Bio, a Hong Kong-listed company, can be described as "putting all your eggs in one basket". In June, 2022, Clover Bio announced that it would give priority to the allocation of all resources to COVID-19 vaccine project, suspend the investment in the other three clinical pipelines, and reduce the investment in non-COVID-19 projects and new projects. In December 2022, COVID-19 vaccine SCB-2019(CpG 1018/ aluminum adjuvant), a recombinant protein of clover, was put into emergency use in China, and was officially launched for the first time in February 2023.

However, in the semi-annual report of 2023, Clover Bio said that due to the ever-changing and low overall demand for COVID-19 vaccine from China and countries around the world since 2023, the company predicted that COVID-19 vaccine sales in 2023 would not bring meaningful financial contribution. Its vaccine layout turned to respiratory diseases such as RSV and influenza.

In April 2023, the "low-cost operation notice" of Shangyao Kangxinuo was spread on the Internet. The content of the notice shows that it is decided to suspend the production line from April 4 for a period of 180 days. According to Red Star News at that time, the staff of Kangxinuo patient answering hotline introduced that the COVID-19 (vaccine) production line here was temporarily suspended, and there was no problem here at the headquarters. Now the demand for COVID-19 vaccine is not so great, so the production line of Shanghai Kangxinuo COVID-19 (vaccine) has been temporarily stopped, which will not affect other aspects.

Chang Rongshan: Inactivated vaccine is not recommended at present.

In February 2023, a research paper published by domestic researchers in the latest issue of China CDC Weekly stated that,"Although the protective efficacy of the third dose of Kexing inactivated vaccine can be improved to more than 70% within one month after homologous inoculation, its predictive efficacy will gradually decline to less than 50% after six months."

For COVID-19 infected people whose clinical endpoint is "COVID-19’s symptoms", the research results show that after 28 days and 6 months of intensive immunization, the protective effect of three doses of inactivated Kexing vaccine is only about 30% and 10%. Among them,The predicted protective effect of three doses of Kexing inactivated vaccine on Omicron BA.4/5 is even lower.

According to the interface news, virologist Chang Rongshan reminded that,Inactivated vaccine is not recommended at present.It pointed out that the antigenicity of the current epidemic strains has changed greatly, and the effect of inactivated vaccine will be much worse than that of other technological vaccines."It is best to play mRNA vaccine and recombinant protein vaccine."

According to JingJing. com, Xu Yue, an insider of a company that had previously researched and developed vaccines in COVID-19, said, "The research and development cost is one aspect, but the key is that you have developed it, and the virus has mutated, so the research and development speed can’t keep up at all. Vaccine iteration is too fast, and enterprises really can’t afford it, especially the cost of clinical trials. Before it is commercialized, the vaccine will be outdated first. "

Xu Yue told reporters that unlike the flu virus, which may go round and round, Covid-19 has been upgrading all the way, and the popular virus will not come again, and the old virus will not come. Therefore,Once the new COVID-19 vaccine appears, the old vaccine can be said to be "out of the historical stage".

A number of XBB vaccines were approved for use.

However, people’s willingness to vaccinate has obviously decreased.

According to Jingjing.com, on December 28th, 2023, the National Health and Wellness Commission held a press conference on the prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases in winter. Peng Zhibin, director of the Department of Respiratory Infectious Diseases of the Infectious Diseases Management Office of China CDC, said that recently, the spread of JN.1 (the second-generation sub-branch of BA.2.86 mutant in Omicron, Covid-19) has risen rapidly abroad and has become the main epidemic strain.

"The mutant JN.1 belongs to Omicron. Recently, according to the existing evidence, the World Health Organization believes that JN.1 has strong transmission ability and immune escape ability, but there is no evidence to suggest that its pathogenicity is enhanced. Previous infection and vaccination with XBB (Omicron subtype variant strain) vaccine have a cross-effect of immune protection, and it is predicted that the public health risk brought by it is low. " Peng Zhibin said.

At present, many XBB vaccines have been approved for emergency use in China. In June, 2023, the recombinant trivalent Covid-19 (XBB+BA.5+Delta mutant) trimer protein vaccine (hereinafter referred to as WEEK XBB vaccine) was put into emergency use in a certain range. In December, companies such as Shenzhou Cell, Kangxinuo and Livzon Group also announced that COVID-19 vaccine was included in emergency use.

According to the interface news, a domestic vaccine industry practitioner said,At present, the proportion of people’s willingness to vaccinate COVID-19 vaccine has obviously decreased, and the official has not clarified the requirements for vaccination indicators.All this makes "promoting vaccination in COVID-19" less urgent than before, which reduces the motivation of CDC. He said, "For example, if a company has a product approved, as long as it is developed and produced, the company will definitely want to be recognized in the market, and there is no situation in which the company is not enthusiastic. But in fact, from the step of bidding access, many provinces and cities have no enthusiasm. "

Rong Shan, a virologist, also said that the public is not willing to vaccinate COVID-19 vaccine at present. If COVID-19 vaccine is purchased, but not many people come to vaccinate it, it will easily lead to a backlog. Unlike ordinary commodities, vaccines have strict requirements for transportation and storage, and they will be wasted if they are not used after expiration.

Original title: Kexing COVID-19 vaccine has been discontinued! Many companies have long since "got off the bus", inactivated vaccines have not been recommended, and many XBB vaccines have been approved.

1 scope
This standard specifies the definition, technical requirements, inspection methods and inspection rules of water-saving domestic water appliances.
This standard is applicable to hot and cold water supply pipelines installed in building facilities, and the water supply pressure is not greater than 0.6MPa. Products used: water tap, toilet and toilet system, toilet flushing valve, shower, household washing machine, etc.
2 reference standard
The provisions contained in the following standards constitute the provisions of this standard by being quoted in this standard. When this standard was published, all the versions indicated were valid. All standards will be revised, and all parties using this standard should explore the possibility of using the latest version of the following standards.
GB/T　　ll76? Technical conditions of cast copper alloy in 1987
GB/T　　4288? 1992 household electric washing machine
GB/T　　6952? 1999 sanitary ceramics
GB/T　　18145? 2000 ceramic sealing water nozzle
CJ/T　　3081? 1999 non-contact (electronic) water supply apparatus
JC　　707? 1997 toilet low water tank fittings
JC/T　　856? Matching system of 2000 6 liter toilet
JG/T　　3008? Valve for mechanical pedal shower in 1993
JG/T　　3040.2? 1997 hydraulic slow-closing flushing valve for toilet flushing device
QB/T　　1334? General specification for water nozzle in 1998
QB/T　　3649? 1999 toilet flushing valve
3 definition
This standard adopts the following definitions.
3.1 water-saving domestic water appliances domest water saving devices
Devices and appliances that meet the same water consumption functions such as drinking, kitchen use, toilet cleaning, bathing and laundry, and can reduce water consumption compared with similar conventional products.
3.2 Water saving faucets (faucets)
Valve products with manual or automatic opening and closing and control of water flow at the outlet, which can achieve water-saving effect in use.
3.3 water-saving toilet
Under the condition of ensuring the hygiene requirements, use function and delivery capacity of the drainage pipeline, the toilet does not leak, and the flushing water quantity at one time is not more than 6L of water.
3.4 water saving toilet system
It consists of toilet, water tank and fittings, pipes, fittings, interfaces and installation technology. The water consumption for each flushing cycle is not more than 6L, that is, the sewage can be washed away from the trap of toilet and discharged into the product system of gravity discharge system.
3.5 water saving flushing valve for water closet
Valve products for toilet with delayed flushing, automatic closing and flow control functions.
3.6 water-saving shower water saving shower
Shower products that use contact or non-contact control to open and close, and have the functions of water temperature adjustment and flow restriction.
3.7 water saving washing machine
Taking water as the medium, the water consumption can be automatically or manually adjusted according to the amount of clothes and the degree of cleanliness, which meets the washing function and has low water consumption.
4 technical requirements
4.1 General provisions
4.1.1 Corrosive materials are not allowed to be used for the parts where the products contact with water; The surface of parts that directly affect the product life should be treated with anti-corrosion or made of materials that are not easy to corrode. The use of cast copper alloy should comply with the provisions of GB/T 1l76.
4.1.2 Products should not use materials or coatings containing harmful additives, and all materials in direct contact with drinking water should not pollute the water quality.
4.1.3 Products used in hot and humid environment should be able to be used for a long time at a temperature of less than 60℃ and a relative humidity of not more than 90% (the relative humidity of shower is not more than 95%), and have no adverse effects on human body and no pollution to the environment.
4.1.4 If it is an electronically controlled product, its electrical performance shall comply with the relevant provisions of CJ/T 3081.
4.2 Water-saving nozzle
4.2.1 The product shall have a water pressure of 0.1 MPa and a pipe diameter of 15mm, and the maximum flow rate shall not be greater than 0.15 L/s..
4.2.2 Inductive nozzles and delayed self-closing nozzles shall comply with the provisions of 4.2.1.
4.2.3 After leaving the service state, the induction water nozzle should automatically stop water within 2s, and it should automatically stop water under abnormal power supply voltage.
4.2.4 Time-delay self-closing nozzle water supply is not more than 1L at a time, and the water supply time is 4s～6s ~ 6 s..
4.2.5 The strength of the valve body of the ceramic-piece sealed water nozzle shall meet GB/T 18145? The provisions of 6.4.1 in 2000.
4.2.6 The strength of the valve body of the non-ceramic-piece sealed water nozzle shall meet QB/T 1334? The provisions of 5.4.1 in 1998.
4.2.7 The strength of the valve body of the induction nozzle shall meet CJ/T 3081? The provisions of 6.6 in 1999.
4.2.8 The sealing performance of the ceramic-piece sealed water nozzle shall comply with GB/T 18145? The provisions of 6.4.2 in 2000.
4.2.9 The sealing performance of non-ceramic sealed water nozzle shall comply with QB/T 1334? The provisions of 5.4.2 in 1998.
4.2.10 The sealing performance of the valve body of the induction water nozzle shall comply with CJ/T 3081? The provisions of 6.6 in 1999.
4.2.11 The service life of the switch of the product shall meet the following requirements:
A) the induction nozzle is more than 50,000 times;
B) The ceramic-sheet sealed water nozzle has been used for more than 200,000 times;
C) Other types of water taps are more than 300,000 times.
4.2.12 Other requirements for products shall be in accordance with relevant provisions in GB/T 18145, QB/T 1334 and CJ/T 3081.
4.3 Water-saving toilet system
4.3.1 The product should adopt the structure of washing urine and urine in stages.
4.3.2 The water consumption for defecation flushing in each flushing cycle of the product shall not be greater than 6L.
4.3.3 If the fittings for toilet flushing are adopted, the water consumption for urine flushing shall not be greater than 4.5L.
4.3.4 Flushing function
4.3.4.1 should meet the following requirements under the condition that the total flushing water consumption is not more than 6L:
A) Solid discharge: polypropylene ball method is adopted, and the average number of balls passing through three times is not less than 75;
B) After each washing, the ink line method is adopted, and the total length of accumulated residual ink marks is not more than 50mm；;
C) The water seal depth and water seal recovery are not less than 50mm；;
D) The dilution rate after sewage discharge test shall not be less than 100.
The transportation characteristics of 4.3.4.2 drainage pipeline shall meet one of the following conditions:
A) Rinse continuously for 30 times, at least 24 times, and all 4 samples are washed out, and the average of 24 times.
B) All four specimens rushed out of the toilet and rushed into the sewage riser through the 5m horizontal pipe.
4.3.4.3 Trap should be able to pass φ 40mm solid ball.
4.3.5 The water absorption rate of the ceramic toilet is not more than 1.0%.
4.3.6 Water tank fittings shall meet the following requirements:

A) The operating mechanism is stable and reliable, and easy to operate. Flexible action, no jam.
B) The strength and sealing performance of the inlet valve shall meet the first-class requirements specified in JC 707.
C) Under the water supply pressure of 0.05MPa, the water inflow time is not more than 120s.
D) The spillway must be 20mm higher than the effective working water surface.
E) The outlet of the inlet valve should be 20mm higher than the overflow pipe.
F) There should be no leakage in the drain valve.
G) When the effective water volume of the water tank is 6L, the drainage flow of the drain valve should not be less than 2.0L/s..
H) The service life is more than 50,000 times.
4.3.7 All parts of the water-saving toilet system (toilet, water tank and fittings, pipes, fittings, interfaces, etc.) shall comply with the provisions in GB/T 6952, JC 707 and JC/T 856, and there shall be no leakage at each joint after assembly.
4.3.8 The water-saving toilet system must comply with JC/T 856? Design, construction and installation of pipeline system according to 4.6 in 2000.
4.3.9 Other requirements for products shall comply with relevant provisions in GB/T 6952, JC707 and JC/T856.
4.4 Water-saving toilet flushing valve
4.4.1 When the water pressure is 0.3MPa, the product used for defecation flushing has a flushing volume of 6L ~ 8L at a time. The primary flushing volume of urine flushing products is 2L ~ 4L (if it is divided into two stages, it is the sum of the first stage and the second stage). The flushing time is 3s ~ 10s.
4.4.2 The strength of the valve body shall reach the pressure of 0.9MPa for 30s without deformation or leakage.
4.4.3 The sealing performance of the valve body shall be 0.6Mpa at high pressure and 0.04Mpa at low pressure respectively, and there shall be no leakage on all sealing surfaces and connecting surfaces.
4.4.4 The service life of the product shall be more than 50,000 times.
4.4.5 The product must have an anti-siphon device in use (this requirement is not considered for the urine flushing valve).
4.4.6 The product is not allowed to have obvious water hammer phenomenon in use, and the noise sound pressure level is not more than 60dB.
4.4.7 Other requirements for products shall comply with relevant regulations in JG/T 3040 and QB/T 3649.
4.5 water-saving shower
4.5.1 The outlet flow of the shower valve of the product shall comply with JG/T 3008? The provisions of 4.7 in 1993.
4.5.2 The shower nozzle should be under the water pressure of 0.1MPa and the pipe diameter of 15mm, and the maximum flow is not more than 0.15 L/s..
4.5.3 The compressive strength of the shower valve body should reach 1.5 times the nominal pressure of the product and keep the pressure for 30s, without deformation, cracking and leakage.
4.5.4 When the shower valve is naturally closed, water with 1.1 times the nominal pressure of the product is introduced, and there should be no leakage at the water outlet and valve stem seal. Seal the water outlet, and let the water with pressure of 0.1MPa pass through the water inlet, and there should be no leakage at the valve stem seal.
4.5.5 Public bathrooms should adopt single-tube thermostatic products.
4.5.6 The service life of the shower valve of the product shall be more than 50,000 times.
4.5.7 Other requirements for products shall comply with relevant regulations in JG/T 3008.
4.6 water-saving washing machine
4.6.1 The ratio of the rated washing water volume to the rated washing capacity of the product shall comply with GB/T 4288? The provisions of 5.4 in 1992.
4.6.2 The rinsing performance of the product shall be such that the alkalinity of the residual rinsing liquid phase on the washings for the test water is not greater than 0.04×10-2mol/L (molar concentration).
4.6.3 When the product is at the maximum load washing capacity, high water level and a standard washing process, the washing ratio is above 0.8, and the water consumption per unit capacity is not greater than the following values:
A) The drum washing machine has a heating device of 14L/kg and no heating device of 16L/kg；;
B) pulsator washing machine 22L/kg.
4.6.4 Other requirements for products shall comply with relevant provisions in GB/T 4288.
5 inspection method
5.1 Water-saving nozzle
5.1.1 Determination of flow rate
According to GB/T 18145? Test method of 7.4.3 in 2000.
5.1.2 Determination of primary water supply and water supply time of delayed self-closing nozzle
A) test device and instrument:
? Nozzle pressure testing machine (pressure and flow measurement accuracy 0.5).
? Stopwatch, measuring cylinder.
B) Test methods and steps:
? Install the time-delay self-closing water nozzle on the testing machine.
? Connect the water source, open the water tap, measure the water supply quantity and water supply time once with a simple dosage and a stopwatch, and take the average value for three times.
5.1.3 Detection of valve body strength
5.1.3.1 ceramic sealed water nozzle according to GB/T 18145? 7.4.1 in 2000.
5.1.3.2 non-ceramic sealed water nozzle according to QB/T 1334? 6.9 in 1998.
5.1.3.3 induction nozzle press CJ/T 3081? 7.3.1 in 1999.
5.1.4 Detection of sealing performance
5.1.4.1 ceramic sealed water nozzle according to GB/T 18145? 7.4.2 in 2000.
5.1.4.2 non-ceramic sealed water nozzle according to QB/T 1334? In 1998, the test was carried out as specified in 5.4.5.
5.1.4.3 induction nozzle press CJ/T 3081? 7.3.2 in 1999.
5.1.5 Switch life test
The service life of 5.1.5.1 ceramic sealed faucet switch is in accordance with GB/T 18145? In 2000, the regulations of 7.4.4.3 were tested.
The service life of non-ceramic sealed faucet switch in 5.1.5.2 is according to QB/T 1334? 5.4.5 in 1998 stipulated that the test should be carried out.
The service life of 5.1.5.3 induction water tap switch is in accordance with CJ/T 3081? In 1999, the test was carried out as specified in 7.2.4.
5.2 Water-saving toilet system
5.2.1 Test method
Connect the product to the water supply pipeline in use, turn on the flushing device under the condition that the static pressure is 0.14MPa and the dynamic pressure is not less than 0.10MPa, and check that there is no leakage in each connection part during a flushing cycle, and the water consumption can be adjusted to not more than 6L.
5.2.2 Flushing function
Under the conditions described in 5.2.l, carry out the following inspection.
5.2.2.1 solid emission inspection
100 φ 19mm polypropylene ball with bulk density of 0.85 g/cm3 ~ 0.90 g/cm3, put it gently into the toilet with full water seal, open the drain valve to flush with water, check and record the number of balls rushing out of the toilet, measure it three times in a row, and calculate the average number of balls rushing out of the toilet three times.
5.2.2.2 ink line test
Wipe the cleaning surface dry, draw a circle of ink lines along the cleaning surface 25mm below the toilet seat with a soft pen, flush immediately, and measure and record the length of ink lines remaining on the cleaning surface.
5.2.2.3 water seal depth and water seal recovery inspection;
A) the water seal depth shall be measured according to GB/T 6952? 6.7.1 in 1999.
B) water seal recovery measurement. During the solid discharge inspection (see 5.2.2.1), observe the water seal recovery after flushing, and if there is overflow at the sewage outlet, it indicates that the water seal is fully recovered. If there is no overflow, measure the remaining water seal depth and record it.
5.2.2.4 sewage discharge test according to GB/T 6952? 6.8 in 1999.
Test of conveying characteristics of drainage pipes in 5.2.2.5;
A) for the provisions of 4.3.3.2a), according to GB/T 6952? In 1999, the method specified in Appendix C was tested for 30 times, and the number of samples washed out each time, the total flushing water volume and the subsequent flushing water volume were recorded.
B) For the provisions of 4.3.3.3b), the inner diameter is φ 100mm drain pipe, the length of the drain pipe is 5m, and the downstream slope is 2.6%. When the toilet socket pipe is connected with the horizontal pipe, a 90 elbow is adopted, and the distance from the toilet outlet to the center of the horizontal pipe is 450mm. After the toilet products installed in use state are connected with the drainage pipe system without leakage, the toilet should be installed according to JC/T 856? Inspection specified in 5.1.6 in 2000.
The minimum pipe diameter of 5.2.2.6 trapway is tested according to GB/T 6952? In 1999, the provisions of the 6.7.2 for inspection.
5.2.3 The water absorption rate of the ceramic toilet is in accordance with GB/T 6952? The provisions of 6.5 in 1999 were tested.
5.2.4 The requirements of water tank fittings shall be inspected according to the relevant provisions of JC 707.
5.3 Water-saving toilet flushing valve
5.3.1 Determination of flow rate
A) test device and instrument:
? Flushing valve flow tester (pressure and flow measurement accuracy 0.5).
? Stopwatch, measurement Jane.
B) Test conditions: The pipe diameter specification of the water supply pipeline in front of the valve should take the previous specification size of the water inlet of the valve. The product specifications for the test are DN25, DN20 and DN15 respectively.
C) test methods and steps:
? Adjust the valve to the maximum flushing volume.
? Under the pressure of 0.3MPa, the flushing quantity and flushing time were measured for 3 times each, and the average value was taken.
5.3.2 Detection of valve body strength
A) Test device and instrument: flushing valve hydraulic strength tester (pressure measurement accuracy is 0.5) and stopwatch.
B) Test methods and steps:
? Connect the water inlet end of the valve with the water supply end of the testing machine according to the installation position of the valve.
? Close the disc, gradually increase the pressure to 0.9MPa, and maintain the pressure for more than 30s. Observe whether there is pressure drop on the pressure gauge, and check whether there is deformation and leakage on the valve body and joint. It is allowed to proceed with a single part.
? In case of pressurized leakage, allow the discharge to exhaust the residual gas in the valve before continuing the test.
5.3.3 Detection of sealing performance
A) Test device: flushing valve hydraulic sealing tester (pressure measurement accuracy is 0.5).
B) Test methods and steps:
? Install the valve at the water supply end of the testing machine according to the working state of the valve.
? When the pressure is 0.04MPa and 0.6MPa respectively, the flushing valve is drained, and there should be no leakage after self-closing. Repeat the opening and closing test for three times.
5.3.4 Life test
A) Equipment: Flushing valve life tester (pressure measurement accuracy is 0.5).
B) Test methods and steps:
Install the product to be tested on the testing machine, and connect the water supply pipeline. The water supply pressure is: dynamic pressure 0.3MPa, water temperature ≤ At 50℃, after opening the valve core and self-closing, one action is completed, and the strength and sealing performance of the valve body are tested after reciprocating for 50 000 times.
5.3.5 Anti-siphon test
A) Test equipment and devices: as shown in Figure 1.
B) test conditions:
? Flushing valve with upper sealing structure shall be padded with φ 0.4mm～φ 0.8mm wire.
? The length of the transparent flushing pipe is not less than 500mm, and the submerged part is 100mm.
C) test methods and steps:
? Start the vacuum pump to make the vacuum degree of the pressure supply system not less than 0.08MPa.
? Open the valve to communicate the flushing valve with the water storage tank.
? Open the valve and observe whether there is backwater in the flushing pipe, and record the backwater height (the liquid level of the transparent flushing pipe is not higher than the liquid level of the container by 300mm).
5.3.6 Noise test.
The product is installed according to the state of use, the sound pressure level of ambient noise is not more than 15dB, and the inlet pressure is 0.1MPa and 0.6MPa respectively, and the noise measured at the distance from the valve body lm and higher than lm is the maximum of two times.
5.4 water-saving shower
5.4.1 Determination of flow rate
The flow of shower valve made in 5.4.1.1 shall be determined according to CJ/T 3008? In accordance with the provisions of article 5.5 of 1993.
Determination of shower nozzle flow in 5.4.1.2
A) equipment: CJ/T 3008? Water passing test system shown in Article 5.1.2 of 1993.
B) Test methods and steps:
? Connect the shower nozzle and the water test system with a pipe with a diameter of 15 mm.
? The shower valve is opened by water supply, and the shower is in use.
? Adjust the water inlet pressure of shower nozzle to 0.1MPa.
? Determine the unit time flow value.
5.4.2 The compressive strength of valve body shall be tested according to CJ/T 3008? Article 5.6 of 1993 stipulates that.
5.4.3 The sealing performance of valve body shall be tested according to CJ/T 3008? Article 5.7 of 1993 stipulates that.
5.4.4 Life test
Test the service life of shower valve body according to CJ/T 3008? The provisions of article 5.8 of 1993.
5.5 water-saving washing machine.
5.5.1 The ratio of rated washing water volume to rated washing capacity shall be in accordance with GB/T 4288? The provisions of the 6.3 calculation in 1992.
5.5.2 The washing ratio shall be determined according to GB/T 4288? In 1992, the test method specified in Appendix A was carried out.
5.5.3 The rinsing performance shall be tested according to 4.6.2 of this standard and GB/T 4288? In 1992, the test method in Appendix C was carried out.
5.5.4 Determination of water consumption per unit capacity
Determine the washing ratio according to the provisions of 5.5.2. Under the condition that the rated washing capacity and the highest water level of the washing machine to be tested complete the washing, rinsing and dehydration washing processes set by a washing machine program, the water consumption per unit capacity is calculated by Formula (1):
W=W1/M… … … … (1)
Where: w? ? Water consumption per unit capacity, l/kg;
W1? ? Total water consumption in a standard washing process of washing, rinsing and dehydration, l;
M? ? Rated washing capacity of washing machine, kg.
6 inspection rules
6.1 Water-saving faucet (faucet)
6.1.1 The ceramic sealed water nozzle conforms to the provisions of GB/T 18145.
6.1.2 Non-ceramic sealed water nozzle meets the requirements of QB/T 1334.
6.2 The inspection rules of urinal, water tank and fittings in water-saving urinal system shall be in accordance with GB/T 6952, JC 707 and JC/T856.
6.3 Water-saving toilet flushing valve meets the requirements of QB/T 3649.
6.4 The inspection rules of shower valve body conform to JG/T 3008.
6.5 The water-saving washing machine conforms to the provisions of GB/T 4288.

How to troubleshoot RAID 5 in the server

　　Due to the continuous progress of technology, different types of servers have different treatment methods after RAID 5 failure.

　　At present, the network topology structure of large-scale application programs generally adopts C/S structure or B/S structure, and at least one server with a large database needs to be placed in the central computer room. Considering the security and reliability of the server, RAID (Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks) is usually used for redundant backup of the server’s disks. Among them, RAID 5 array level is parity disk array without independent parity disk, which adopts data blocking and independent access technology, can process multiple access requests in parallel on the same disk, and allows any hard disk in the array to fail.

　　In practical application, due to some inevitable objective reasons, some array failures may occur. The most common situation is that the hard disk automatically goes offline, and the online status is displayed as DDD (invalid disk drive), and the hard disk has physical or logical failure. If it is a physical fault, only the hard disk can be replaced; If it is a logical fault, it can be repaired by targeted technology to restore the online state of the hard disk, continue to maintain the striped distribution of the hard disk data in its original array, and continue the consistency of the data storage system.

　　However, the data recovery of some old HP servers (such as HP LH6000) is different from that of new HP servers (such as HP ProLian series servers). Therefore, different servers handle RAID 5 failures differently. I have been in contact with the data failure of RAID 5 array card caused by unexpected power failure of two servers, and solved the problem by adopting different strategies.

Fault repair

　　One is HP LH6000 server, and four 18GB hard disks are made into RAID 5 disk array, and its array card is NetRaid. The other is HP ProLian ML370 server. Four 146GB hard disks are made into RAID 5 disk array, and its array card is Smart Array 642 with Hot Spare hard disk. Both operating systems are Window 2000 and the database is Server 2000.

　　The fault of HP LH6000 is as follows: one hard disk is flashing red light, and the machine is still running normally, but it will not be long before the system can not run normally, and then it is found that the red light of another hard disk is flashing.

The solution is as follows:

　　1. start the server, and press Ctrl+M to enter the NetRaid management program when self-checking to the array. Check the array information and find that the hard disk status is Failed, and use the modified configuration to forcibly set a hard disk to OnLine. Restart the server, the hardware self-check before entering the system is invalid, and the startup fails.

　　2. Start the server, and press Ctrl+M to enter the NetRaid management program when self-checking to the array. Select the disk array, manually Fail the hard disk that was originally hung OnLine, and then manually set another Failed hard disk to OnLine, and restart the server to enter the system.

　　3. After checking that the system and database are running normally, enter the array configuration tool and manually set the Failed hard disk to Rebuild, and then restart the server after 100% reconstruction. All arrays and systems are restored to their original state.

　　Another server running ERP system (HP ProLiant ML370) is configured as a RAID 5-level disk array by four 146GB hot-swappable hard disks through RAID cards (Smart array array cards). One of the hard disks suddenly broke down during operation. Server RAID 5 automatically enables the Hot Spare hard disk to logically replace the damaged hard disk. The data access task of the whole hard disk still runs completely in the original reading and writing process sequence, and the application program and database have no influence.

　　Check the hard disk status through the ACU tool that comes with HP, and find that the hard disk with red light warning is offline. If there are two red lights on Raid 5 in HP ProLiant server, it indicates that the system has crashed and the database cannot be accessed, but the system will not shut down automatically. When the second hard disk is red, the data can’t be recovered by conventional means, so we have to pay a professional third-party data recovery company to recover the data.

　　Therefore, for the old HP LH6000 series servers, the array design is quite different from that of the current HP ProLiant series servers. As far as the operation method is concerned, there are many options for the array operation method of HP LH6000 server, including deleting the array again and rebuilding it after the array fails, and the initialization is also manually selected. However, the initialization of HP ProLiant series server array is automatically performed in the background after the array is configured, so the ProLiant series server cannot reconfigure the array after an array error.

　　The HP LH6000 server will cause the disks in the array to be disconnected for other unexpected reasons, so the maintenance personnel can manually choose Online or Offline, Rebuild, etc. to restore the data. However, the current HP ProLiant series servers will no longer have the phenomenon of disk disconnection in the array like the old servers, so when the hard disk is red, it is basically damaged and needs to be replaced. Of course, you can choose to Rebuild the hot-plug hard disk and see if the hard disk can be used for a while.

Do a good job of technical backup

　　From the above two examples, it can be seen that the troubleshooting of Raid 5 disks of servers of the same brand and different series is different because of their different embedded technologies. But after Rebuild the data, the data was saved, from which the following experiences can be drawn:

　　We believe that any advanced technical means is not foolproof. If you want to ensure data security, you must do a good job of backup, and it is best to do a remote backup of the database once a day. Spare at least one new hard disk. It should be pointed out that the hard disk that joins the array must be greater than or equal to the capacity of the failed hard disk.

　　If conditions permit, the array creation scheme of "RAID 5+ hot spare" is recommended. This way, we have two chances to replace the hard disk before the data is lost. For general applications, only RAID 5 is needed, which can provide data access performance, reliability and maximum disk space at the same time.

　　Administrators must always observe the status of the array, including the yellow warning light of the disk array and the drive status in the management software. Trouble shooting in time. No matter what level of array, data backup should be done before troubleshooting.

　　Xinhua News Agency, Chengdu, March 20th Question: Have you found the answers to all the N kinds of legends about Sanxingdui?

　　Xinhua News Agency reporters Wang Peng, Shi Yuxi and Tong Fang.

　　With the announcement of new archaeological discoveries in Sanxingdui site, people’s eyes once again focus on this magical land.

　　Since the discovery of No.1 and No.2 "sacrificial pits" in Sanxingdui site in 1986, people have never stopped discussing it. A large number of shocking and mysterious cultural relics unearthed in the "sacrificial pit" have aroused a lot of speculation in the world.

　　Have you found the answers to those legends about Sanxingdui?

　　Legend 1: Is Sanxingdui an alien civilization?

　　Sanxingdui bronze vertical mask (Xinhua News Agency)

　　Huge ears, bulging eyes, and a big mouth wide to the ears … … Some people who eat melons believe that Sanxingdui is an alien civilization, and the grotesque bronze masks, bronze statues, bronze sacred trees and other cultural relics of Sanxingdui are alien works.

　　Experts are firmly opposed to this statement! The ancient Shu civilization, represented by Sanxingdui, is an important part of the pluralistic origin of Chinese civilization. Among the cultural relics unearthed in Sanxingdui, bronze statues, bronze rings, jade Zhang, jade cong, jade bi and jade ge are consistent with the Yellow River basin, which shows that Sanxingdui has the common attributes of Chinese culture. The familiar cultural relics with strange shapes and magnificent atmosphere, such as bronze standing man, bronze sacred tree and bronze vertical mask, not only show the brilliance of ancient Shu civilization, but also show the richness and diversity of Chinese culture.

　　In other words, Sanxingdui civilization is "made in China" and has nothing to do with aliens.

　　Legend 2: Sanxingdui people "moved" to Jinsha?

　　The gold mask unearthed from Jinsha site (left) and the newly discovered gold mask in Sanxingdui (imposition picture)

　　The newly discovered gold mask of Sanxingdui "made a stunning appearance", and the sharp-eyed netizens saw at a glance: this is the same as the gold mask of Jinsha! Not only the gold mask, but also the ornamentation, jade Zhang, jade chisel, ivory &hellip on the golden crown belt of Jinsha and the golden staff of Sanxingdui; … There are many cultural relics in the two sites. So can we think that people from Sanxingdui "moved" to Jinsha?

　　Experts believe that this high similarity between Jinsha site and Sanxingdui site proves that they belong to the same cultural system, and there must be some special connection between the two sites. Combined with the archaeological findings in recent years, we can think that Jinsha culture is the inheritance and development of Sanxingdui culture, and both of them have become an important part of the development of ancient Shu civilization.

　　Legend 3: Sanxingdui Archaeological Excavated "Angry Birds" with the same pig?

　　"Angry Birds" with the same pig (Xinhua News Agency)

　　Just last July, Sichuan Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology announced that an important site — — Joint site, unearthed a large number of cultural relics. Among them, a clay pottery pig is cute and cute, which is very similar to the villain green pig in Angry Birds. Netizens exclaimed: Is this the predecessor of Angry Birds?

　　In fact, experts believe that the joint site of this clay sculpture pottery pig unearthed should be an important settlement around the ruins of Sanxingdui ancient city. The joint site covers four cultural factors, namely, Guiyuan Bridge, Baodun Bridge, Sanxingdui Bridge and Twelve Bridges. It is the first time that a complete sequence of ancient Shu civilization has been found around Sanxingdui. Among them, the main cultural factors of Sanxingdui are the most abundant in the joint site, and a large number of cultural relics similar to Sanxingdui have been unearthed.

　　There are not only "villain green pigs", but also a large number of high-handled beans, hollowed-out beans (plates) and small flat-bottomed cans have been unearthed and restored at the joint site. It is worth mentioning that the pottery with the combination pattern of dragons and phoenixes carved on the yinxian line was unearthed in the late Shang Dynasty, and it is the earliest pottery with the pattern of "dragons and phoenixes are auspicious" found in China.

　　Legend 4: The "bronze giant" holds a "selfie stick" in his hand?

　　Sanxingdui "Bronze Man" (Xinhua News Agency)

　　Among the numerous bronze statues in Sanxingdui, the "bronze giant" is well known. Its overall image is solemn and solemn, and its hands are hollow. For a long time, people have been speculating whether he holds some kind of instrument in his hand. Even naughty netizens think that he is holding a "selfie stick" in his hand.

　　At present, there is no final conclusion on this issue in academic circles. Experts discussed that the "bronze standing man" may hold ivory, jade cong or scepter. The "Bronze Big Liren" wears a high crown, narrow sleeves and a half-arm-style three-layer dress, with complex and exquisite clothes, mainly dragon patterns, supplemented by bird patterns, insect patterns and eye patterns, and plaid stripes. It seems that his identity is an ancient Shu "high priest" with extraordinary skills.

　　There is no end to the exploration of Sanxingdui civilization.

　　Up to now, archaeologists have unearthed more than 500 important cultural relics in the six Sanxingdui cultural "sacrificial pits" newly discovered at Sanxingdui site.

　　I believe that in the future, through the detection and analysis of these cultural relics, more puzzles about Sanxingdui will be revealed. The true face of this ancient civilization, which has been buried deep underground for 3 thousand years, will become more and more clear.

　　We will wait and see … …

On February 18th, the service personnel of Xushui Meteorological Bureau in Baoding City, Hebei Province came to Beiqinggong Village, Zhengcun Town, to investigate the demand for meteorological services for onion planting, and to protect the characteristic industries.

Service personnel walked into the greenhouse, had in-depth communication with growers, understood the demand for meteorological services, and reminded growers to pay close attention to the latest meteorological forecast and early warning information in view of the recent low temperature and windy weather, so as to make greenhouse management more scientific and effective.

On February 18th, the meteorological service personnel of Xushui Meteorological Bureau inspected the growth of shallots. Li Anqi photography

Combined with the meteorological service demand learned this time, Xushui Meteorological Bureau will make special meteorological service materials and send them to growers through SMS, WeChat and other channels in time, so as to contribute meteorological power to increase agricultural production and farmers’ income.

(Author: Li Anqi Editor: Su Jessie)