Tengchong is located in the western border of Yunnan Province. The name of Tengchong started from the Book of the Old Tang Dynasty, and it was called Yunnan and Vietnam in the Western Han Dynasty. In the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Jimizhou was located, and in the early Song Dynasty, it was softened. Later, it was changed to Tengchong Prefecture, and Tengchong Prefecture was established in Yuan Dynasty. Tengchong Prefecture was established in Ming Dynasty, and Tengyue Prefecture and Tengyue Hall were established successively in Qing Dynasty. Tengchong County was established in 1913 and Tengchong City was established in September 2015. It is the gateway to Myanmar, India, Pakistan and other Southeast Asian and South Asian countries, and is known as the "first city in the extreme". There are seven nationalities living in the world: Han, Dai, Hui, Lisu, Wa, Bai and Achang. Tengchong is rich in culture and natural resources, and there are many intangible cultural heritage resources to inherit and protect. By 2019, there were 293 projects and inheritors at all levels, including 66 projects and 213 representative inheritors (2 at the national level and 14 at the provincial level).

On the occasion of the 13th Cultural and Natural Heritage Day, let’s enjoy the elegance of Tengchong’s intangible cultural heritage projects!

I. List of National Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection (2)

1. Wa nationality Qing opera

Published in 2008

Project introduction

Classify traditional dramas

Qing Opera, also known as Hubei Gaoqiang, was introduced into Tengchong, Yunnan during Xianfeng period in Qing Dynasty, and remained in Sugarcane Village, Wa village. It is the only local drama in Tengchong that has been included in China minority operas. Qing opera has the characteristics of "nine-cavity thirteen-board" and high-cavity opera, and its tunes are cadence, pleasing to the ear and good at narration and lyricism. The story of the play is touching and the characters are distinct.

2. Tengchong Shadow Play

Published in 2011

Project introduction

Classify traditional dramas

Tengchong shadow play, also known as "light shadow" and "shadow play", is a local art form with a long history and wide influence. According to legend, during the Hongwu period of Ming Dynasty, it was introduced from Jiangnan, Huguang and Sichuan, and it was divided into two types in singing: Western (lively rhythm and high spirits) and Eastern (beautiful melody and solemn atmosphere). Tengchong shadow puppets are exquisitely made, which not only has the style of shadow puppets in the Central Plains, but also has obvious border and regional characteristics.

Two, the provincial intangible cultural heritage protection list (6)

1. Tengchong Heshun folk song "Introduction to Yangwendun"

Published in 2006

Project introduction

Category folk literature

Yang Wen’s Little Introduction is an exhortation ballad based on the life experiences of Tengchong Heshun people and even people in western Yunnan who "went abroad". Yang Wen Cun Xiao Yin is famous for its ancient name, which was written in Daoguang period of Qing Dynasty. After several times of circulation, some traditional manuscripts of cotton paper brushes were scattered among the people.

2. Tengchong jade carving art

Published in 2006

Project introduction

Classify traditional art

Tengchong jade carving has a long history. According to local chronicles, there were more than 100 workshops engaged in jade processing in Tengchong before 1949, with more than 3,000 craftsmen. Today, Tengchong jade carving industry is developing rapidly, the jade carving team is expanding, the production process has evolved into mechanization and electrification, and the technology level is changing with each passing day.

3. Tengchong dulcimer

Published in 2009

Project introduction

Lei bie qu yi

Dulcimer is a kind of rap art, which is suitable for narrative content, events and characters’ emotions. The accompaniment instruments include dulcimer, erhu, pipa, cello and percussion. It is said that the dulcimer was introduced into Tengchong in Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty, and then it was integrated with the local four-tone pronunciation to form Tengchong dulcimer. There are three major melodies of dulcimer, namely "Yangdiao", "Daoqing" and "Sanban", which are light and lively, passionate with resentment, humorous, steady and deep.

4, Tengchong Diantan Shuicheng Lisu traditional cultural protection area.

Published in 2009

Project introduction

Category-specific national cultural protection areas

Lisu Village, Shuicheng, Lianzu Community, Diantan Town, Tengchong City, is located in the northwest of Diantan Town, 65 kilometers away from the county seat, bordering Myanmar, with a border of 24 kilometers. It is said that the ancestors of the Lisu people in Shuicheng settled in Shuicheng, Diantan, in the fourth year of Qing Emperor Kangxi. They were Lisu people who settled in Tengchong earlier, preserved traditional looms and textile processing, and most women mastered embroidery techniques. Folk literature plays an important role in the traditional culture of Lisu nationality; Dances mainly include ga-dancing and three-string dancing; The folk paintings of Lisu people in Shuicheng have distinct characteristics of the times and nationalities, and have high artistic appreciation value and collection value; The biggest and ceremonious festival among the Lisu people in Shuicheng is the Knife and Pole Festival, and "Going up the knife mountain and going down to the sea of fire" is the most wonderful folk activity of the Knife and Pole Festival.

5, Tengchong Chinese patent medicine production skills

Published in 2017

Project introduction

Biebie traditional medicine

Tengchong Chinese patent medicine herbs benefit from the unique geographical climate of Gaoligong Mountain, and are refined by traditional pharmaceutical techniques and secret recipes. Pharmaceutical factory uses pharmaceutical tools such as hay cutter, mortar, grinding trough and bowl, and uses the unique processing technology of "soaking, soaking, calcining, stewing, frying, steaming and boiling" and the ancient preparation technology to produce and process Chinese patent medicines. The products are sold in major pharmacies in more than 20 provinces and cities in China, including pills, plasters, medicinal liquor, tablets and injections. Yunnan Tengyao Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. was recognized as "China’s time-honored brand" by the Ministry of Commerce in 2006.

6. Dongjing Music

Published in 2017

Project introduction

Classify traditional music

The Cave Sutra is the Cave True Sutra, and its full name is "Taishan Yuqing Wuji Always True Wenchang Cave Fairy Sutra", which is a long-standing traditional ancient music in Tengchong. The scriptures are profound, the melody is solemn and beautiful, and it is a noble and auspicious symbol. Dongjing musical instruments are composed of China national musical instruments, such as silk string, orchestral string, playing, plucking and percussion. Qupai is a mixture of ancient court music and Taoist music. The way of playing is dominated by classics, combined with singing and playing, and given certain religious ceremonies, which are solemn, elegant and simple.

Three, Baoshan municipal intangible cultural heritage protection list (32)

1. The Legend of Tengchong’s "Great Rescue"

Published in 2005

Project introduction

Category folk literature

The Legend of Tengchong’s "Rescue" is a legend that Zhu Youlang, Emperor Yongli of Nanming, was rescued by a local farmer with a bowl of fried bait when he fled to Tengchong, so he was named "Rescue". "Great rescue" means cutting Tengchong bait into small pieces and frying them with eggs and cabbage, which is a famous dish at local banquets.

2. The Lisu narrative poem "New Year Tune"

Project introduction

Category folk literature

"Chinese New Year Tune" is a "major" sung by Lisu people during the Chinese New Year. It is sung in a way of dialogue between people and gods, depicting how Lisu people wait for the arrival of their ancestors and gods during the Chinese New Year. This ancient poem sums up the Lisu ancestors’ understanding of the relationship between heaven and man, life and death, fate and reality, etc. The universe, the sun, the moon, the morning, the night, the gods and human beings it shows constitute a holy and spectacular epic realm.

3. The Legend of the Cliff of the Sacrifice of Yunfeng Mountain

Project introduction

Category folk literature

Yunfeng Taoist Temple, built in the seventh year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty (AD 1634), is a famous Taoist mountain in western Yunnan. It is said that to make a pilgrimage to Yunfeng Mountain and make a wish is responsive, and it has become a place where all sentient beings who worship Taoism yearn for worship. There are many folk legends and fairy tales circulating in Yunfeng Mountain, which is known as the "Fairy Mountain Qiongge". The legend about Sheshen Cliff is well known to women and children, adding a mysterious color to Yunfeng Mountain.

4. The Legend of Huzhu Temple

Project introduction

Category folk literature

The Legend of Huzhu Temple is based on the ancient temple Huzhu Temple. It is said that there is a dragon-to-pearl drama in the dry sea, which is lost occasionally and gained by Meng. Sometimes, the thunderstorm is raging, and Meng is afraid, and the temple is suitable for a statue. Meng Nazhu is named after the Buddha’s belly. Huzhu Temple is one of the oldest existing buildings in Tengchong and even Baoshan City. Huzhu Temple and its surrounding cultural relics represent an important history of Tengchong in Song and Yuan Dynasties. Its architectural style and legends are of high cultural value for studying Tengchong’s religious history and human geography.

5. Tengchong Lantern Music

Project introduction

Classify traditional music

According to legend, Tengchong Lantern was introduced into Tengchong from the mainland during the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, and then it was merged with local songs and dances, and gradually developed into Tengchong Lantern with local characteristics, which was mainly based on dance or singing, with simple songs and dances, singers with good luck, seasonal farming, bidding farewell to the old and welcoming the new, praying for exorcism and good weather, and then further developed into a lantern play with a complete plot.

6. Lisu people "jump"

Project introduction

Biebie traditional dance

"Dancing Ga" is a kind of folk art that combines song and dance. In places where Lisu people live in compact communities, this dance is necessary for celebrations, funerals and building houses. "Tiao Ga" takes a circle as the formation, and the "Ga Tou", the leader of the dance and singer, leads the dancers to walk counterclockwise, singing and dancing while dancing. The activity of Tiaoga is of great value to the study of the cultural inheritance and development of Lisu people.

7. Lisu "Sanxian Dance"

Project introduction

Biebie traditional dance

"Sanxian Dance" is a dance with Xiao Sanxian as the main accompaniment instrument, and bamboo flute, oral string and duet can also be played together. On the occasion of "Spring Festival" and "Knife and Pole Festival", all the men, women and children in the village gather together to form a circle and dance in steps with the accompaniment of Xiao Sanxian. The formation can be horizontal or vertical, crossing each other and being flexible and changeable.

8. Dai "Kirin Dance" in Wuhe Township

Project introduction

Biebie traditional dance

Dai unicorn dance is an ancient dance with both self-entertainment and sacrifice, which is similar to the lion dance of Han nationality. It is a kind of sacrifice activity for people to pray for the blessing of the old heaven, for the village to be clean and auspicious, for people to live a long life and avoid disasters.

9. The Han folk dance "Little Back Dragon" in Beihai Township.

Project introduction

Biebie traditional dance

Xiao Beilong’s personal performance in Tengchong Dragon Lantern has local characteristics and is unique in Yunnan and even the whole country. It consists of three parts: the dragon head, the dragon body and the dragon tail, which are connected by cloth painted with scales in the middle. When performing, the dragon dancer carries the dragon body on his back and holds the dragon head and the dragon tail in both hands respectively. In the accompaniment of gongs and drums, he performs various performances, such as "playing pearls with dragons" and "turning waves and surging waves".

10. Qushi Township Han folk drama "Fishing Lantern"

Project introduction

Classify traditional dramas

Fish lanterns, an ancient play of Tengchong lanterns, were introduced into Tengchong during the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, which is unique in Yunnan and even the whole country. The performance of "Fish Lantern" has many props and huge scenes. During the performance, wooden scaffolding is used to decorate the dragon gate, and people dance the fish to play the game of "Fish Leaping over the Dragon Gate". The fish dancers are paired to play "high handle", "low handle", "fish turning over", "fish drying belly", "fish grabbing water", "fish chasing pendulum" and ".

11. Tengchong Han folk drama "Fairy Lantern"

Project introduction

Classify traditional dramas

Fairy lantern is a symbolic play of Tengchong Lantern, which combines dancing and singing. Because there are fairies and immortals in the role, it is commonly known as fairy lantern. Fairy lanterns mainly show people dancing with gods, celebrating the Spring Festival and praying for a prosperous life, peace and prosperity, good luck and so on.

12. The Lantern Festival in Zhonghe Township is "Dashun Farming"

Project introduction

Classify traditional dramas

Dashun Tilling the Field is the oldest play handed down from the rural lantern drama, and it still retains the primitive and quaint characteristics of the early lantern. Before leaving home, Shun was driving an elephant to the fields for the last time, plowing and sowing with tribal villagers, and saying goodbye to the villagers. "Da Shun Geng Tian" is a large-scale traditional lantern play, in which there are many roles, and it takes thirty or forty people to perform the role-playing of characters and animals. There are many props and complicated systems, which are difficult to inherit and protect. It is an extremely precious "living fossil" to study the development and evolution of lanterns.

13, Lisu costume craft

Project introduction

Traditional skills of classification

Tengchong Lisu people’s costumes are complex in technology and colorful. Women’s costumes include "safflower thrush clothes", mainly including Baotou, silver beard collar, beaded beads, "thrush clothes", outer shoulder coat, streamer skirt, large pants, lacquer hoop, hanging tube, bamboo and linen sandals, etc. The man’s costume "Magpie Clothes" has a magpie-like head, with a white gown, a jacket, knee-length shorts and cotton embroidered hem.

14. Xingyang Flower Paper Umbrella in Gudong Town

Project introduction

Traditional skills of classification

Xingyang Flower Umbrella in Gudong Town, Tengchong has a history of at least 200 years, which is called "paper support or support" locally. Xingyang people make flower umbrellas by cutting bamboo into ribs and bamboo or wood into handles, drilling holes at the intersection of the ribs and the handles and fixing them with threads, then covering the stretched ribs with white cotton paper made of leather, printing colorful flowers on the paper, and painting with varnish. The flower umbrella is durable, beautifully patterned and brightly colored, which is suitable for daily sunshade and rainproof and performance.

15, Tengyue Town bait production process

Published in 2012

Project introduction

Traditional skills of classification

Tengchong bait silk production is an important local traditional food production process. It is made of high-quality old indica rice pulp rice as raw material, using local unique water quality, integrating traditional technology and modern science and technology. The product is clean and fine in color, soft and delicious, and has a unique flavor. It is very delicious whether cooked or fried, and is favored by tourists both inside and outside the province.

16, Tengyue Town thin bean powder production process

Project introduction

Traditional skills of classification

Thin bean flour is a local traditional snack. Peas are used as raw materials, ground into slurry, poured into a large iron pot with sufficient firepower, stirred and boiled out with slow fire. Golden color, full of fragrance, accompanied by soy sauce, sesame oil, pepper oil, Chili oil, garlic oil, tsaoko oil, broken peanuts, water chestnut root and so on.

17, Tengyue Town large sheet production process

Project introduction

Traditional skills of classification

Dapian is a famous local dish in Tengchong, and its family has been passed down for four generations. Made from pig’s head meat, the kung fu lies in the words. The big slice of the slice is as big as the palm of your hand and as thin as cicada’s wing. Put it in the dip water made of aged vinegar, bamboo shoots, eggplant, mustard and a variety of seasoning oils and rinse it. It is not oily or greasy, crisp and fresh.

18. Tengchong peasant paintings

Project introduction

Classify traditional art

Tengchong peasant painting is an extension of traditional folk painting in China, which was produced and formed in mass painting activities in the 1970s. Farmers who love painting in Tengchong countryside regard painting as their main spiritual pursuit after their production and work. For decades, they have created a large number of high-quality peasant paintings, which have had a good influence both inside and outside the province, and some of them even enjoy a good reputation in Beijing and have been broadcast overseas.

19. Tengchong God (A) Horse Printing Plate

Project introduction

Classify traditional art

Tengchong Shenma, also known as paper horse, is a block-printed product printed with various ghosts and gods, which is incinerated (or pasted independently) with gold and silver ingots and paper money when praying for blessings, disasters and sacrifices in folk religions. Tengchong Shenma is famous for its delicacy, which is the top grade in Yunnan Shenma art and the best in traditional folk black and white woodcut prints.

20. Tengchong caravan culture

Project introduction

Classify people’s customs

Caravan is a unique means of transportation in southwest China, which is transported by mules and horses. Tracing back to its roots, the existence and operation of Tengchong caravan has a history of thousands of years. Tengchong is the hub of the ancient Southern Silk Road, the earliest international trading port, and an important military town in history.

21. Heshun’s "three drops of water" diet custom

Project introduction

Classify people’s customs

Heshun’s "three drops of water" is a distinctive food culture in Tengchong. One drop of water is a series, and the first drop mainly includes fruits, dried fruits, candied fruits, preserved fruits, sweet liquor and cakes. The second drop contains sweet tea (such as milk fan tea), brain (fried dried rice cake), chicken, pig, shredded bacon, fried tofu, finely fried walnut kernels and peanuts; The third drop is dinner, mainly for delicacies, game, seafood, chicken with eight treasures, hibiscus eggs, shrimp covers, chicken brains, curry meat, roasted pigs and brown-wrapped white fish soup.

22. Lisu people’s "three glasses of wine" diet custom

Project introduction

Classify people’s customs

The Lisu people’s eating custom of "three glasses of wine" is formed in the Lisu people’s production and life, which shows the Lisu people’s national character of attaching importance to feelings and righteousness, being sincere to friends and being generous. The first cup, a "toast" to meet each other; The second cup is a "pour a glass of wine" of mutual respect and respect; The third cup is a "concentric wine".

23. Festival custom of Han nationality at the age of "protecting the territory"

Project introduction

Classify people’s customs

"Fighting to protect the territory" is a kind of folk worship activity. Its main body is the cave sutra, which is a large-scale and well-organized folk custom activity, in which Buddhism, Taoism and Emperor sutra are gathered to complete praying for auspicious disaster and peace, with the participation of the whole village.

24. Xianduo Dai traditional cultural protection zone in Hehua Township.

Project introduction

Category-specific traditional cultural protection areas

Xianduo is located in the southwest of Lotus Town, Tengchong, with a land area of 21.43 square kilometers. Xianduo Village has a long history and profound cultural heritage. With the changes of the times, some traditional cultural customs have changed or even disappeared, but the traditional culture of Xianduo Dai family, such as social morality, language and clothing, living habits, festivals, literature and art, sports, fine arts and religious beliefs, can still be passed down and carried forward.

25. Xinhua Township, the hometown of Achang people’s songs and dances

Project introduction

Classify the hometown of traditional culture.

Xinhua Township is a multi-ethnic area, mainly including Achang, Lisu and Dai. All ethnic groups retain rich and traditional folk culture. The songs and dances of various ethnic groups in Xinhua Township, Tengchong, have a broad mass base, and are highly artistic and ornamental, especially the folk songs "Love Song Tune", "Say Ai Tune" and the dance "Deng Wo Luo" have more distinctive national styles and regional characteristics.

26. Tengchong is the hometown of jadeite craft.

Project introduction

Classify the hometown of traditional culture.

Tengchong is a distribution center of jadeite, with a long history of trade and processing, which has formed its own characteristics. Jade culture is an important part of Tengyue culture, and jade craft production is a cultural industry with rapid development and great potential. With the acceleration of economic globalization, Tengchong jadeite processing and trade has become a bright spot in our county’s economic growth.

27. Xinzhuang Village, Jietou Township is the hometown of papermaking technology.

Project introduction

Classify the hometown of traditional culture.

Xinzhuang Village is located in the east of Jietou Town, Tengchong City, and still retains the traditional ancient manual papermaking skills. For more than 300 years, making white paper has been a traditional cottage industry in Xinzhuang Village, and selling handmade white paper is one of the main economic incomes of the village, accounting for 50% of the total income of the village.

28. Xiaoxi Town is the hometown of bamboo weaving technology.

Project introduction

Classify the hometown of traditional culture.

Xiaoxi has developed handicraft industry in history. Rattan, hat, reed, dustpan, bamboo chopsticks and brown products are exported to Myanmar and inside and outside the province, especially bamboo hats, which are exquisite in craftsmanship, elegant in appearance, firm and durable, and have established a good brand image in Myanmar and western Yunnan.

29. Tengchong, the hometown of Lisu knife and pole art.

Project introduction

Classify the hometown of traditional culture.

The Lisu people in Tengchong have a long history, a broad mass base and a unique artistic style.

30. Wanyao Village, Mazhan Township is the hometown of pottery making technology.

Project introduction

Classify the hometown of traditional culture.

"Tengchong County Records" contains: "Pottery production is mainly concentrated in bowls and kilns in Mazhan District, and earthenware has been fired for more than 500 years." Making and selling pottery is a traditional handicraft industry in Wanyao village. For hundreds of years, making and selling pottery has been one of the main sources of income in the village.

31. Tengchong is the hometown of folk music.

Project introduction

Classify the hometown of traditional culture.

During the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, the large-scale migration of military and civilian villages brought the music culture from all parts of the Central Plains to Tengchong. The music not only maintained the charm of the ancient music in the Central Plains, but also blended with the tones of the border songs, thus forming the Tengyue ancient music with Tengchong regional music style. The representative music includes: Dongjing music, shadow play music, lantern music, dulcimer music, folk songs, Wa Qing opera music, Dai opera music and Lisu folk songs.

32. Tengchong sings books

Published in 2015

Project introduction

Biebie traditional folk art

Singing books is similar to storytelling, also known as "good books", which is a folk art popular in Tengbei rural areas in the 1960s and 1970s. It is a kind of sitting and singing quyi, which is mainly based on singing, and it is rarely said in plain English. The story is vivid and touching.

Four, Tengchong municipal intangible cultural heritage protection list (26)

1, the legend of Deng’s participation.

Published in 2005

Project introduction

Folk oral literature of different ethnic groups

2, columnar joints, Heiyu River legend.

Published in 2005

Project introduction

Folk oral literature of different ethnic groups

3. Lie about Zhang San’s story

Published in 2005

Project introduction

Folk oral literature of different ethnic groups

4. Tengchong Fishing Drum

Project introduction

Folk folk art of different ethnic groups

5. Lisu marriage

Published in 2005

Project introduction

Folk traditional customs of different ethnic groups

6. Lotus Township, the hometown of folk art (peasant paintings) in China

Published in 2005

Project introduction

Folk regional culture of different ethnic groups

7. Gudong Town, the hometown of folk art (shadow play) in China.

Published in 2005

Project introduction

8. Tengchong Lion Dance

Project introduction

Classify traditional sports, recreation and acrobatics.

9. Tengchong Dragon Lantern

Published in 2015

Project introduction

10. Tengchong Dai Opera

Published in 2015

Project introduction

Classify traditional dramas

11. Tengchong Dai language

Published in 2015

Project introduction

Category folk literature

12, Tengchong traditional old cloth shoes production

Published in 2015

Project introduction

Traditional skills of classification

13. Baking Techniques of Mingguang Small Ear Pig

Published in 2015

Project introduction

Traditional skills of classification

14, Tengchong burning pig technology

Published in 2015

Project introduction

Traditional skills of classification

15. Handmade Maltose Production Process in Gudong Town

Published in 2015

Project introduction

Traditional skills of classification

16, Tengchong pavilion production process

Project introduction

Traditional skills of classification

17, Tengchong clay pot production process

Published in 2015

Project introduction

Traditional skills of classification

18, Tengchong paper binding process

Published in 2015

Project introduction

Traditional skills of classification

19, ponytail buckle production process

Published in 2015

Project introduction

Traditional skills of classification

20. Tengchong Fragrant Technology

Published in 2015

Project introduction

Traditional skills of classification

21, Tengchong indigenous oil extraction process

Published in 2015

Project introduction

Traditional skills of classification

22, Tengchong wool felt production process

Published in 2015

Project introduction

Traditional skills of classification

23, Tengchong rice plastic technology

Published in 2015

Project introduction

Classify traditional art

24, Tengchong saddle making skills

Project introduction

Traditional skills of classification

25, Tengchong linen sandals compilation skills

Project introduction

Traditional skills of classification

26, Tengchong black sauce production process

Published in 2015

Project introduction

Traditional skills of classification

Source: Tengchong Cultural Center

From January 1, 2024, the Notice on Further Regulating the Residential Property Service Charges in Guangzhou (hereinafter referred to as the "new regulations") issued by Guangzhou Development and Reform Commission, Guangzhou Housing and Urban-Rural Development Bureau and Guangzhou Market Supervision Bureau will be formally implemented.

According to the new regulations, the first-class residential property service fee in Guangzhou should not exceed 2.8 yuan per square meter per month, and the parking space property management fee should not exceed 120 yuan per month. In response to this regulation, many citizens have raised questions about "who has the final say in the standard of residential property fees" and "whether their own property fees have dropped".

Recently, in order to ensure the implementation of the new regulations, the Municipal Development and Reform Commission issued authoritative answers to the hot issues of public concern, responding to public concerns.

1. What items are applicable to the new regulations (including service levels and charging standards) that will take effect on January 1, 2024?

A:According to the second paragraph of Article 29 of the new regulations, from January 1, 2024, if the newly-built ordinary residential construction unit has not hired a property service provider, the service level and charging standard of the ordinary residential property shall be implemented according to the new regulations;

In terms of parking spaces, the pre-property service charging standards for existing and newly-built ordinary residential parking spaces (garages) shall be implemented according to the new regulations.

2, the existing ordinary residential property service charges more than 2.8 yuan/square meter, is it a violation of the policy?

A:No.

If the owners’ meeting has been established, the charges for ordinary residential property services shall be subject to market adjustment. Ordinary residential property service charges that have been jointly decided by the owners shall be implemented according to the standards jointly decided by the owners.

For the newly-built ordinary residential property service charges that have not been set up by the owners’ meeting or decided jointly by the owners, if the construction unit applies before the pre-sale and is approved by the competent price department with management authority, it may also exceed 2.8 yuan/m2/month. Whether the ordinary residential property service has been approved by the competent price department with management authority can be consulted by the development and reform department of the district.

In order to protect the right to know, the house buyer can ask the construction unit to provide information such as the pre-service level, project, content and charging standard in the newly-built residential sales place, and the construction unit should provide relevant information.

3. Does the competent price department have the right to price the property services in different levels? The Civil Code clarifies that the property fees are jointly decided by the owners. Does the new regulation violate the Civil Code?

A:The competent price department may implement the government-guided price for the pre-residential property service charges of ordinary houses.

According to the relevant provisions of the Price Law and Guangdong Pricing Catalogue (2022 Edition), with the authorization of the provincial government, Guangzhou has implemented the government-guided price for the pre-residential property service charges in accordance with the law, and Guangzhou has determined the pre-residential property service charges in this city according to the principle of adapting the charges to the service level.

In addition, it is necessary to distinguish between early property services and property services.

Pre-realty service refers to the realty service provided by the construction unit before the owners and the owners’ congress hire realty service enterprises, which is a special form of realty service. Pre-property service charges have been confirmed by the construction unit and its selected property service providers before the house is sold, and the owners have not produced them at this time.

In order to protect the rights and interests of all owners, before the owners jointly decide on the property service charges, the early property service charges of ordinary houses shall be subject to the government-guided price. If the property service charges are jointly decided by the owners, the government-guided price will be invalid for the project.

4. If after the first owners’ meeting, but no resolution is made on the property service fee, the competent price department with price management authority makes a decision to maintain or reduce it, will it be invalid?

A:After the first owners’ meeting, no matter whether a resolution is made on the property service charge, the government-guided price or the approved maximum price will be invalid for the project, and the owners’ meeting will decide whether to continue to refer to it.

It should be noted that the convening of the owners’ meeting is not a necessary condition for the adjustment of property service charges. According to the Civil Code and Guangzhou Property Management Regulations, the property service charges can also be adjusted upon the joint decision of the owners.

5. If the original industry committee has expired, but a new industry committee has not yet been established, is the government-guided price implemented for the residential property service fee?

A:No.

According to "Guangdong Pricing Catalogue (2022 Edition)", the property service charges of ordinary houses and supporting self-owned parking spaces (garages) after the establishment of the owners’ meeting will be subject to market adjustment prices. After the establishment of the first industry committee, the property service charges of the ordinary residence and supporting self-owned parking spaces (garages) will be subject to market adjustment.

6. A residential area has a first phase, a second phase and a third phase. Are the property service charges in the early stage of residence the same? The project is constructed and accepted separately. Is the property service fee for parking spaces determined by the number of planned parking spaces alone or accumulated by the number of planned parking spaces within a property management area? Some of them are more than 1000, and some of them are not more than 1000. What if some of them are expensive and some of them are low?

A:In the same residential area developed by stages, the property service charges in the early stage of residence may be different. Prior to the joint decision of the owners, the preliminary property service charges shall be executed according to the preliminary property service contract signed by the construction unit and the property service provider according to law.

According to the new regulations, in principle, the number of parking spaces for residential construction shall be confirmed based on the number of parking spaces that have been approved by the planning department (planning opinions or planning acceptance certificates). Separate acceptance, according to the separate acceptance of the planning opinions or planning acceptance certificate of the number of parking spaces.

The new regulations clarify the maximum price of property service charges in the early stage of self-owned parking spaces, and property service providers can determine specific standards according to laws and regulations within the scope of the maximum price according to the actual situation such as whether to operate continuously or not. Owners can also determine the fees with the property service providers through mutual decision.

7. Does the property grade in the new regulations have to meet all conditions before the corresponding service grade can be evaluated? If there is a problem with the quality of property services, who will be responsible for, supervise and identify it?

A:There is no need to evaluate the pre-service level of ordinary residential property in the new regulations.

In the new regulation, the pre-property service level is that the construction unit makes a menu choice of pre-property service according to the characteristics and needs of the project before hiring property service providers. The specific services agreed upon by the construction unit and the pre-selected realty service provider through public bidding shall not be less than (lower than) the service content of the selected level.

According to Article 8 of Guangzhou Property Management Regulations, under the guidance and supervision of the housing administrative department, the property service industry association shall supervise the service quality and behavior of property service providers and their employees.

8. The number of parking spaces for residential buildings is based on the planning opinions or the planning acceptance certificate and the Construction Project Planning Permit. How to obtain these documents?

A:According to "Guangzhou Property Management Regulations" and other regulations, property services companies undertaking inspection should verify the planning conditions and obtain the certificate of completion and acceptance of construction projects. According to the requirements of undertaking inspection, the planning verification opinions of construction projects, etc., shall be confirmed by the property service provider on site and filed.

Owners or users of parking spaces can inquire about the planning opinions or planning acceptance certificates from the property service providers, and the property service providers should take the initiative to disclose the number of parking spaces for ordinary residential buildings.

9. In the same building, there are residential buildings, commercial apartments and shops sharing an underground parking lot. How to define whether it is a self-owned parking space for ordinary residential buildings?

A:According to Article 6 of the Notice of Guangzhou Housing and Urban-Rural Development Bureau on Printing and Distributing the Management Measures of Parking Spaces and Garages for Real Estate Development Projects in Guangzhou (Sui Jian Gui Zi [2019] No.5), if there are houses with different functions such as residence, commerce and office in the building division, the construction unit shall clearly indicate the number and specific location of parking spaces with various functions in the rental and sales plan.

According to Article 20 of the Guangzhou Parking Regulations, if the construction unit rents and sells parking spaces for commercial and residential integrated construction projects, it shall clearly indicate the number and specific location of residential parking spaces in the rental and sales plan.

10. Are all property service companies required to provide owners with six free access cards?

A:No.

From January 1, 2024, the newly-built ordinary residence shall be equipped with 6 access cards for the buyer free of charge according to the intelligent access control system agreed in the planning or sales contract. Ordinary houses that have been delivered for use before, the number of free equipment shall be implemented according to the original regulations.

Wen Zhen reporter Hang Ying correspondent Sui Faxuan

　　CCTV News:Not long ago, the Guangdong Higher People’s Court, in the second instance, changed the result of a drug case. The defendant was commuted from innocence to life imprisonment. There is nothing special about this drug case itself, but its trial process is extremely tortuous and difficult. The case has gone through seven sessions in the past four years. From innocence to life, what kind of tortuous experience is behind the verdict?

　　Why did the thought change from "zero confession" to writing a confession?

　　In July 2019, a letter sent from Panyu District Detention Center in Guangzhou was placed on the desk of He Xiongwei, the prosecutor of Guangdong Provincial People’s Procuratorate. The letter was sent by Liu Youdi, a criminal in a drug trafficking case. She wrote in the letter, "Please meet He Xiongwei. Now I am willing to plead guilty, admit my mistake and truthfully explain the case." Just a month ago, Liu Youdi was sentenced to life imprisonment by the Guangdong Higher People’s Court for drug trafficking. In court, she never pleaded guilty. So what makes her mind change so dramatically now? What kind of waves are behind this drug case?

　　On December 21, 2015, the Public Security Bureau of Panyu District, Guangzhou received a report that someone was dealing in drugs near a building in Panyu District. After grasping the clues, the police immediately went to arrest. The location of the arrest was in an alley. After groping, the police quickly found the target vehicle. After exploring the surrounding terrain, they made a detailed plan and launched the arrest operation.

　　Police of Panyu Branch of Guangzhou Public Security Bureau:As soon as I walked past, I knocked on the woman’s window. She opened the window. When I opened the window, I saw that she seemed to have left the steering wheel with her hands, and she was still playing with her mobile phone. I felt that it was time. I immediately put my hands in and controlled her hands.

　　At that time, the woman in the car did not resist too much, and the arresting personnel quickly controlled her, and other police officers immediately gathered around and searched the vehicle. Soon, they found a bag on the mat in the passenger seat.

　　Police of Panyu Branch of Guangzhou Public Security Bureau:Before I opened it, she said that the bag was not mine, and she knew that it must be illegal, so she said that it was not mine.

　　The woman who found drugs in the car argued that she was framed.

　　After testing, the items contained in the plastic bag extracted by the police from the woman’s car that day were confirmed to be ice, weighing 1000.06 grams. As a result, Panyu police detained the female object Liu Youdi, but in the subsequent trial, she always denied that the bag of ice was her own. Liu Youdi said that she is a Wechat business who is engaged in bird’s nest business. On that day, she took some bird’s nest for her friend Zhou to help sell, and this bag was put in the car when Zhou left. Liu Youdi said that there was an economic dispute between her and Zhou, so she suspected that this bag of drugs was used by Zhou to frame herself.

　　In the subsequent investigation, the police also found that just the day before Liu Youdi was arrested, she had been to Shanwei, Guangdong Province, and her own explanation was to go to Shanwei to find someone to buy bird’s nest. Liu Youdi not only refused to admit this series of evidence pointing to her suspected crime, but also had his own set of rhetoric, which also made the prosecutor of Panyu District Procuratorate doubt whether he could approve the arrest.

　　Zheng Shaochun, Procurator of Panyu District People’s Procuratorate, Guangzhou:Then at that time, the preliminary judgment was that there was no direct and objective evidence to rule out her excuses, including my own manager’s opinion, and they all tended to say that the case was in doubt and not arrested.

　　Get the key words of new evidence to attract the attention of the prosecution

　　Seven days is the time limit for the procuratorate to review the arrest. Just as the prosecutor was preparing to make an opinion not to approve the arrest, the public security organ provided new evidence in time, a WeChat record of communication related to Liu Youdi. Among these massive electronic evidence, some key words attracted the attention of the prosecutor.

　　Zheng Shaochun, Procurator of Panyu District People’s Procuratorate, Guangzhou:He said that if he was afraid of being arrested by the police or the police, he mentioned some very sensitive words. Also said that you brought me several sets, and mentioned some similar transactions. At that time, after listening to this recording, we strengthened our conviction and should be able to rule out her excuse.

　　The case encountered twists and turns when it entered the stage of review and prosecution.

　　According to the preliminary investigation and evidence collection, Panyu District People’s Procuratorate approved the arrest of Liu Youdi according to law, and then the case entered the stage of review and prosecution. The prosecutor found that from the chat record, Liu Youdi had a very close relationship with Zhou who appeared in her car on the day of the incident. It should be said that Zhou was also a very key witness in the case. But in the existing evidence, there is no material of her testimony. Under the existing evidence, the procuratorate can only prosecute Liu Youdi for the crime of illegal possession of drugs.

　　Wang Chaoxia, Procurator of Panyu District People’s Procuratorate:In this case, through WeChat chat, it can be confirmed that this drug was taken by Liu Youdi from other places. At least there is illegal possession of drugs involved, which can be proved to be Liu Youdi’s. At that time, in the absence of drug buyers, we temporarily transferred the crime of illegal possession of drugs to Panyu District People’s Court for prosecution.

　　Obtain the testimony of key witnesses and prosecute for drug trafficking

　　In this way, after three court sessions, that is, one year after the crime, the public security organs heard new news. They found the key witness Zhou, and got her transcript materials. In her testimony, Liu Youdi was mentioned to have bought and sold drugs. As a result, the nature of the case changed. So Panyu District People’s Procuratorate changed the charges against Liu Youdi and brought a public prosecution to the court for drug trafficking.

　　Wang Chaoxia, Procurator of Panyu District People’s Procuratorate:After the change of prosecution, because the number of drug trafficking has reached more than life imprisonment and reached the standard of upward adjustment, the case was withdrawn after communicating with the court and was raised to the Guangzhou People’s Procuratorate for prosecution.

　　The prosecution changed the accusation and waited for the court to hear it.

　　After obtaining new evidence, the procuratorate changed from "illegal possession of drugs" to "drug trafficking" and filed a public prosecution with the court. However, the next court trial process was full of twists and turns. In the trial, the first problem is the "zero confession".

　　Chen Shufen, Procurator of Guangzhou Municipal People’s Procuratorate:We have studied all the evidence very carefully, and we have formed an inner conviction by synthesizing the evidence of the whole case. The evidence of the whole case should meet the prosecution standard of clear criminal facts and sufficient evidence.

　　The accusation is proved guilty through two aspects of evidence.

　　In August 2017, the Guangzhou Intermediate People’s Court held a hearing on this drug crime case. In court, the confrontation between the prosecution and the defense was very fierce. Since Liu Youdi did not plead guilty from beginning to end, it is necessary for the procuratorate to charge her with guilt. Work hard on the evidence.

　　Chen Shufen, Procurator of Guangzhou Municipal People’s Procuratorate:So to accuse a "zero confession" crime, we need to have a lot of objective evidence to support it, as well as the corresponding verbal evidence, that is, witness testimony. The objective evidence and verbal evidence can form a complete proof system, and in this case, we can identify the crime.

　　In the court trial, the prosecutor mainly confirmed each other through objective evidence and verbal evidence, proving that the case has reached the standard of clear facts and sufficient evidence, and can eliminate reasonable doubt, which is enough to confirm Liu Youdi’s conviction for drug trafficking.

　　Defender insists on innocent defense and questions witness testimony.

　　On the other hand, Liu Youdi’s defenders insisted on pleading not guilty. They believed that the public security organs did not collect evidence from the witness Zhou until one year after the crime, and many contents in the testimony were inconsistent with what the witness said in court. The defenders questioned the authenticity of this witness’s testimony. They thought that Zhou might lie and could not rule out the situation that she framed Liu Youdi.

　　The facts are unclear and the evidence is insufficient.

　　On February 2, 2018, the Guangzhou Intermediate People’s Court pronounced the case in the first instance. The court held that the evidence on which the defendant Liu Youdi constituted the crime of drug trafficking did not form a complete proof system, did not meet the legal proof standard of sufficient evidence, and did not meet the conviction requirements of clear basic facts and conclusive basic evidence, and could not rule out reasonable doubt. According to relevant laws, the defendant Liu Youdi was acquitted.

　　The prosecution filed a protest to supplement the corresponding evidence.

　　After the verdict of the first instance came out, the prosecutors also began to reflect. They reorganized the evidence materials of this case and thought that although the witness testimony in court was repeated, the evidence of the case did not change fundamentally. As long as the relevant evidence was reinforced, the case could still reach the conviction standard of clear criminal facts and sufficient evidence, so the Guangzhou People’s Procuratorate decided to lodge a protest against this case.

　　Chen Shufen, Procurator of Guangzhou Municipal People’s Procuratorate:For this case, we feel that we should be convicted and then acquitted. We also feel that the evidence is sufficient, and our prosecution is supported by evidence and has a legal basis. In this case, we feel it is necessary to push this lawsuit forward. It is by protesting this litigation procedure that this second trial procedure is pulled.

　　After the protest opinions were reported step by step, they were supported by the Guangdong Provincial People’s Procuratorate and the Supreme People’s Procuratorate. At the same time, the Guangdong Provincial People’s Procuratorate also put forward some suggestions to strengthen the relevant evidence.

　　How does the prosecution consolidate the evidence when entering the second trial stage?

　　The case entered the second trial stage, and it was handed over to He Xiongwei, deputy director of the First Procuratorate of Guangdong Provincial People’s Procuratorate. However, in his view, this case still needs to be strengthened in some evidence.

　　After taking over the case, the prosecutor He Xiongwei quickly entered the marking work. At the same time, he also browsed the relevant reports about the case online, and some netizens’ doubts about the case coincided with his thoughts.

　　He Xiongwei, Deputy Director of the First Procuratorial Department of Guangdong Provincial People’s Procuratorate:I also saw some comments at that time. Many netizens said that the suspected crime never ensured that the innocent people would not be investigated by law. Whose one kilogram of drugs was it? There must be a drug crime in it. You let this man go, then who should be responsible for this kilo of drugs?

　　Who should be responsible for this kilogram of drugs? It is also the fact that the prosecutor He Xiongwei wants to find out. Liu Youdi said that he went to Shanwei to buy bird’s nest the day before the incident. After consulting all the files, he questioned Liu Youdi’s remarks.

　　He Xiongwei, Deputy Director of the First Procuratorial Department of Guangdong Provincial People’s Procuratorate:Bird’s nest is counted by one lamp. She said how many, and then there were a lot of drug code words. For example, she mentioned that I’m not afraid of being detected by the police, and I don’t take drugs.

　　These inferences of the prosecutor need to be proved by more solid evidence. If there is no stronger evidence, it is still very difficult to change the judgment of the case.

　　Prosecutors lead the way to find drugs to go home.

　　After reviewing the files repeatedly, He Xiongwei found a person, a key breakthrough. He analyzed that if Liu Youdi went to Shanwei to buy drugs, then the man she contacted in Shanwei at that time, who was called "Lao Chen", was probably her family. Coincidentally, in another drug crime case handled by He Xiongwei, the name "Lao Chen" also appeared.

　　He Xiongwei, Deputy Director of the First Procuratorial Department of Guangdong Provincial People’s Procuratorate:It happened that I was lucky enough to handle another case, which was a drug trafficking gang. In the process of reviewing the case file, I found that all four people in this case identified a person named "Lao Chen". At that time, I thought about the case of Liu Youdi, whose last family was also called "Lao Chen".

　　After in-depth investigation, He Xiongwei found that the "Lao Chen" in these two unrelated cases were very similar. They both lived in Shanwei, and many characteristics were consistent. More and more evidence proved that the two "Lao Chen" were the same person. So, He Xiongwei immediately informed the public security organs to investigate this "old Chen" in depth, and at the same time, he also asked the court to take Liu Youdi, who had been released on bail pending trial, into custody.

　　He Xiongwei, Deputy Director of the First Procuratorial Department of Guangdong Provincial People’s Procuratorate:We also issued an official letter suggesting that the provincial court arrest her. The provincial court made a decision to arrest after the collegial panel’s deliberation and approval.

　　“preceding player (in card or mahjong playing)"Arrested to grasp the core evidence of the case.

　　Soon, with the cooperation of public security departments at all levels, the criminal suspect Chen Mou was arrested in Shanwei. After investigation, the criminal evidence of drug trading between Chen Mou and Liu Youdi also surfaced. In this way, the key evidence of this case was finally found. In the second trial, this evidence also became the core evidence against Liu Youdi for drug trafficking. In the trial of the second instance of Guangdong Higher People’s Court, the prosecutor presented several sets of evidence to prove that Liu Youdi had the fact of selling drugs, but in the face of these evidences, Liu Youdi once again argued that he was innocent for various reasons.

　　On June 14, 2019, the Guangdong Higher People’s Court pronounced the case in the second instance. The court held that, in view of the fact that Liu Youdi had been found guilty of drug trafficking in the second instance, the Guangdong Provincial People’s Procuratorate’s protest against Liu Youdi’s request for a revised sentence for drug trafficking was found to be sufficient and adopted. Therefore, the court revoked the acquittal of the first instance and considered that Liu Youdi constituted a drug trafficking crime.

　　The trial of the case ended, but the prosecutor’s heart was still unresolved.

　　This case was changed from innocence to life imprisonment, which made all the judicial personnel who worked hard feel very relieved, but prosecutor He Xiongwei still had a knot in his heart, that is, Liu Youdi never admitted his guilt.

　　Before the trial of the second instance, He Xiongwei went to Panyu several times to interrogate Liu Youdi. Although she never pleaded guilty in court, on July 9, 2019, less than one month after the verdict of the second instance was pronounced, she wrote such a letter in Panyu District Detention Center, saying that she wanted to see the prosecutor He Xiongwei and expressed her willingness to admit her crimes. Liu Youdi said that she had a boyfriend who was a wealthy businessman. Since she had no source of income, her boyfriend gave her some money to do some business. But she spent the money elsewhere.

　　Criminal Liu Youdi:Gave me money, and then I didn’t do business, so I renovated the house without telling him. After decorating the house, I bought all kinds of materials, leaving hundreds of thousands like this.

　　The rest of the money, in Liu Youdi’s view, can’t do any big business. She was too embarrassed to talk to her boyfriend again, so she turned to her friend for help, so the other party found her a so-called crooked way to make money.

　　Criminal Liu Youdi:She told me to introduce you to a way to make money quickly. I asked her what it was, and she said selling drugs.

　　I was lucky enough not to plead guilty, but now I regret it.

　　Liu Youdi, who was not aware of the law, was persuaded by her friends and contacted her last family, Chen Mou. She drove to Shanwei the day before the murder, bought methamphetamine from Chen Mou and returned to Guangzhou overnight, and then prepared to help sell it through her friends, but she was not expected to be arrested by the police soon. In court, Liu Youdi insisted on not pleading guilty with luck, but now, facing the prosecutor, she regrets her original choice very much.

　　Criminal Liu Youdi:I really regret not pleading guilty at that time. At that time, I still stood very hard. I really regret that at that time, including the presiding judge, including giving me this opportunity to speak my mind, just tell me that you can plead guilty and get this lighter punishment.

　　With Liu Youdi’s own confession of the crime, this drug case, which has gone through nearly four years and seven sessions, has finally come to an end, and the protest of this case is precisely that the procuratorial organ resolutely performs its legal supervision function and strives to make the people feel fair and just in every judicial case.

　　Shen Bingyou, Director of the Second Procuratorial Department of Guangdong Provincial People’s Procuratorate:If there is a mistake, it must be corrected. This mistake includes not only that those who should not be convicted are convicted, but also that those who should be convicted are not convicted. This mistake must be corrected is two-way, not simply one-sided understanding. Because fighting crime and protecting human rights are the dual responsibilities of procuratorial organs, and both are indispensable.

　　Before changing face

　　After changing face

　　Overnight, ZAO, a face-changing software, became so hot that the server couldn’t carry it. Yesterday, a large number of users complained on social platforms that they could not generate videos after downloading the software. Along with the server, there is also a user agreement of about 6,000 words on the platform, which has been accused by many legal experts of "excessively demanding portrait rights". Subsequently, ZAO quickly revised the agreement, removing the clause that the user’s photos and videos are irrevocable and the platform is permanently authorized for free use, and said that the user’s videos will be kept in the server according to the law, but this can’t dispel people’s concerns that the face privacy information may be abused or stolen. At the 2019 World Artificial Intelligence Conference, some experts have pointed out that artificial intelligence should be tied with a "seat belt" in time. In order to further prove the security of similar face apps, the reporter experienced more than 40 apps involving face information recognition and found many problems.

　　event

　　AI face-changing software server "tired collapse"

　　"I played opposite Hugh." "I have crossed to Story of Yanxi Palace!" On the evening of August 30th, a large number of netizens posted small videos co-starring with stars on social platforms. The "mystery" is to upload a personal photo from the face-changing software ZAO, and then select the clips you want to play and the stars you want to replace. The reporter uploaded an online photo and made a video. After waiting for 1 minute, the video is generated. The replacement video chosen by the reporter is several films and TV works by Marilyn Monroe. In the replaced video, the girl’s facial features are blended with Marilyn Monroe in the video, and her expression is natural.

　　"The server that cost 7 million yuan this month has already consumed 1/3 tonight." On the evening of 31st, ZAO official Weibo issued such a sigh. However, even so, this software still can’t meet the needs of a large number of users. At that time, "ZAO collapsed" quickly became a hot topic in Weibo.

　　The reporter actually found that at 20: 00 on the 31st, uploading photos on the platform and clicking "Create Video", the page shows: The current manufacturing task is full and cannot be manufactured; At 23: 30, after the reporter logged in with another account, the platform displayed "The current server manufacturing volume is too large, please try again later." At the same time, ZAO has soared to the second place in the free App list of Apple’s mobile App Store.

　　At 7 o’clock yesterday morning, the reporter tried again and found that the platform was running back to normal. At 10 am, when the reporter made the video, the server showed "Busy" again and returned to the "exhausted" state.

　　progress

　　User agreement adds "special tips"

　　The reporter noticed that the information security of the software triggered a heated discussion. User bad reviews mainly focus on the platform user agreement. On August 30th, Paragraph 1 of Article 6 of the user agreement of the platform stipulated: "Before you upload and/or publish user content, you agree or ensure that the actual owner agrees to grant ‘ ZAO’ And its affiliates and ‘ ZAO’ Users’ global rights are completely free, irrevocable, perpetual, sublicensable and sublicensable, including but not limited to the ability to modify and edit user content in whole or in part … … And the dissemination of information on the user’s content before and after modification, as well as all the property rights and adjacent rights of works enjoyed by copyright owners as stipulated in the Copyright Law.

　　Some users accuse the platform of "using users’ psychology of not carefully reading the contents of the terms to permanently use users’ portrait rights"; There are also users who are worried that their "face information will be used for illegal and criminal activities" because they can’t delete the photos after uploading them.

　　On the evening of August 31st, ZAO added a "special reminder" at the beginning of the user agreement, "The related contents (short videos uploaded by you and your face, etc.) that you authorized to ZAO based on this agreement and your use of ZAO’s related services, ZAO is only used to provide you with the service of uploading/publishing short videos and using technology to partially modify short videos on the platform to generate new short videos, and the related contents will be kept on ZAO in strict accordance with the provisions of relevant laws and regulations. ZAO will not use the above content in any other form or purpose unless it is to improve the service provided by ZAO or to obtain your consent again. "

　　survey

　　The "overlord" clause is not uncommon.

　　There are not only ZAO apps involved in face information recognition. After experiencing more than 40 apps involved in face information recognition, the reporter found that the "overlord" clause similar to ZAO is not uncommon. For example, in the User Agreement of an App named "Face Recognition System", clause 3.1.2 stipulates that "you are the only person responsible for your user content, and you will bear the risk that you or any third party will be identified due to the disclosure of your user content." For another example, Section 2.4 of the User Agreement of the face-changing App“Face link "stipulates that" Face link "provides users with legal and healthy products and services, but users should bear their own responsibilities and risks for their use, and under no circumstances will they be liable for special, unexpected, direct or indirect losses caused by the use or inability to use the provided services.

　　None of these more than 40 apps has a check button on the registration login page, and they are all registered through social media accounts such as mobile phone numbers or WeChat. Users who are anxious to log in and try it out may not know what "overlord clauses" they have accepted after the registration page flashed by. After registration, users must agree to authorize the provision of equipment information and other rights before they can continue to use it. Moreover, there are less than 10 User Agreements of the App, which make special tips on the collection and use of face information at the beginning of the agreement, and set the terms about face information in the user agreement.

　　The reporter also found that dozens of face-changing apps have no User Agreement and Privacy Policy at all.

　　remind

　　Legal experts:

　　"Face-changing" App should be used as little as possible or not.

　　Chen Genfa, an associate researcher at the Institute of Law of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, told the reporter that the Personal Information Security Code stipulates that sensitive personal information uploaded by individuals that can identify facial features should obtain the express consent of the subject of personal information when collecting personal sensitive information. We should ensure that the express consent of the subject of personal information is a concrete, clear and explicit wish expressed voluntarily on the basis of full knowledge. "The" Identification Method for the Illegal Collection and Use of Personal Information by App (Draft for Comment) "issued by the Central Network Information Office in May this year also clearly stipulates that users should be prompted to read the privacy policy through pop-ups and links during the installation and use of App, and the privacy policy links and texts should also be displayed normally. Sensitive personal information such as face collection should also make special tips at the beginning of the agreement. "

　　Lawyer Wang Ying, a partner of Rongshang Law Firm, stressed to reporters the necessity of strict supervision over the use of portraits: "Supervision cannot be advanced but must be delayed, because too advanced supervision will definitely hinder the development of science and technology. But the application of science and technology should be limited. When the relevant supervision has not kept up for the time being, enterprises should also assume their social responsibilities. "

　　Wang Ying believes that the abuse of information will inevitably infringe innocent people’s rights of portrait, reputation and personal privacy, and the setting that users must agree by default is definitely wrong, which is suspected of overlord clause. "For details, please refer to the controversy of Alipay’s Sesame Service Agreement in 2017."

　　Lawyer Wang Ying said that the Law on the Protection of Consumer Rights and Interests clearly stipulates that consumers have the right to choose, and the default consent must be stipulated by law or agreed by both parties in advance. "If these two have no, the program chose to automatically check, it must be wrong. It is suspected that the platform evades responsibility and restricts consumer rights. "

　　Jin Xiang, the chief lawyer of Beijing Jingjian Law Firm, carefully interpreted the terms of ZAO user agreement. He reminded that just for entertainment, freely providing your own portrait for use on the above-mentioned App is really doing more harm than good in the current network environment and the legal supervision of such new things is almost blank. It is recommended that users use it with caution and try to use it as little as possible or not before they understand the legal consequences of using it.

　　extend

　　Internet experts:

　　Artificial intelligence should fasten your seat belt in time.

　　"In fact, it can be understood that the portrait is your ID card, or a part of your identity information database." Liu Xingliang, dean of DCCI Internet Research Institute, said that with the more and more extensive application of face recognition, every ordinary portrait has become an important part of identity information. "In layman’s terms, portraits are as important as ID number, your mobile phone unlock password, voice, fingerprints, etc."

　　Fan Yi, an information security engineer, said that in the field of face recognition, the official application is more trustworthy. "We often meet, like the railway system, which is a relatively safe face recognition application with official background." However, he also stressed: "We are used to it. The password cannot be told to others, and the ID number and bank card number cannot be disclosed at will. But our own faces, but not enough attention. The face-changing App is fun to play, but the hidden dangers behind it are not taken seriously. " Fan Yi revealed that it is still unclear where the stolen portrait will be applied, but its potential hidden dangers cannot be ignored. "Now the online car platform requires drivers to complete face recognition before taking orders to ensure safety. If the face-changed driver passes face recognition, passenger safety cannot be discussed. "

　　At the 2019 World Artificial Intelligence Conference, Ma Huateng, Chairman and CEO of Tencent, said that in the governance of AI, it is necessary to lead all-round governance with "science and technology being good" to ensure that AI is "knowable", "controllable", "available" and "reliable". Shen Xiangyang, global executive vice president of Microsoft, said that today we are the inventors of artificial intelligence, and it is absolutely impossible and should not wait until 80 years later to put a "safety belt" on artificial intelligence.

　　Hu Decheng Zhou Mingjie Sun Yi

　　Yin Chengyue Yuan Lu Li Huanyu

　　Cartography Wu Wei

Cctv news(Reporter Han Fei): From October 23 to 28, the theme interview activity of "High-quality Development Research Bank" was held in Guizhou.

Guofa [2022] No.2 document stands in the national development pattern and clearly supports Guizhou to build six industrial bases, including new energy power batteries and materials research and development production bases. From October 23rd to 24th, the "High-quality Development Investigation Bank" went to Kaiyang County, Guiyang City, Fuquan City and Weng ‘an County, Qiannan Prefecture, to investigate the development of new industrialization.

Take the initiative to seize the development opportunity of new energy industry and promote industrial transformation and upgrading

Anda Science and Technology Energy Co., Ltd., located in Kaiyang County, Guiyang City, was a traditional phosphorus chemical enterprise when it was established in 1996. It mainly relied on the abundant local phosphorus resources, but its production energy consumption was high, pollution was high and the added value of products was low. With the arrival of the new energy industry outlet, the company took the initiative to seek a breakthrough in transformation, and began to focus on the research and development of cathode materials in Ferrous lithium phosphate in 2009. In 2011, Anda’s battery-grade iron phosphate was industrialized, and Anda became the main national supplier of cathode material precursors for BYD lithium batteries.

Anda Company attaches great importance to the investment in production and research, and promotes the continuous "hematopoietic" ability of enterprises through research and development. In recent years, Anda has introduced talents from top domestic scientific research institutions such as Peking University and Tsinghua, and invested more than 100 million yuan in R&D every year. At present, the company has obtained 66 patents, and has become an innovative enterprise integrating the research, development, production and sales of cathode materials for new energy lithium-ion batteries, lithium iron phosphate batteries and battery systems. In 2021, Anda Technology was awarded the title of "Specializing in Special New’ Little Giant’ Enterprise". In March 2023, Anda Technology became the first enterprise in Guizhou to land on the North Exchange. During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, Anda’s new energy battery materials are expected to achieve an annual production capacity of 500,000 tons of Ferrous lithium phosphate and 500,000 tons of iron phosphate, with an estimated total output value of 52 billion yuan.

Despite many achievements, Liu Jianbo, chairman of Anda Technology, said in an interview that enterprises are still facing fierce external competition. Only by continuing to improve quality, reduce costs and increase efficiency and insisting on high-quality development can enterprises continue to maintain their development advantages.

Figure/Anda Science and Technology Factory

"Project is king" to accelerate the construction of 100 billion-level industrial parks

In recent years, Fuquan City, Qiannan Prefecture insists on taking new industrialization as the first traction, highlighting the party’s organizational advantages in the effectiveness of industrial development and the speed of project construction, creating a 100 billion-level industrial park with vertical chains and horizontal groups, and running out of the acceleration of high-quality development of new industrialization.

Hunan Yuneng Company is a major supplier of cathode materials for lithium ion batteries in China. Fuquan City "grabs the speed" to introduce large projects and land large projects. In 2021, Fuquan City attracted Hunan Yuneng to build a new production base and set up Guizhou Yuneng. The Ferrous lithium phosphate production line project with an annual output of 150,000 tons in Guizhou Yuneng Phase I took only six months from leveling to commissioning, setting a record for the construction speed of major projects in Fuquan City. By the end of August, 2023, the second phase of Yuneng, with an annual output of 200,000 tons of iron phosphate and its supporting phosphorus chemical projects, and eight precursor production lines in Ferrous lithium phosphate have all been put into trial operation. The third phase of the project with an annual output of 150,000 tons of Ferrous lithium phosphate and 100,000 tons of iron phosphate is undergoing equipment installation and debugging.

Landing quickly and achieving good results. In 2022, Yuneng New Energy Project achieved an output value of 7.04 billion yuan, accounting for 19.8% of the total industrial output value of Fuquan City in that year. In other words, for every industrial output value of 5 yuan in Fuquan, 1 yuan comes from Yuneng, Guizhou.

Figure/Guizhou Yuneng Factory

Shenzhen Shengtun Group Laifuquan Factory is also one of the big projects introduced by Fuquan City in recent years. Guizhou Shengtun new energy project has an investment of 6.19 billion yuan and a planned land area of more than 1,200 mu, which will be built in two phases.

The first phase of the project with an annual output of 150,000 tons of battery-grade nickel sulfate, 20,000 tons of high-grade nickel matte and comprehensive recovery of gold, silver, platinum and palladium was put into production in August 2023. With the support of Fuquan City, the project construction period has been shortened by more than 50%. The second phase of the project includes a new energy material production line with an annual output of 300,000 tons of battery-grade iron phosphate, 150,000 tons of battery-grade nickel sulfate and 10,000 tons of metal-grade battery-grade cobalt products, which is expected to be completed by the end of 2024. After the completion of the two projects, it is estimated that the annual output value will be more than 20 billion yuan, which will drive more than 2,000 jobs.

In 2023, based on the advantages of industrial cluster development, Fuquan introduced Xiamen Xiamen Xiamen Tungsten New Energy Materials Co., Ltd. around Shengtun Phase II Project, and jointly established Fuquan Xiamen Tungsten 100,000 tons of Ni-Co-Mn ternary precursor project with Shengtun.

High quality promotes the rapid landing of the project and lays a solid foundation for the enterprise cluster to take root in Fuquan and long-term development.

Figure/Guizhou Shengtun Factory

High-quality service makes enterprises willing to stay.

Guizhou Yayou New Materials Co., Ltd. is the first major project of new battery materials introduced from Weng ‘an County, Qiannan Prefecture, and its capital injection enterprise is Hunan Yacheng New Energy Co., Ltd. Guizhou Yayou Phase I project with an annual output of 100,000 tons of iron phosphate with an investment of 1.2 billion yuan was completed and put into operation at the end of 2022, and the cumulative output value in the first three quarters of 2023 was 280 million yuan. The second phase plans to invest 4.6 billion yuan, covering an area of 1,300 mu, mainly building a 200,000-ton iron phosphate production line, etc. It is planned to be completed and put into operation in the second half of 2025. In the future, the production capacity of Yayou in Guizhou will be four times that of the headquarters base.

Under the double blessing of the advantages of resources and industrial clusters, Weng ‘an County has taken the initiative to provide good services and effectively reduce the burden on enterprises. Because the phosphate rock resources declared by Yayou Company in the early stage can not meet the allocation conditions in a short time, it affects the production cost and market competitiveness of the enterprise in the later stage. At the same time when the enterprise declares new phosphate resources, Weng ‘an County has sold the output of 5% equity of the county platform company in Weng ‘an Phosphating Company to Yayou Company at the mining price in exchange for raw materials such as battery-grade ammonium hydrogen phosphate and industrial-grade phosphoric acid. This measure has solved the urgent need for enterprises to produce and use mines, and reduced the cost for enterprises. In addition, Weng ‘an County also gives corresponding support to enterprises in terms of electricity, water and gas security, and solves the difficulties of enterprises one by one in time, so that enterprises can develop more safely in Weng ‘an.

Figure/Yayou Company Workshop

Guizhou is making efforts to optimize the industrial layout and build a development pattern of "one core and two regions". As a "one core", Guiyang Gui ‘an and Kaiyang Xifeng and Weng ‘an Fuquan are taking the phosphorus chemical industry base as the core, cultivating and building new energy batteries and supporting industrial clusters, and promoting the quality improvement of new energy batteries and materials industries.

　　Source: General Administration of Customs Cartography: Cai Huawei

　　According to customs statistics, in the first quarter, the total import and export value of China’s goods trade was 9.89 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 4.8%. China’s foreign trade started smoothly, showing a good trend month by month, and the growth rate of import and export increased month by month. Lv Daliang, spokesman of the General Administration of Customs and director of the Statistics and Analysis Department, said at the press conference of the State Council Office on April 13th that despite the severe and complicated external situation, China’s foreign trade still showed strong resilience. Comprehensive judgment shows that the goal of promoting stability and improving quality of foreign trade this year is supported.

　　The vitality of foreign trade entities has been further enhanced.

　　There were 457,000 foreign trade enterprises with import and export performance, up 5.9% year-on-year.

　　In January, affected by the Spring Festival holiday, imports and exports fell by 7%. From negative to positive in February, it increased by 8% in that month, and the year-on-year growth rate increased to 15.5% in March, showing a positive trend month by month. The overall growth in the first quarter was 4.8%, 2.6 percentage points higher than that in the fourth quarter of last year.

　　The number of foreign trade business entities has increased steadily, showing new vitality. In the first quarter, there were 457,000 foreign trade enterprises with import and export performance in China, up 5.9% year-on-year. Among them, there were 384,000 private enterprises, an increase of 7.5%, and the import and export volume was 5.18 trillion yuan, an increase of 14.4%, accounting for 52.4% of China’s total import and export value. In the same period, the import and export of foreign-invested enterprises was 3.04 trillion yuan, and the import and export of state-owned enterprises was 1.65 trillion yuan, accounting for 30.7% and 16.7% of the total import and export value respectively.

　　"Private enterprises have been the main force in China’s foreign trade development for four consecutive years." Lu Daliang introduced that in 2022, the proportion of private enterprises in China’s total import and export value reached 50.9%, and the annual proportion exceeded half for the first time. In the first quarter of this year, the foreign trade of private enterprises continued to maintain a rapid growth trend, and its proportion further increased.

　　Customs data show that in the first quarter, China’s general trade import and export was 6.46 trillion yuan, up 7.9% year-on-year, accounting for 65.3% of the total import and export value, up 1.9 percentage points from the same period last year. Among them, exports were 3.68 trillion yuan, an increase of 12.7%; Imports reached 2.78 trillion yuan, up 2.2%.

　　Exports of mechanical and electrical products and labor-intensive products have both increased. In the first quarter, the export of mechanical and electrical products in China was 3.27 trillion yuan, up 7.6% year-on-year, accounting for 57.9% of the total export value; Among them, the exports of automobiles, household appliances and batteries were 147.47 billion yuan, 141.24 billion yuan and 116.34 billion yuan, up by 96.6%, 3.2% and 84.8% respectively. In the same period, the export of labor-intensive products was 947.46 billion yuan, an increase of 5.7%.

　　The foreign trade structure was further optimized.

　　The total export of "new three samples" was 264.69 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 66.9%.

　　In the first quarter, China’s total exports of electric manned vehicles, lithium batteries and solar cells ("new three kinds") reached 264.69 billion yuan, up 66.9% year-on-year, accounting for 1.7 percentage points of China’s exports, reaching 4.7%.

　　In recent years, the global attention to new energy and green low-carbon fields has gradually increased, and the strong demand in the international market has also driven the export growth of green low-carbon products in China. Last year, the "new three samples" boosted the overall growth of China’s exports by 1.7 percentage points. This year, the pulling effect has further increased, and the overall growth of exports in the first quarter was 2 percentage points. In the first quarter, China’s "new three samples" exported to more than 200 countries and regions around the world, among which exports to the European Union, the United States, ASEAN, South Korea and the United Kingdom increased by 88.7%, 88.1%, 103.5%, 121.7% and 118.2% respectively.

　　In the first quarter, China’s central and western regions achieved import and export of 1.84 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 12.6%, and the scale reached a record high in the same period. Driven by the national regional coordinated development strategy, the central and western regions have sustained economic development, the proportion of foreign trade imports and exports has continued to increase, and the regional structure of China’s foreign trade has been further optimized.

　　"The central and western regions give play to their location advantages, promote cross-border transportation facilitation, and continuously improve channel operation and logistics efficiency." Lu Daliang said that in the first quarter, the import and export of the new land and sea passage in the west was 969.52 billion yuan, an increase of 10.1%. China-Laos Railway has played an increasingly significant role in China-ASEAN trade since its opening more than a year ago. In the first quarter of this year, it supervised and released 880,000 tons of import and export goods, an increase of 219%.

　　The scale of border trade through border crossings has steadily increased. In the first quarter, the total import and export of border trade and small-scale border trade was 89.7 billion yuan, a record high in the same period, up 111% year-on-year, and the proportion of foreign trade in central and western China increased by 2.3 percentage points year-on-year to 4.9%.

　　Foreign trade market expansion is more balanced.

　　Imports and exports to countries along the Belt and Road increased by 16.8%

　　In the first quarter, most of China’s top ten export markets maintained positive growth. Among them, exports to ASEAN, Japan and the European Union increased by 28%, 5.3% and 0.3% respectively, and the export growth rate to South Korea, India and Mexico exceeded double digits. The foreign trade regional market is further developed and more balanced.

　　"This year is ‘ Belt and Road ’ Tenth anniversary of the initiative. In the past ten years, China has been interested in ‘ Belt and Road ’ The proportion of imports and exports of countries along the route in China’s overall foreign trade has increased significantly from 25% in 2013 to 32.9% in 2022. " Lv Daliang said that in the first quarter, China’s import and export to countries along the Belt and Road increased by 16.8%, 12 percentage points higher than the overall growth rate of China’s foreign trade in the same period; It accounted for 34.6% of the total import and export value, up 3.5 percentage points. Among them, the import and export to Southeast Asia, West Asia, North Africa, Central Asia and South Asia along the route increased by 16.1%, 12.5%, 32.2% and 4.1% respectively. In the first quarter, China’s import and export to countries along the "Belt and Road" increased by 24.6% and 61.8% respectively by railway and road transportation.

　　In the first quarter, China’s imports and exports to the other 14 member countries of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (RCEP) totaled 3.08 trillion yuan, up 7.3% year-on-year, accounting for 31.2% of China’s total foreign trade in the same period, and the proportion increased by 0.8 percentage points compared with the same period of last year. Lv Daliang analyzed that in the first quarter, China’s imports and exports to other RCEP member countries increased by more than 10% to seven, among which imports and exports to Singapore, Laos and Myanmar all increased by more than 20%, reaching 45.8%, 37.8% and 29% respectively.

　　Lv Daliang said that at present, the global economic instability, uncertainty and unpredictable risks are increasing, and China’s foreign trade development will face many difficulties and challenges. However, we must also see that China’s economy is strong in resilience, great in potential and full of vitality, and its long-term positive fundamentals remain unchanged. "I believe that with the continuous overall improvement of China’s economic operation, the positive momentum of foreign trade is expected to continue further." He said that the customs will further optimize and upgrade the relevant policies and measures according to the demands of enterprises this year, and will continue to release the dividends of policies and measures to better help foreign trade to promote stability and improve quality.

Li Dadong, an academician of China Academy of Engineering, teaches students. Hu Qingming photo/bright picture

　　Jiang Huasong, who is 54 years old and has been teaching for 33 years, was finally awarded a professor not long ago.

　　Different from the well-known "in the evaluation of university titles, scientific research achievements and the number of papers are the most important", the teacher of Science College of Nanjing Forestry University, who has been an associate professor for 12 years, opened the door to "professor" with "no paper, no scientific research, all relying on the performance and achievements of classroom teaching at ordinary times".

　　Today, colleges and universities in China are generally criticized for "emphasizing scientific research over teaching". This incident was interpreted by the media as "you can be a professor without a paper" and quickly boarded a hot search. Many netizens, teachers and scholars praised the title evaluation policy of Nanlinda University, believing that classified evaluation and giving full play to talents can promote the improvement of teaching quality in colleges and universities, change the argument that "teaching well is better than writing well" and "open up a new channel for the evaluation of professional titles in colleges and universities" and "is the general trend".

　　But with the fermentation and spread of things, more doubts followed.

　　In the past few days, more than one teacher told reporters that teaching, scientific research and social service are the three major responsibilities of professors, and one of them cannot be neglected; Teaching without research is not deep, and teaching without scientific research does not conform to the law of the development of higher education today. Some scholars even bluntly said, "Comment on ‘ Teaching professor ’ It is misleading to the public. "

　　Why did this incident cause such a controversy in academic circles? The reporter interviewed college teachers in depth, truthfully reflected their voices and voices, and hoped that this would lead to more thoughts on the evaluation of college professional titles.

　　Argument 1 “What is a professor?

　　[Reporter’s observation]: The reason why "you don’t need a paper to judge a professor" causes controversy lies in the different understanding of the word "professor". Wang Hao, president of Nanlin University, said that this initiative was launched because "the most important task of a university is to teach and educate people. Scientific research is important, but it is more important to let teachers return to their teaching duties". This has attracted a lot of spit: "Professor" is originally an academic title, and it is not a professor without doing research.

　　What is "professor"? Can only good teaching be qualified as a university professor?

　　● Positive: Teachers should return to their teaching duties.

　　Chen Feng (pseudonym), a lecturer at a university in Shanxi:

　　I am a university teacher who teaches public courses, and I like the professional title evaluation regulations of "teaching professor" in Nanlin University.

　　Since I first joined the company, I have been constantly reminded by "experienced people" that teaching is a conscientious job, and class is almost enough. The key is to hand out enough papers. For a long time, the evaluation of professional titles in domestic colleges and universities is mostly based on scientific research results, and teaching only needs to complete the class hours. Influenced by this "baton", many teachers spend most of their energy on scientific research, but only regard teaching as a "public task". "Teaching is better than writing well" and "Scientific research is a private land and teaching is a public field" are also circulating in colleges and universities. Especially for basic courses such as mathematics and foreign languages, teachers have taken on a lot of teaching tasks, so it is difficult to have leisure time to study scientific research. In addition, what was originally taught was some classical theoretical knowledge systems, so it was difficult to make a breakthrough in scientific research. Over time, the kung fu of scientific research was left behind.

　　Teaching and educating people is the greatest duty of teachers, and it needs to be emphasized today. In recent years, in addition to professional title evaluation, many universities have also introduced teaching bonuses, which is a good signal. Only by making it easier for those teachers who devote themselves to teaching and specialize in teaching to promote their professional titles can we stimulate the enthusiasm of the teaching staff to the maximum extent and promote the resonance of teaching and scientific research at the same frequency. This is the general trend and the aspiration of the people.

　　○ Against: University professors must engage in scientific research.

　　Wu Zunmin, a professor at East China Normal University:

　　It is simply unreasonable to "evaluate professors without a paper". University professors must engage in scientific research, and they can evaluate "senior lecturers" only by giving lectures without research, but they must never evaluate professors.

　　It is undeniable that teaching is one of the basic responsibilities of university teachers, and attending classes is the basic skill of university professors. However, as the highest academic title of a university, "professor" has only one standard in the world, that is, not only to teach first-class, but also to conduct profound scientific research and lead growth — — Teaching, scientific research and service are the three major responsibilities of professors, and any emphasis on one of them while ignoring the others will lower the standards of professors.

　　"Professor" comes from Latin, which originally means an expert in the field of art and science, and now it is the highest academic title in colleges and universities in the world. Its implication is simple, that is, in colleges and universities, the primary task of professors is to engage in innovative research in their respective disciplines and offer courses for undergraduate and graduate students. Compared with lecturers and associate professors, professors have more important significance in their leading role, having profound insights into the research frontiers and existing problems of the discipline, reflecting the pursuit of profound knowledge and leading the development direction of the discipline. Only in this way can professors play their due role and truly lead the growth of students and young teachers.

　　Of course, I’m not denying that the professor has to attend classes. Today, what we want to advocate is that professors should lead the team of teachers to improve the teaching ability, academic level and team spirit of young people. My ideal is such a state: the basic courses of undergraduates can be mainly undertaken by lecturers and associate professors, and guided by professors; The courses for postgraduate students are undertaken by associate professors and the courses for doctoral students are undertaken by professors, thus forming a three-level structure, in which lecturers are trained, associate professors are the link between the preceding and the following, and professors lead, which will not affect the scientific research level of colleges and universities and will not "kill the professors".

　　Debate 2: Are teaching and research complementary or mutually exclusive?

　　[Reporter’s observation]: What is implied in the debate about "what is a professor" is actually a dispute over the relationship between teaching and scientific research. In recent years, the call for professors to teach undergraduate students is deafening, and the debate about whether universities should focus on scientific research or teaching is heated up. During the interview, more than one teacher complained to reporters that too many class hours made him too busy for scientific research; Some teachers also believe that teaching will distract their scientific research energy and they can only "choose what is more important for their own development". But there are also many people who believe that without academic research, one’s teaching cannot achieve Excellence; "Teaching without scientific research is an education without views and soul".

　　How to treat teaching and scientific research? Are teaching and research complementary or mutually exclusive?

　　● Positive: Teachers’ energy is limited, and "teaching" will inevitably lead to "scientific research".

　　Tommy (pseudonym), a lecturer at a university in Beijing:

　　I don’t think scientific research and teaching have a particularly direct relationship in a sense. It must be admitted that there are differences between different teachers, some are good at teaching, some are good at scientific research, and a few people can go hand in hand with teaching and scientific research. In my growing experience, many times a good teacher is not a good researcher, and a good researcher’s evaluation score is very low.

　　There are examples. A previous survey on the School of Business and Economics of Maastricht University showed that in the undergraduate stage, the teaching of top researchers can’t improve the performance of undergraduates, and the role of these scholars will only be reflected in the postgraduate courses. From the feedback of students, they will not give these top researchers higher teaching evaluation scores. Even many undergraduate students give the best researchers in the school a score lower than the average of the school.

　　There are two reasons for this: First, compared with basic research, teaching is a completely different skill. The former needs to study, while the latter needs to learn from others, need special teaching skills and methods, establish close relationships with students, etc. Few people have the same excellent quality in scientific research and teaching; Second, the existing orientation makes teachers often "pay more attention to scientific research than teaching" — — "No time for scientific research" has become the most common state around me, and many teachers are unwilling to participate in teaching evaluation activities. "All-staff scientific research" is the truest portrayal of China University.

　　Teachers’ energy is limited, and "teaching" is bound to lose "scientific research". Therefore, I think it is necessary to set up two professional title evaluation and employment systems, namely, "research professor" and "teaching professor", so that every teacher can find his own development space and get treatment that matches his value.

　　○ Counterparty: Teaching without the guidance of scientific research ideas cannot be regarded as "university teaching".

　　Guo Yingjian, a professor at Renmin University of China:

　　At present, there are many misunderstandings or misunderstandings about the relationship between teaching and scientific research in universities in China. The first is to treat teaching and scientific research in opposition. But in fact, in the world, all kinds of colleges and universities have put forward much higher requirements for the scientific research of "professors". Teaching without the guidance of scientific research ideas cannot be regarded as "university teaching".

　　In the United States, even teaching-oriented liberal arts colleges pay more and more attention to teachers’ scientific research ability and the publication of their achievements. In May 2014, Academy, the publication of American Association of University Professors, published a research result, which showed that scientific research and the publication of teachers’ scientific research results played an increasingly important role in teachers’ evaluation, even in teaching-centered liberal arts colleges. These researchers choose four-year colleges of arts and sciences because these universities generally focus on teaching, while those research universities pay more attention to research and publication.

　　Scientific research promotes teaching, which is not only conducive to teachers’ innovative teaching, but also conducive to the cultivation of students’ critical thinking. It has been suggested that the times are changing rapidly, and only those teachers who are engaged in academic research have the ability to acquire and exchange the latest knowledge with students. As far as teachers are concerned, only research-oriented teachers can better choose the content of lectures, know what important topics and concepts to choose, and spread knowledge to students in a more appropriate way. Many foreign universities believe that academic research by teachers is also attractive to students. Students’ participation in scientific research or academic research has become the norm of undergraduate education in many foreign universities.

　　Debate 3: Can professors "rule by type"?

　　[Reporter’s observation]: In fact, Nanlinda is not the first person to "eat crabs". As early as ten years ago, "teaching professors" entered the institutional level of domestic universities one after another. In this regard, some commentators believe that "teaching-oriented professor" is conducive to solving the imbalance between scientific research and teaching, to the selection of university talents and the optimal allocation of human resources, and to the formation of school-running characteristics of universities according to their own characteristics. However, some people object that university professors cannot be "governed by different types" and that "teaching-oriented professors" are subjective fabrications that do not conform to the law of higher education development.

　　● Pro: "Teaching-oriented professor" redefines "academic"

　　Professor Li Qi of Beijing Normal University:

　　Since the end of World War II, in many countries with developed higher education, the attention paid to scientific research has far exceeded the attention paid to teaching, and even had a negative impact on the fundamental mission of talent training in colleges and universities. In this context, developed countries, led by the United States, began to reaffirm the core mission of teaching. Among them, Ernest Boyer wrote in Academic Reflection — — The report "Priority of Teaching Work" puts forward that "academic" should be redefined, and the new "academic" should contain four interrelated aspects, including "discovery, synthesis, application and teaching". To some extent, this academic idea reconciled the contradiction between scientific research and teaching, and also integrated them together. As a matter of fact, as long as university administrators allow, professors can choose one of the above four disciplines in teaching, scientific research and social services, develop relevant literacy, and thus become qualified professors.

　　It can be imagined that even if there is no "teaching professor", the main responsibility of teachers should be teaching in teaching-oriented colleges whose core mission is teaching. But this does not necessarily mean that teachers in teaching-oriented colleges do not need to carry out scientific research. Under the new definition of "academic", what to teach, how to teach, who will teach and who will learn are teaching problems that need to be studied, and they are professional problems. However, under the current college environment and professional title evaluation system, these problems have become management problems. Only by reducing management problems to professional problems, allowing teachers to solve specific professional problems through school-based research and guiding teachers to participate in school-based teaching research and evaluation can we achieve the goal of encouraging teachers to continuously improve teaching quality.

　　○ Counterparty: "Teaching-oriented professor" can only be "the product of historical transition period"

　　Guo Yingjian, a professor at Renmin University of China:

　　"Teaching-oriented professor" is only a product of the transitional period, and discussions like this and their topics — — That is, "can you judge a professor without a paper?" It’s just a transitional topic. Because this is actually a problem left over from history, that is, there are some (even a large number of) scholars born after 50, 60 or even 70. Before or after they entered colleges and universities, they did not study for a doctorate or the highest degree in related industries because of historical or personal reasons, because they did not pay enough attention to scientific research because of their biased understanding, or they were not interested in scientific research, or their scientific research ability was limited. Some of them hardly engaged in scientific research, but their teaching level was very high. However, this phenomenon will hardly appear again in the process of the growth of scholars after 75 and 80 — — Because they don’t have a doctor’s degree or the highest degree in related industries, they don’t have strict academic research training, and they don’t have corresponding scientific research results, so they can’t enter colleges and universities at all.

　　Personally, I think that university professors can’t "rule by type". In my opinion, universities can’t have professors who only teach and don’t do scientific research, nor can they have professors who only do scientific research and don’t engage in teaching — — It’s interesting that this type of professor exists in many colleges and universities now, but it is rarely discussed. The reason is very simple, the responsibility of the title of professor — — Teaching, scientific research and service should be indispensable. The "teaching-oriented professor" implemented in China universities at present is an expedient measure to solve the problems left over from history, and it is believed that it will gradually disappear in the future, which is not the "general trend".

　　Argument 4 “How to evaluate "excellent teaching ability"

　　[Reporter’s observation]: Among many debates, there is also a focus on how to evaluate "teaching Excellence". According to reports, there are two evaluation dimensions in the selection of "teaching professors" by Nanlin University: teacher-student evaluation and classroom quality expert evaluation. The evaluation of teachers and students is made up of the data collected by the school’s student affairs office from the graduates’ teaching activities in the past five years. The expert evaluation of classroom quality is conducted by the Academic Affairs Office, without teachers’ knowledge, by randomly grabbing three 45-minute teaching videos from the previous year’s teaching videos, and organizing at least three national or provincial-level teaching masters outside the school, as well as on-campus teaching supervision, etc. In this regard, some people think that this is a return to the initial heart and origin of teaching, giving the right to judge to students and peers; However, it has also been pointed out that "teaching Excellence" should be reflected in its popularization and reproducibility, rather than just being decided by the students in their own classes.

　　● Positive: Teaching should speak with classroom quality.

　　Chu Zhaohui, a researcher at China Academy of Educational Sciences:

　　At the present stage of development of universities in China, I think it is necessary to evaluate some teaching-oriented professors, and the key issue is how to evaluate them. At present, colleges and universities have not reached a consensus, but it must be recognized that teaching-oriented professors cannot be regarded as "professors with low scientific research level" and "professors who do not write papers", or they need to be evaluated from their functions.

　　In this regard, the practice of Nanlin University is still good. The core essence is that teaching should speak with classroom quality, especially by adding the link of attending lectures or watching teaching videos, and inviting national or provincial famous teachers and school supervisors to comment, which can effectively ensure that people who are really good at teaching can be screened out.

　　However, I think it is necessary to clearly distinguish the boundary between student evaluation and teacher evaluation, and use teacher-student evaluation scientifically: due to the limitation of students’ knowledge level, student evaluation is more about evaluating teachers’ attitude and their own learning feelings, rather than teachers’ professional level; Teachers and experts should pay more attention to professional evaluation, and ensure that authoritative experts generally recognized by teachers form a third-party evaluation agency to maintain the authority and credibility of the system.

　　○ Counterparty: "Excellent teaching ability", and the bottom line of scientific research cannot be broken.

　　Tang Bin, Associate Professor of Southwest University:

　　I don’t think that public teachers don’t have the time and space to do scientific research, and "teaching professors" don’t need to issue papers. Students and peers are indispensable for the evaluation of "excellent teaching ability", but the evaluation of professors must have a considerable level of scientific research, and this bottom line cannot be broken.

　　From my own experience, I feel that scientific research and teaching are "separated" in the first two years. At this stage, a lot of time is spent in the process of preparing lessons, getting familiar with teaching materials, making courseware, and repeatedly modifying teaching design. There is not much real scientific research. But after this stage, you will find that the existing knowledge reserve, teaching methods and teaching design can’t meet the requirements of high-quality courses, but can only say that the knowledge is spoken out. From then on, scientific research and teaching have interacted and started to promote each other — — To teach a course well, teachers need to constantly delve into problems and break through the original knowledge pattern, which will form a process of "looking for scientific research in teaching and feeding back teaching with the results of scientific research or phased results".

　　Therefore, I think that the current evaluation dimension of "excellent teaching ability" is more important than not losing scientific research, but this kind of scientific research can be more reflected in teaching research, as well as the replicability, popularization and influence of teaching experience, such as publishing teaching reform papers, participating in teaching reform projects, and obtaining teaching results.

　　Debate 5: Can the teaching indicators of different levels and types of universities be different?

　　[Reporter’s observation]: As of June this year, there were 2,956 institutions of higher learning in China. During the interview, some teachers said that more than 2,000 universities should be divided into levels and functions, and China does not need so many research universities. In non-research universities, professional title evaluation should pay more attention to teaching or achievement transformation; In this regard, some people also expressed strong opposition, saying that no matter what type or level of colleges and universities, the scientific research skills of "professors" must not be lost.

　　Can the evaluation index and orientation of professional titles in different levels and types of universities be different?

　　● Positive: The evaluation of professional titles should move from "a ruler" to distinctive and differentiated.

　　Li Huadong (pseudonym), a staff member of the Personnel Department of a university in Jiangsu;

　　My college is a national demonstrative higher vocational college. I think that the evaluation criteria of professional titles in different levels and types of colleges and universities are different, and we can’t "measure everything with one ruler" but have characteristics and differences.

　　In Jiangsu, in fact, many colleges and universities have started reforms like Nanlin University. On the basis of fully considering the diversity of teachers, all colleges and universities have formulated professional title evaluation methods that are suitable for the actual situation of teachers in each school according to the differences in disciplines and types. As we evaluate professors in vocational colleges, we should pay more attention to the classroom effect, social contribution, the effectiveness of the transformation of achievements, or even more, instead of judging heroes by scientific research achievements, as in research universities such as Peking University and Tsinghua.

　　○ Counterparty: Teaching, scientific research and social services, the "three brushes" of professors must not be lost.

　　Cheng Fangping, a professor at Renmin University of China:

　　I think that no matter what type and level of colleges and universities, the orientation of professor evaluation is the same, that is, teaching, scientific research and social service can not be lost. Only in different levels and types of colleges and universities, the specific indicators or manifestations of the above three points are different.

　　The first thing in university education is to teach professionally, the second is to explore unknown fields, and the third is to serve the society, regardless of ancient and modern times. Therefore, even in some application-oriented universities, teachers also need scientific research to study how to explore and spread outside the teaching materials. It’s just that there are academic research, practical research and practical research, and research-oriented and applied universities have their own research paths. Some of these are new discoveries and inventions, and some are the transformation of existing achievements, but this must not be ignored because of the different types and levels of universities. It should also be noted that today, we can not only emphasize that teaching-oriented teachers should attach importance to scientific research, but also emphasize that teachers who are good at research should attach importance to the improvement of teaching methods, and they can have different weights in different series of evaluation and employment standards, but teaching and scientific research must be evaluation dimensions and are indispensable.

　　(Reporter Deng Hui)

　　[Illustration of new car in car home] On the 6th of next month, another Peugeot convertible sports car, the 207CC, will be officially launched. Before the launch, we saw this sports car called "French small steel cannon" in an imported Peugeot 4S shop in China. Let’s take a look at this car together.

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　　Because it was taken with a mobile phone without the knowledge of the 4S shop, the picture quality is not very good and the quantity is small. In order to introduce you more information about the 207CC, we borrowed some official pictures to explain this car to you. Please forgive me.

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　　Since it is called a "small steel gun", its dynamic performance is naturally very strong. The 207CC model is equipped with a 1.6T twin-scroll supercharged engine jointly developed with BMW. Like the engines used by BMW’s MINI cooper s and MINI clubman S, the maximum power and torque of this engine can reach 150 HP and 240N·m after being tuned on the 207CC, which is in performance competition with Volkswagen’s GTI model and matched with 5.

　　In addition to the improvement in power, another biggest difference between Peugeot 207 CC and Peugeot’s previous convertible lies in the convertible part of the roof. In the previous 206 CC, the convertible lock had to be opened manually before and after opening/closing the convertible, but in the previous 207 CC, it was all changed to electric mode. You only need to press the control key of the roof to switch the hood, and the computer will automatically complete this program, and the whole folding action can be completed in only 25 seconds, which is more convenient and easy to use. However, the 207CC still adopts Peugeot’s traditional two-fold convertible design, which sacrifices the use space of the trunk when the convertible is opened.

　　There is still 187 liters of space in the trunk when the convertible is open, and the key of 207 CC is also designed with a special remote control opening button for the trunk, which is convenient for the owner to use the trunk when the vehicle is parked properly.

"Peugeot 207CC has 7 colors to choose from, and there are many options for interior color matching. 』

　　Besides power, vehicle configuration is another issue that people pay attention to. What does 207CC bring us this time? Let’s see. ESP, four airbags, leather steering wheel, 17-inch aluminum alloy wheels, dual-zone automatic air conditioning system, multi-disc CD supporting MP3 format, and JBL’s 10-speaker stereo also appear in the list of 207 CC. Except for 17-inch aluminum alloy wheels and multi-disc CD, the configurations we just mentioned are all standard configurations, so how powerful is it? However, the GPS system assembled on the foreign 207CC has also become an optional accessory in China for some reason.

　

"In terms of functional configuration, 207CC is still practical. 』

　　Because we have been in contact with this car for a very short time, we can’t know more about this car, but from the price of 265,000 yuan for the comfort version and 295,000 yuan for the luxury version quoted by the dealer, the price/performance ratio of this car is excellent. It is understood that the 207CC model introduced into China this time only has manual transmission. From this point of view, Peugeot wants to position this car as a personalized model with both performance and appearance, and change people’s views on 307CC and 206CC "meat bugs" in the past. The introduction of 207CC in this paper is only superficial and does not involve too many details inside the car.If you want to know more about the 207CC model, please pay attention to our recently launched 207CC real shot article and 207CC model evaluation test drive article.(Text/car home Yuyuan)

Peugeot 207CC configuration parameters

Model picture
Basic parameter	Peugeot 207cc 1.6T fashion
Model name:	Peugeot 207cc 1.6T fashion
Quotation:	00,000
Brand:	beautiful; handsome; PEUGEOT
Level:	small family car
Engine:	1.6T 150 HP L4
Gearbox:	5th gear manual
Length× width× height:	4037×1750×1397
Body structure:	2-door 2-seat hardtop convertible
bodywork	Peugeot 207cc 1.6T fashion
Length (mm):	4037
Width (mm):	1750
Height (mm):	1397
Vehicle weight (Kg):	–
Wheelbase (mm):	2540
Front track (mm):	1469
Rear track (mm):	1470
Minimum ground clearance (mm):	–
Body structure:	Hard top convertible
Number of vehicles (units):	2
Number of seats (units):	2
Tank volume (l):	50
Trunk volume (l):	370
engine	Peugeot 207cc 1.6T fashion
Displacement (cc):	1598
Displacement (l):	one point six
Working mode:	turbocharge
Cylinder arrangement type:	L
Number of cylinders (units):	four
Number of valves per cylinder (units):	four
Compression ratio:	10.5
Valve structure:	DOHC
Cylinder diameter:	77
Stroke:	85.8
Horsepower (Ps):	150
Maximum power (kW):	110
Maximum power speed (rpm):	5800
Maximum torque (n m):	240
Maximum torque speed (rpm):	1400-3500
Engine specific technology:	–
Fuel:	petrol
Fuel label:	No.97
Oil supply mode:	multipoint injection
Cylinder material:	aluminium (Al)
Cylinder head material:	aluminium (Al)
Environmental standards:	Ou IV
gearbox	Peugeot 207cc 1.6T fashion
Name:	5th gear manual
Number of gears:	five
Gearbox type:	MT
Chassis steering	Peugeot 207cc 1.6T fashion
Driving mode:	Precursor
Front suspension type:	mcphersonindependent suspension
Rear suspension type:	Torsion beam independent suspension
Type of assistance:	Electronic hydraulic booster
Wheel braking	Peugeot 207cc 1.6T fashion
Front brake type:	Ventilating disc
Rear brake type:	Dish type
Former tyre size:	205/45 R17
After tyre size:	205/45 R17
Spare tire:	full-scale

Safety equipment	Peugeot 207cc 1.6T fashion
Driver’s seat airbag:	●
Co-pilot airbag:	●
Front head airbag (air curtain):	–
Rear head airbag (air curtain):	–
Front side airbag:	●
Rear side airbag:	–
Knee airbag:	–
Electronic anti-theft:	●
Central locking in the car:	●
Remote control key:	●
Keyless start system:	●
Control configuration	Peugeot 207cc 1.6T fashion
ABS anti-lock braking:	●
Brake force distribution (EBD/CBC):	●
Brake assist (EBA/BAS/BA):	●
Traction control (ASR/TCS/TRC, etc.):	●
Body stability control (ESP/DSC/VSC):	●
Parking brake system:	–
Lifting (air) suspension:	–
Tire pressure monitoring device:	●
Continue driving with zero tire pressure:	–
Active steering system:	–
External configuration	Peugeot 207cc 1.6T fashion
Electric sunroof:	–
Panoramic skylight:	–
Same color rearview mirror:	●
Same color rubbing strip:	●
Sports version surround:	–
Aluminum alloy wheel hub:	●
Internal configuration	Peugeot 207cc 1.6T fashion
Leather steering wheel:	●
Steering wheel up and down adjustment:	●
Steering wheel fore and aft adjustment:	●
Multifunctional steering wheel:	●
Steering wheel shift:	–
Left foot rest pedal:	●
Constant speed cruise:	●
Parking aid:	–
Reverse video image:	–
Driving computer display screen:	●
HUD head-up digital display:	–
Seat configuration	Peugeot 207cc 1.6T fashion
Leather seats:	●
Sports seat:	–
Seat height adjustment:	●
Lumbar support adjustment:	–
Electric adjustment of front seats:	–
Power seat memory:	–
Seat heating:	–
Front seat center armrest:	●
Sit back on the central armrest:	–
Front cup holder:	●
Rear cup holder:	–
Seat massage/ventilation:	–
The rear seat is laid down as a whole:	–
Rear seats are laid down in proportion:	–
The third row of seats:	–
Multimedia configuration	Peugeot 207cc 1.6T fashion
GPS navigation system:	–
Multimedia control system:	–
Bluetooth system:	–
Car TV:	–
Car phone:	–
Center console LCD screen:	–
Rear LCD:	–
External audio source (AUX/USB/iPod, etc.):	–
CD supports MP3/WMA:	–
Single CD:	–
Multi-disc CD converter:	●
Single DVD:	–
Multi-disc DVD system:	–
2-3 Speaker system:	–
4-5 Speaker system:	–
6-7 Speaker system:	●
≥8 speaker system:	–
Lighting configuration	Peugeot 207cc 1.6T fashion
Xenon headlights:	–
Automatic headlights:	●
Turn headlights (auxiliary lights):	●
Front fog lamp:	●
Rear fog lamp:	●
Headlight height adjustable:	–
Headlight cleaning device:	–
Glass/rearview mirror	Peugeot 207cc 1.6T fashion
Front power window:	●
Rear power window:	–
Window anti-pinch function:	●
Electric adjustment of rearview mirror:	●
Mirror heating:	–
Automatic anti-glare of rearview mirror:	–
Electric folding of rearview mirror:	–
Manual rear sunshade:	–
Electric rear sunshade:	–
Rear side sunshade:	–
Sunvisor vanity mirror:	●
Induction wiper:	●
Air conditioner/refrigerator	Peugeot 207cc 1.6T fashion
Manual air conditioning:	–
Automatic air conditioning:	●
Rear seat air outlet:	–
Temperature zone control:	●
In-vehicle air conditioning:	–
Car refrigerator:	–

A series of measures to "strengthen teachers" sounded the horn of accelerating the construction of teachers in basic education, and also gave the best answer to "how to strengthen teachers" in the new era.

　　Source | China Teachers’ Daily, December 28th, 13th edition.

　　Author | Our reporter Huang Hao

　　Education is the foundation of a country and a strong country. Report to the 20th CPC National Congress emphasized that education, science and technology and talents are the basic and strategic supports for building a socialist modern country in an all-round way. The report makes special arrangements for "running a satisfactory education for the people", highlighting the basic, leading and overall status of education.

　　Teachers are the first resource for the development of education — — In 2018, the Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Comprehensively Deepening the Reform of Teachers’ Team Construction in the New Era was released, which once again emphasized the extreme importance of teachers to education.

　　Promoting the high-quality development of education in the new era with the construction of high-quality teachers is undoubtedly the logical way to promote the education power. How to strengthen the teacher? Following this logical thread, to build a team of high-quality professional and innovative teachers, it is urgent for us to build a world-class teacher education system with China characteristics, which has also become a new mission of teacher education in the new era.

　　Looking back on 2022, around the mission of teacher education, the Ministry of Education and other eight departments issued the "Strong Teacher Plan for Basic Education in the New Era" (referred to as "Strong Teacher Plan"). Focusing on the plan of strengthening teachers, the collaborative quality improvement plan of normal education has been implemented rapidly, the training of normal students in the "excellent teacher plan" has been strengthened, and the training documents for primary school science teachers have been issued … … A series of measures to "strengthen teachers" sounded the horn of accelerating the construction of teachers in basic education, and also gave the best answer to "how to strengthen teachers" in the new era.

　　The plan of strengthening teachers was introduced to find a "fulcrum" for the construction of teachers.

　　The introduction of the "Strong Teacher Program" coincides with the fifth year of the "Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Comprehensively Deepening the Reform of Teacher Team Construction in the New Era", and it is also the "Action Plan for Revitalizing Teacher Education (2018— 2022) The last year of implementation.

　　"China education in the new era needs to build a high-quality education system. High-quality education cannot be separated from high-quality teachers, and high-quality education system cannot be separated from high-quality teacher education system. Therefore, it is timely to introduce the strong teacher program at the current time node, which is of great significance to the times. " Li Zhengtao, director and professor of the Institute of Basic Education Reform and Development of East China Normal University, said.

　　Focusing on perfecting the characteristic teacher education system in China, perfecting the training mechanism of high-level teachers, strengthening the construction of rural teachers, improving the governance level of teachers, and promoting the digital construction of teachers, the plan for strengthening teachers has put forward 15 specific measures, including building a foundation to improve quality, making up for the weak, making the best and building the strong, covering all dimensions of teacher education, which is typical and systematic.

　　As an outline document, the plan of strengthening teachers first puts forward "strengthening training and perfecting the teacher education system with China characteristics", which is one of the weak links of teacher education in China and a topic that many teachers’ education experts and researchers are eagerly concerned about.

　　In recent years, the state has continuously increased its investment in teacher education. At present, 215 normal colleges and more than 500 non-normal colleges have participated in teacher training, basically forming a teacher education system with China characteristics. However, the level of running a normal university and the level of guarantee still need to be strengthened, and the conditions for running a normal university need to be improved. It is against this background that the National Development and Reform Commission supports about 50 normal universities to strengthen the construction of teaching and research facilities, and supports each university to invest 100 million yuan in the central budget.

　　Under the double blessing of policy and funds, how to build a perfect teacher education system? Zhong Binglin, a member of the National Education Advisory Committee and a professor at Beijing Normal University, suggested that according to the 14th Five-Year Plan, we should give full play to the main role of normal universities in teacher training, encourage comprehensive universities to hold teacher education, and encourage high-level engineering colleges to carry out vocational education for teachers.

　　Liu Yichun, an academician of China Academy of Sciences and president of Northeast Normal University, pointed out that to improve the overall quality of teachers, it is necessary to improve the system of teacher education: first, to improve the quality of students through the policy attraction mechanism; second, to improve the quality of excellent teachers and educator teachers through the reform of the training mode of normal universities; and third, to improve the quality of development through on-the-job experience and vocational training.

　　In short, vertically, pre-service training and post-service training of teachers need to be integrated and strengthened; In the horizontal direction, teachers’ education institutions in normal universities and comprehensive universities need to intensify reforms in training mode and discipline construction.

　　Today, the curtain of reform has been opened. The long-term goal listed in the plan of strengthening teachers is to build an open, coordinated and linked high-level teacher education system to meet the requirements of educational modernization and building an educational power by 2035. Imagine the future, this scene is not far away from us.

　　Part of the layout of the report on the plan of strengthening teachers in China Teachers’ Newspaper

　　Cooperate to improve quality and speed up, and help normal education to be stronger and more specialized.

　　Normal university is the main source of teacher training and the main position of teacher education. How to better train normal students, improve the quality of teacher training, and let the best talents train better people? Building a strong normal college is the meaning of the title.

　　The plan of strengthening teachers proposes to implement the collaborative quality improvement plan of normal education and focus on the construction of weak normal colleges.

　　In 2022, as the landing of the plan of strengthening teachers, the collaborative quality improvement plan of normal education was officially launched, led by 10 high-level normal colleges such as Beijing Normal University and East China Normal University, and some provincial higher-level normal colleges participated as "collaborative assistance" colleges to jointly help weak normal colleges. This plan covers 72 normal colleges across the country.

　　In the past 40 years, the dispute between the integration of normal universities and the nature of normal universities has not been cut off. Some weak normal universities have turned to comprehensive schools, and the training of normal students has been weakened. The collaborative quality improvement plan of normal education emphasizes returning to the initial heart of normal education and focusing on the main business of normal education, which also brings new opportunities to the development of local weak normal colleges.

　　Since June, 2022, ten groups of the collaborative quality improvement plan for normal education have held joint meetings one after another, which has started a series of assistance work.

　　In Hunan Normal University, starting from July 2022, the training course on improving the ability of young and middle-aged key teachers in weak colleges undertaken by Hunan Normal University, the first summer social practice activity led by the Youth League Committee of Fujian Normal University, and the training course for key teachers in rural primary schools jointly undertaken by Hunan Normal University and Ningxia Normal University started one after another, which opened the learning curtain for college students in the group. In order to better serve the development of weak normal universities, "teacher training bases" have sprung up in the recipient universities Hunan First Normal University, huaihua university and Ningxia Normal University.

　　In the delegation of Southwest University, Southwest University took the lead in organizing and participating in the "one-on-one" in-depth discussion and exchange between helping universities and recipient universities, and doing a good job in helping weak normal universities from strengthening the construction of teachers, focusing on the construction of disciplines and specialties, and improving the management and development level of schools. In the future, the group universities will also make great efforts to jointly develop online course resources, joint teaching and research, promote subject teaching and teachers’ common development, actively carry out large-scale academic forums and expert reports, and promote the high-quality development of teacher education in seven universities.

　　Although affected by the epidemic, the development of group work has encountered certain obstacles. However, after overcoming many difficulties, many colleges and universities have gained growth and forged friendship in the process of practical assistance.

　　"Due to cooperation, we have forged a deep affection with Ningxia Normal University, laying a solid foundation for cooperation in implementing the collaborative quality improvement plan." The relevant person in charge of Fujian Normal University said. Wang Mingbo, a cadre of Hexi College who was sent to Southwest University, said, "The package of assistance projects of Southwest University College of Literature in terms of teacher training, academic leadership and quality improvement, discipline construction guidance, professional certification, etc. can really be described as a timely help."

　　It can be predicted that the collaborative quality improvement plan of normal education, which began in 2022, will improve the supply quality of basic education teachers from the source. Of course, collaborative quality improvement is not only "helping the weak", but also promoting the collaborative "win-win" development mechanism of normal education in China.

　　"High-level normal universities are not pure exporters and contributors. Young teachers in these universities form a partnership with young teachers in upgrading normal universities through teaching, research, curriculum co-construction, cooperative research or training … … Collaborative quality improvement is a holistic development action of China’s normal education system. " Zhao Jian, secretary of the Party branch of the Teacher Development College of East China Normal University and head of the expert working group of the collaborative quality improvement plan for normal education, said.

　　Part of the layout of China Teachers’ Newspaper’s report on the collaborative quality improvement plan of normal education

　　"Excellent Teacher Plan" and "Expansion" to cultivate "tomorrow’s teachers" rooted in the countryside

　　"I hope you will continue to uphold ‘ Learn to be a teacher and behave in the world ’ Our school motto, cherish time, study hard, sharpen our character, increase our ability to preach, teach and solve doubts, go where the motherland and the people need it most after graduation, and strive to be satisfied with the party and the people ‘ Siyou ’ A good teacher contributes to the cultivation of socialist builders and successors with all-round development of morality, intelligence, physique and beauty. " On September 7, 2022, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader sent a reply to the normal students of the "Excellent Teacher Program" of Beijing Normal University, which aroused strong repercussions in the education sector.

　　The "excellent teacher plan" refers to the "directional training plan for outstanding teachers in underdeveloped areas in the central and western regions". Starting from 2021, normal universities directly under the Ministry of Education and local normal colleges will take a directional approach to train about 10,000 undergraduate normal students for primary and secondary schools in 832 poverty-stricken counties and land border counties in the central and western regions every year. On the eve of Teachers’ Day in 2022, the representatives of normal students in the "Excellent Teacher Program" of Beijing Normal University wrote to the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader, reporting the learning gains since entering the school and expressing their determination to take root in teaching and educating people at the grassroots level after graduation.

　　"I will return to my hometown after graduation — — Qiandongnan, Guizhou, takes root in basic education, strives to be the pioneer of education reform, the forerunner of education and poverty alleviation, and the guide of student growth, and shows his regretless youth where the motherland and the people need it most! " After receiving the reply from the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader, Xiong Guojin, a normal student of the "Excellent Teacher Program" of Beijing Normal University, said.

　　The orientation of the "excellent teacher plan" is very clear, and the continuous implementation of this plan will help optimize the structure of teachers in underdeveloped areas and improve the ability of local teachers to teach and educate people.

　　"This is an important measure to promote the effective connection between consolidating and expanding the achievements of poverty alleviation in education and rural revitalization, and to help improve the fairness and quality of education." Ren Youqun, director of the Teacher Affairs Department of the Ministry of Education, said.

　　In order to implement the spirit of the important reply from the Supreme Leader General Secretary to the normal students in the "Excellent Teacher Program" of Beijing Normal University, in September 2022, the General Office of the Ministry of Education issued the Notice on Further Improving the Training of Normal Students in the "Excellent Teacher Program". This document puts forward requirements in such aspects as deeply planting roots in grassroots education to serve the country, forging excellent skills in preaching and teaching, optimizing process management to stimulate learning momentum, and deepening collaborative mechanism to support lifelong development. It requires normal universities to do a good job in the training of normal students in the "excellent teacher plan" on the basis of the common requirements for normal students, and cultivate a group of "four haves" good teachers where the country and people need them most.

　　In fact, the relevant institutions undertaking the task of "Mentor Program" have already taken action.On the second day after receiving an important reply from the Supreme Leader General Secretary, the Party Committee of Beijing Normal University decided to expand the enrollment scale of the "Excellent Teacher Program" to 800 students in 2023, and expand the enrollment quota and enrollment scope year by year.Strive to cover all poverty-stricken counties and provinces in the central and western land border counties during the 14 th Five-Year Plan period, and at the same time support the "excellent teacher plan" in all directions through the "strong teacher project".

　　Hao Fanghua, president of Huazhong Normal University, introduced that the school promoted the "excellent teacher plan" with "four optimizations", including "optimizing enrollment, carefully organizing students" and "optimizing the training system and implementing ‘ Five educations ’ At the same time, optimize the skills of teachers, highlight the characteristics of digital training, optimize the coordination mechanism and build a platform for strengthening teachers. Taking the enrollment work as an example, for two years in a row, the school has added 150 separate programs to 22 central and western provinces such as Tibet, Xinjiang, Yunnan, Guizhou and Qinghai. The school leaders led teams to the students’ places of origin to issue admission notices to the freshmen representatives of the "excellent teacher program" and give the "first lesson" to the normal students of the "excellent teacher program".

　　In two years’ time, normal graduates of the "Excellent Teacher Program" will take up their jobs, take root in the countryside and start a journey of educating people. After four years of tailor-made curriculum infiltration, they will be full of enthusiasm and skilled skills, whipping up their hooves in the vast rural primary and secondary schools, bringing new vitality to the revitalization of rural education.

　　Part of the layout of the report on "Excellent Teacher Program" in China Teachers’ Newspaper

　　Teachers should cultivate "complement each other" and make science teachers "strong"

　　"Cultivating innovative spirit should start from primary school. Primary school students don’t need many discoveries or inventions, but teachers should start from primary school and guide them to be good at discovering problems and designing solutions to problems. " On July 25th, 2022, the "National Summer School for Science Education" teacher training (Guangzhou venue) jointly organized by South China Normal University and Guangzhou Branch of Chinese Academy of Sciences started in South China Normal University. Academician Zhong Nanshan, winner of the Medal of the Republic and director of Guangzhou National Laboratory, gave a lecture, which attracted wide attention from all walks of life.

　　This training activity, jointly organized by the Teacher Affairs Department of the Ministry of Education and the Science Communication Bureau of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, was first held in the main venue of Beijing in July 2022, and the number of people watching the live broadcast on the first day exceeded 1 million. Subsequently, 11 sub-venues, including Wuhan, Guangzhou, Changchun, Urumqi and Nanjing, began to "speak" in succession. After the summer training course resources of science education were uploaded to the national wisdom education platform, the cumulative number of hits exceeded 64 million.

　　Looking back on 2022, the training of science teachers has received unprecedented attention.

　　In May 2022, the General Office of the Ministry of Education issued the Notice on Strengthening the Training of Science Teachers in Primary Schools. This document directly attacked the weak link in the training chain of pre-service science teachers, and made macro arrangements in four aspects: strengthening the enrollment scale of science education majors, increasing the training of science teachers in related majors, optimizing the training scheme of science teachers in primary schools, and innovating the collaborative mechanism of training science teachers in primary schools. This is undoubtedly a powerful "complement" for the current construction of science teachers in primary schools in China.

　　"This is the first document specifically aimed at the training of teachers in a specific profession since the publication of" Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Comprehensively Deepening the Reform of the Construction of Teachers in the New Era ".Director Ren Youqun pointed out in an article in this newspaper that this move is intended to increase the supply of science teachers in primary schools majoring in science education or science and engineering from the source, and lay a talent foundation for cultivating more young people with scientific dreams and innovative ambitions from childhood.

　　In the opinion of experts who have been engaged in science education for a long time, due to various reasons, there was a great dislocation between the training and demand of science teachers in the past. On the one hand, the employment of graduates majoring in science education trained in colleges and universities was not satisfactory, on the other hand, a large number of science teachers were urgently needed in primary and secondary schools, especially primary schools, and could not be introduced. Lin Changchun, the chairman of the Science Teacher Education Committee of China Young Science and Technology Educators Association and a professor at Chongqing Normal University, pointed out that how to improve the quality of science teachers’ training in the new era is an important issue that needs to be studied and solved urgently in the reform of talent training mode for science education majors in colleges and universities.

　　For the first time, the Party’s Report to the 20th CPC National Congress integrated education, science and technology and talents. Strengthening the construction of science teachers and improving the quality of science teachers’ training are the proper actions to implement the spirit of the 20th Party Congress and the relevant documents of the Ministry of Education.

　　The Notice on Strengthening the Training of Science Teachers in Primary Schools can be described as "the key to solving the problem". Ren Youqun emphasized that education is a long-term undertaking, and promoting the construction of science teachers in primary schools is a "small incision" that waits for no time. Teachers’ colleges should take the initiative and shoulder the mission of the times to train science teachers, and put strengthening the training of science teachers into the focus of school work.

　　Fortunately, a number of normal universities have found a new way to train talents in science education. For example, Guangxi Normal University, based on its understanding of the importance of science education and teacher training, took the lead in setting up a research institute of science education and offering undergraduate majors in science education more than 20 years ago, and embarked on the pioneering road of discipline, specialty and curriculum construction of science education, even in the most difficult time.

　　According to Luo Xingkai, a professor at the Institute of Science Education of Guangxi Normal University, "it is an innovative practice — — It is not only necessary, but also proved feasible to cultivate high-quality professional and innovative primary and secondary school teachers from the source of normal education by relying on innovation-led and driven practice in concept, content and method.

　　Facing the future, more and more colleges and universities will attach importance to science education like Guangxi Normal University.

　　Science education is related to the implementation of the strategy of strengthening the country through science and technology and the long-term development plan of the country, and science teachers are the source of innovative talents training. We expect more and more outstanding science teachers to emerge continuously, injecting powerful forces into building a strong country through science and technology.

　　Part of the layout of the report on the training of science teachers in China Teachers’ Newspaper

　　Online training and upgrading, innovative teacher education model

　　Putting teacher training on the wings of informationization is an important action to empower teacher education.

　　At the beginning of 2022, the Ministry of Education launched the "Strategic Action of Education Digitalization" to accelerate the digital transformation and intelligent upgrading of education. In March, the National Smart Education Platform was officially launched. In July, the special learning activity of "Summer Teacher Training" on the national wisdom education platform was implemented.

　　It is understood that the topic of "Summer Teacher Training" is the largest special teacher training organized at the national level in recent years for teachers of all levels and types. According to the curriculum of "General Education+Discipline", it provides high-quality digital learning resources, supports teachers to make full use of summer autonomous learning and continuously improve their education and teaching ability. The project provides 2258 resources, and teachers can choose according to their own needs in each course. In terms of study time, teachers can choose their study time flexibly in summer.

　　Since it was officially launched on July 20, 2022, teachers have actively participated. As of August 31, more than 13 million teachers have registered to study in the special topic, and the cumulative number of visits to the special page is nearly 1.3 billion.

　　"Relying on the national wisdom education platform to carry out summer teacher training is an important way to improve teachers’ ability and quality in the digital age, an important practice to innovate teacher education mode and explore the construction of a modern teacher education system, and an active exploration to promote the balanced allocation of quality education resources by digital means." At the special graduation ceremony of "Summer Teacher Training", the relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Education pointed out.

　　Layout of China Teachers’ Newspaper’s Report on Summer Teachers’ Training

　　Relying on big data, the platform can record what teachers have learned and are learning through personal space, and record the hours. At the same time, the platform has been connected with the national teacher management information system. After teachers log in and verify their identity information, the platform can push personalized learning resources for teachers.

　　Nowadays, the topic of "Winter Teacher Training" of the National Smart Education Platform in 2023 has kicked off, and video resources such as studying, propagating and implementing the spirit of the 20th Party Congress, the national model of teaching and educating people in 2022, and the advanced deeds of special post teachers will be launched soon. A large-scale teacher training based on the digital platform will also be launched.

　　When online training becomes the norm, digital literacy will become an indispensable part of teachers’ new literacy. We believe that more teachers will become practitioners of digital learning, and constantly enhance their awareness of using digital technology to optimize, innovate and change education and teaching activities, so as to "teach better".

　　BEIJING, May 14 (Xinhua) Wang Yeqiang, an associate researcher at the China Academy of Social Sciences, said today that overall, 2018 will be the low point of this round of real estate market, and the overall real estate market will show a downward trend. Affected by the decline in sales, it is expected that the real estate market price will maintain a steady decline in 2018. First-tier hotspots and second-tier cities may take the lead in bottoming out, while third-and fourth-tier cities still maintain a certain degree of heat. It is expected that there may be a big correction in the third-and fourth-tier cities in the second half of 2018.

　　Data Map: Real estate development projects.

　　China Academy of Social Sciences held the 2018 China Real Estate Summit Forum and the "Blue Book of Real Estate" conference on the morning of May 14th. Associate researcher Wang Yeqiang, executive editor of the book, introduced the relevant situation.

　　Wang Yeqiang looks forward to the rental and sale of real estate market in 2018. He said that from different markets, the change of land price in 2018 will be based on a moderate increase, and the price mechanism of the real estate market will be accelerated, while the task of first-line risk prevention and control is still arduous, and changes in third-and fourth-tier cities must be paid attention to. At the same time, the third and fourth lines are mainly characterized by structural contradictions, which should be based on stability. At the same time, we should pay close attention to the market dynamics and strictly prevent and control the price signals that may appear in a few cities when investment demand disturbs the market.

　　The establishment of supply systems and modes suitable for emerging industries and new formats will help the smooth operation of the industrial land market, and the market demand and land price of industrial land will be affected by the development of emerging industries. Actively exploring the supply systems and modes of emerging industrial land will help the smooth operation of the industrial land market.

　　(II) From the perspective of the personal housing credit market, it is predicted that the regulation policy of the real estate market will remain stable in 2018, and the urban policies with overheated momentum will be tightened. On the whole, the real estate market will enter an adjustment period after a sharp rise in the past few years, and the growth of personal housing loan business will also slow down. At the same time, the loan interest rate will continue to rise under the impetus of rising marketization costs. From the perspective of regulatory policies, it should be the trend of maintaining overall stability.

　　In the short term, in order to achieve the expected effect of stabilizing the market, the relevant short-term restrictive policies will not be relaxed and withdrawn. In the long term, it is necessary to further improve policies such as land supply, simultaneous rental and sales, and real estate regulation and control, and gradually replace short-term regulatory policies such as restricting purchases and loans. From the perspective of the growth rate of personal loans, the growth rate will continue to slow down. Due to the continuous decline in the sales area at the demand level and the tightening of the superimposed loan restriction policy, the overall demand for personal housing loans will shrink. From the perspective of supply, the increment and structure of personal housing loans will be subject to unified supervision, and the demand for corporate credit will obviously pick up, which will further affect the supply of mortgage funds.

　　At the same time, there is still room for further increase in the interest rate of personal housing credit. Some foreign economies are tightening the provision policy, including the business of raising interest rates and shrinking the table in the United States, which also has a certain impact on our national monetary policy. At the same time, the credit demand of the enterprise sector will pick up, and the tight credit scale will be maintained, which may promote the personal housing loan to continue to rise.

　　(3) Investment and financing are mainly affected. One is the major changes in the real estate market. For example, land auctions introduce mechanisms such as self-sustaining, competitive matching and lottery auction. Second, restrictions on purchases, loans, sales and business in the real estate market have become the mainstream regulation methods in large and medium-sized cities. Third, there is a large supply of shared property rights and rental housing. Judging from the trend of real estate investment, the investment keeps moderate downward trend, and the investment structure may be further adjusted. It is expected that the real estate investment will enter the downward channel in 2018, and the decline may be accelerated in the future from the moderate downward trend, and the investment structure is facing major adjustment. In the financing business, it is the primary task to be stable and tight, and to prevent risks.

　　(4) From the perspective of the residential market, one is that the residential sales area has further decreased. As the amount of shantytown renovation in 2018 will be less than that in 2017, it means that the resettlement of shed reform has a great impact on housing sales, especially in third-and fourth-tier cities, and this positive pulling effect will gradually decline. Second, the growth rate of housing development investment has declined, and it is expected that the growth rate of development investment will also decline in 2018. Considering the continuous increase of newly started area and the rapid increase of land price in the past two years, it is estimated that the growth rate of development investment will remain at around 5% throughout the year. The housing price is stable and declining. From the perspective of the real estate boom cycle, a series of indicators in the real estate market show that the market has entered a stage of downturn, and the market has an internal driving force for downward adjustment. It is expected that the housing market will also show the characteristics of periodic downward adjustment in 2018, and the housing price is likely to be stable and declining.

　　(V) Overall judgment, our overall judgment on China real estate in 2018 shows that 2018 will be the low point of this round of real estate market, and the overall real estate market will show a downward trend. In the supply-side first-line and hot-spot second-tier cities, in order to alleviate the inventory crisis, the land supply is expected to increase further, but it is difficult to relax the price limit policy, the supply in hot cities will continue to be tight, the policy base for real estate regulation and control on the demand side will not change, and the tightening of bank credit will also significantly increase the cost of buying houses, so the transaction scale will also be limited to some extent, and the sales area of commercial housing will be adjusted back due to the dual effects of regulatory policies and monetary environment. Shrinking sales and blocked financing channels will put financial pressure on housing enterprises and affect their willingness to start work to a certain extent, and the growth rate of new construction will continue to run at a low level.

　　Wang Yeqiang said that because the property market regulation policy is not relaxed in 2018, unfavorable factors at all levels of demand policy still exist, and corporate financing is blocked, and residents’ deleveraging development loans are tightened, which will have a negative impact on the growth rate of development investment in 2018. It is expected that the development investment in 2018 will remain at a low level, and there may be a slight rebound in the first half of the year. In the second half of the year, we think it should continue to maintain a legitimate downward trend, and it is difficult to have a strong performance throughout the year. Due to the decline in sales, it is expected that the development investment in 2018 will continue to

　　From the perspective of different cities, because the real estate control policy is not relaxed, first-tier hotspots and second-tier cities may take the lead in bottoming out. The adjustment of third-and fourth-tier cities obviously lags behind that of first-tier cities. Due to the relatively loose current policies, the spillover of demand and the support of shed reform policies and monetization policies, third-and fourth-tier cities still maintain a certain degree of enthusiasm.

　　With the gradual withdrawal of the destocking stimulus policy and the tightening regulation, it is expected that there may be a big correction in the third-and fourth-tier cities in the second half of 2018.

　　Wang Yeqiang said that we should have the following four trends in the real estate market in 2018. First, the relationship between supply and demand may be fundamentally reversed in 2018. In addition to the direct demand for housing, at the same time, due to the central control policy of staying and not speculating, it will have a greater impact on market expectations. At the same time, the toughness of development investment will increase significantly, because the start of sales by real estate enterprises means a loss, so real estate enterprises may deliberately lengthen the development cycle. At the same time, the capital level will affect the willingness of developers to take land, and the residential price index will maintain a decline throughout the year.