Shanghai: When the "reshuffle" of supermarkets and convenience stores is going on.

  Shops and convenience stores in Shanghai are being reshuffled.

  Carrefour has been operating in China for more than 20 years, and the new owner has been replaced by Suning; Metro, which entered almost at the same time as Carrefour, is also looking for the receiver of China business … … Even ordinary consumers can clearly feel this change when walking on the street — — Traditional hypermarkets such as e-mart and Tesco are gradually withdrawing from the downtown area and being replaced by various new supermarkets and convenience stores. Among them, there are foreign brands such as ALDI, the century-old supermarket chain in Germany, Costco, the second largest retail supermarket in the world, and new brands hatched by domestic capital such as Pick’n Go, Suning Store, Ole’s boutique supermarket and G-Super. Shanghai’s supermarket industry has become more and more lively.

  Every round of survival of the fittest, Shanghai’s supermarket industry is evolving itself. Every brand is constantly trying and growing in this new era of consumption, letting go of the game between technological upgrading and business model change. And all business comes from the most basic variable, the consumer.

  ■ Wen Wei Po reporter Xu Jinghui

  Giant game

  Those who can’t run fast will eventually be eliminated

  In the early 1990s, the supermarket format entered Shanghai for the first time, and it has reached the stage of standing in the thirties. However, this mature system is not calm, and "undercurrent surging" is the most appropriate adjective to describe the current state of this industry.

  At the end of last month, Suning.cn announced that its wholly-owned subsidiary Suning International planned to invest 4.8 billion yuan to acquire 80% shares of Carrefour China, thus swallowing this "behemoth" with an operating income of nearly 30 billion yuan in China. Not only Carrefour, but also the "Big Mac" supermarkets in the past seem to have a "middle-aged crisis". Lotte, e-mart, Tesco and other brands have withdrawn one after another, while Metro has been seeking to sell its China business … …

  The "vacancy" in the market has been replaced by new brands with stronger capital. Box Ma Xiansheng, hatched from Alibaba, became the main store for major shopping centers in just three years, and successfully embarked on the "C position"; Tencent invested heavily in Yonghui’s new format "super species", which expanded rapidly nationwide; Greenland Group’s G-Super Greenland, which lays out the retail industry, is preferably fully expanded in first-and second-tier cities, with 31 stores opened in Shanghai alone … … These supermarkets rooted in shopping centers have gradually replaced the original "single-family" hypermarkets.

  The same situation also appeared in the convenience store industry. Many years ago, small convenience stores such as Keke, Haode, Liangyou and Diatiantian, which were all over the streets of Shanghai, were shrinking, while Japanese brands such as Family and Rosen developed steadily, while a number of new brands such as Suning Store and Convenience Bee rose, with the blessing of giants such as Suning, Tencent and Gaoyou Capital.

  Looking at the reshuffle of the supermarket industry, behind the giant game is actually the transformation of business philosophy: when the development and reform of a format can’t beat the market and consumers, it will inevitably go downhill. In the past, the supermarket format faced a market that had not been developed by e-commerce, and consumers had to rely on the offline shopping environment. Therefore, the intensive and one-stop shopping environment was favored. With the impact and integration of e-commerce, the past business model has been difficult to meet the needs of current consumers.

  The re-opening of the supermarket industry, the traditional hypermarkets represented by Yonghui and RT Mart, and the new brands represented by Boxma Xiansheng, have similar paths — — Seamless online and offline links to speed up home service. In March last year, RT Mart’s "online ordering and offline delivery" service was fully rolled out. Bin Yuan, a new retailer in RT Mart, revealed in an interview that although this transformation is difficult, the effect is quite obvious after the integration of online and offline, which not only greatly improves the efficiency, but also makes the consumer structure younger, which is the most desirable change of traditional hypermarkets.

  Consumer competition

  Adjust the strategy according to consumer preferences

  In this round of reshuffle, the change of business model comes from the most basic variable of consumers. A report from Deloitte shows that the rapid economic development in China has stimulated the consumption demand of the younger generation. Different from the previous generation of consumers, young consumers pay more attention to convenient, personalized and high-quality shopping experience.

  Judging from the shopping habits of the main consumers, such as post-80s, post-90s and even post-00s, they are fundamentally different from the previous generation: post-80s and post-60s like to browse the promotional advertisements stuffed into mailboxes in supermarkets, then get on the free shuttle bus early in the morning and buy all the discounted daily necessities at once in the stores. However, the post-80s and post-90s are not like this. As far as their eyes are concerned, the "June 18th Promotion" and the "double 11" online carnival are the two major shopping labels at the middle and end of the year, respectively. Those daily necessities such as paper towels, toiletries and baby diapers are purchased at a low price at one time. Even if they "improvise" and move their fingers, these standard products can basically be purchased from all over the country in one day.

  The change of consumers’ shopping habits has a great impact on hypermarkets. Some surveys show that in first-tier cities, the frequency of young consumers going to large supermarkets can be calculated by "month", which makes the "Big Mac" have to make strategic adjustments around the changes in consumer demand.

  At present, a relatively successful adjustment model is the development of large-scale enterprises with ultra-miniaturization. For example, Easy Carrefour is a successful case. Its most obvious benefit lies in cost saving. On the one hand, those goods with high online shopping rate gradually withdraw from the shelves, greatly reducing the area of the supermarket; On the other hand, these supermarkets, with an area of about 1,000 square meters, mainly focus on fresh food, imported food, beverages and other products with high repurchase rate and instant consumption, which can filter the positive impact brought by e-commerce to the maximum extent.

  The development of large-scale supermarkets towards miniaturization is also helpful to its site selection. Previously, "Big Mac" stores loved "single-family" stores, with all kinds of parking lots and shuttle buses. Now, entering shopping centers is not only easier to operate than big stores, but also easier to reach young consumers, and it is also convenient for large-scale expansion.

  From a deep perspective, the miniaturization of big stores is also a reasonable combination of the whole supply chain to optimize in depth. Nowadays, these scattered supermarkets are already composed of two parts — — Front store and back warehouse. The function of "front store" further flies away in the direction of "emergency+experience", such as fresh products, beverage products and so on; The "back warehouse" has turned into a "front warehouse" for online shopping users, stocking according to big data and responding to online shopping needs.

  Cost bottom line

  Looking for breakthrough direction in "actuarial science"

  The reshuffle of Shanghai Shangchao format is also closely related to cost. At the end of 1990s, when the first batch of hypermarkets entered Shanghai, they signed multi-year leases in one breath. Now, most of them quit because the leases expired and they could not afford high rents.

  But the latecomers also have to face the cost game — — The premise of any business model is profitability. In the era of supermarkets with high rents and high labor costs, new solutions are needed.

  Starting from the "variable" of consumers, fresh products with high gross profit have become the main direction of major brands. In this matter, as big as box horse fresh, super species, Ole’ Boutique supermarkets, as small as Suning stores and Haode convenience stores, are all making efforts. As a matter of fact, the fresh-keeping strategy has achieved very good results in the early stage. This kind of goods with high repurchase rate and high gross profit margin can directly drive profit growth. Fresh products have made extremely important contributions to the reason why Box Horse Fresh Life’s first store in China can realize single-store profit so quickly.

  However, we have to pay attention to the fact that when all brands are heading for running all the way, the rapidly saturated market makes this once-tried-and-tested model "kick the iron plate". Box Ma Xiansheng has closed its store for the first time this year, and Wanda Store in Wujiaochang, the first store of Yonghui Yunchuang’s super species in Shanghai, has recently closed its doors. According to Suning.cn’s financial report, the loss of Suning Store only reached 296 million yuan in the first seven months of 2018. With the rapid expansion of the store, this loss will expand sharply. How to stop loss will be a difficult problem that these brands must face.

  To cope with the high cost, another way to solve the problem is to replace manpower with technology. For example, the newly-emerging brand Convenience Bee is equipped with unmanned payment equipment in all stores in Shanghai. In convenience stores that are open 24 hours a day, the work of the night clerk is mainly to receive goods, replenish goods, tally, etc., and the cashier work is replaced by intelligent technology equipment.

  Before this, unmanned supermarkets were indeed booming. In 2017, Taobao’s "Amoy Coffee" became popular at the Creation Festival. Since then, all parts of the country have tried water without retail. However, from the current development, the cost of artificial intelligence is much higher than that of labor, which hinders the promotion of unmanned supermarkets. A retired employee of Binguo Box, an unmanned convenience store, told reporters that the company started to lay off employees at the end of last year, and it has plummeted from more than 500 people at its peak to more than 100 people now. However, Wei Xueqi, an associate professor in the Department of Information Management and Information Systems, School of Management, Fudan University, believes that the launch of the 5G commercial tide will be of great help to unmanned supermarkets in the next year or two. Once the technical cost can be greatly reduced, it will be able to support this new format. Accelerate development.

  In addition, it is also a strategy to open a shop in the suburbs where the land price is cheaper. Whether it is a Sam member store in Qingpu or Pudong, or a market opening guest who is about to open, it is such a prudent business. Andrew Miles, president of Sam member store’s China business, calculated an account for the reporter: the cost of opening a store in the suburbs is only half of that of an urban supermarket, while the sales volume brought by strict control of product quality can reach 5 to 10 times that of an ordinary supermarket, which gives the possibility of a virtuous circle of supermarket formats.

  Personalized development

  Thousands of stores and thousands of faces, to "change" to meet the trend.

  The transformation of Shanghai supermarket industry is far from over, because from this summer, a large wave of new stores will be unveiled in Shanghai — —

  At the end of June, Oleqi, a famous cheap supermarket brand in Europe, opened two offline stores in one breath and officially entered the retail battlefield in China.

  On July 2nd, Box Horse opened a new convenience store in Shanghai — — Pick’n go, the "smallest" box horse store in history, covers an area of less than 20 square meters. It is mainly engaged in fresh food and is also the latest attempt of box horse.

  On July 4th, Yonghui Supermarket "Market Life" opened in Sanlin Impression City, Pudong, with the combination of traditional market culture and fashionable and modern farmer’s market decoration as its selling point.

  In late July, Yonghui Supermarket’s first mini community store will soon land in Nanxiang, Jiading, which is also a new exploration of Yonghui Supermarket after "super species" … …

  New brands emerge one after another, and "change" is the only constant theme. Hou Yi, CEO of Box Horse Fresh Life, once said that in addition to Box Horse Fresh Life, they are actively exploring new formats such as Box Horse Vegetable Market and Box Horse mini, and studying the best format model in different cities, different regions, different population densities and different scenarios, so as to make strategic reserves for the development in the next decade.

  Not long ago, Convenience Bee got the first hot meal business license of convenience store in Shanghai. Nowadays, in every store, you can see a hot meal sales area enclosed by a glass curtain wall, which is equipped with steaming oven, cleaning and disinfection washing pool, warm water heat preservation cabinet and other equipment and facilities for supplying hot food. After the hot meal is heated, it can be stored in the warm water heat preservation cabinet, which can maintain a constant temperature, which means that no matter the first guest or the last guest, they can get the meal with the same temperature.

  At the same time, theme stores and exclusive imported goods are also important "playing methods" for major brands. At the end of May, Rosen’s first Hello Kitty theme convenience store in the world opened in Nanjing East Road subway station. Before that, this convenience store had launched theme stores such as "Shanghai Football", "Teddy Bear" and "Detective Conan" to attract consumers to stop. The G-Super Green Space Optimization is based on the spillover effect of the import Expo, trying to improve its core competitiveness while introducing more new overseas products and bringing global good goods into the domestic market more efficiently.

  In the ever-changing, Shangchao industry is working hard in the direction of segmentation and personalization. These differentiated explorations may become the keys for brands to settle down in the future. Liu Min, deputy director of the Shanghai Municipal Commission of Commerce, said that the retail industry in Shanghai experienced the last round of information technology development, and now it has returned to quality and service again, forming a positive spiral upward trend, which will bring brand-new vitality and energy to the supermarket industry in Shanghai.

How to balance the price and quality when the average price reduction of coronary stent collection exceeds 90%

  ● Behind a small coronary stent is the rapid development of innovation and medical security in China’s medical field. Only by developing and innovating can we get "bargaining power" and better protect people’s health.

  ● In this centralized procurement by the national medical insurance department, the main reason why coronary stents were selected for "operation first" is that coronary stents are widely used in clinical practice and belong to a kind of high-value consumables with relatively high moisture content.

  ● There is indeed a problem with domestic drugs and consumables, that is, if the government’s centralized purchase price is not set, the price will be artificially high; If the centralized purchasing price is too low, there may be quality problems and innovation stagnation. Therefore, we should think about how to find a balance between the two.

  □ Our reporter Zhao Li

  □ Intern Sun Yifei of this newspaper

  Recently, a "combing the quotations of the state-organized centralized purchasing companies for coronary stents" has set a new low for the price of coronary stents: the average bid price is around 700 yuan.

  The average price dropped from 13,000 yuan to 700 yuan — — The first batch of coronary stents purchased by the state in a centralized way opened a shocking "floor price" in Tianjin. Compared with 2019, the average price reduction of the same product of the same company reached 93%.

  Xinhua News Agency commented that a small coronary stent is behind the rapid development of innovation and medical security in China’s medical field. As a cardiologist said, since the introduction of domestic stents, the price of imported stents has plunged from the sky-high price of 40,000 yuan to about 10,000 yuan. After 20 years’ development, domestic stents have become the first and only high-end medical devices with domestic enterprises playing a leading role in the domestic market. This is the premise of the shocking low price in this centralized purchase, and it also shows that only by developing and innovating can we get "bargaining power" and better protect people’s health.

  Significantly reduced price of coronary stent

  Reduce the gray space of sales

  On November 5th, the national centralized procurement of coronary stents was opened in Tianjin. There was no group bidding for 26 stent products from 11 companies, and the price was fierce on the spot. None of the 10 selected products surpassed 800 yuan.

  Jiwei Medical’s EXCROSSAL product has the lowest bid price, which is 469 yuan/piece. The price of the other winning products from low to high is Aili of Yisheng Technology, with a price of 549 yuan; Firebird 2 of minimally invasive medical treatment, quoted in 590 yuan; GuReater of Lepu Medical, quoted at 645 yuan; Resolute integrity of Medtronic, quoted at 648 yuan; Firekingfisher of Minimally Invasive Medical, quoted in 750 yuan; Helios from Kelly, Jin Rui, quoted 755 yuan; PROMUS PREMIER and PROMUS Element Plus of Boston Medical are both quoted at 776 yuan; NOYA from Wanrui Feihong, the price is 798 yuan.

  The price drop of this centralized purchase has exceeded the expectations of the National Medical Insurance Bureau. According to the data provided by the National Medical Insurance Bureau, the price of stents has dropped from an average price of 13,000 yuan to 700 yuan. Compared with 2019, the average price of the same product of the same enterprise is reduced by 93%, the average price of domestic products is reduced by 92%, and the average price of imported products is reduced by 95%. According to the intended purchase volume, it is expected to save 10.9 billion yuan.

  It is worth noting that the mainstream products commonly used in clinical practice in medical institutions are basically selected, covering more than 70% of the intended purchases of medical institutions.

  Liu Zhaoping, a professor of cardiology at the First Hospital of Peking University, said that the winning products basically covered stents that were widely used in clinic, which could completely meet the clinical use and the needs of patients.

  At the collection site, a medical representative said that it is more than this price to make eyelashes now.

  Sun Feng, a special researcher at Peking University International Research Center for Pharmaceutical Management, analyzed that the current centralized purchasing quotation is only a simple bracket price, and there is no doctor’s service fee and hospital site fee, which are two different price manifestations.

  Sun Feng hopes that through this price reduction, on the one hand, the burden of patients can be reduced, on the other hand, the medical service cost of doctors can be increased, the labor value of doctors can be reflected, doctors can have legitimate income, and the gray space of coronary stent sales can be reduced, which is conducive to improving the service quality of doctors and the healthy development of the medical equipment sales industry.

  Zhong Dongbo, director of the Department of Pharmaceutical Price and Bidding Procurement of the National Medical Insurance Bureau, believes that this centralized procurement will not only help medical machinery enterprises reduce their circulation costs, but also purify the industry ecology.

  From the perspective of supervision, the requirements for product quality will not be relaxed. "The intensity of supervision will only be strengthened than in the past, and will not be weakened." Zhang Tiejun, member of the party group and deputy director of Tianjin Medical Insurance Bureau, said that the products will continue to maintain the original quality standards and levels as in the past.

  It is widely used in clinic.

  The circulation link has the most moisture.

  Why can the price of coronary stents drop like a cliff? According to the analysis of the insiders interviewed by the reporter of the Rule of Law Daily, because the original price was too "moisture". Some people describe the price "moisture" in high-value medical consumables as a towel in a basin. "You can pour water when you pick it up, and you don’t have to squeeze it at all."

  The reporter of Rule of Law Daily interviewed the public randomly and found that people’s awareness of the term medical devices is not very high, but they think that medical devices are as indispensable as medicines.

  It is precisely because of low awareness that people often have no idea about expensive equipment. In the era when medical reform has not yet set sail and the medical system is not perfect, the asking price of equipment is even higher than that of drugs.

  In recent years, some corruption cases in the medical field have been exposed one after another, revealing a "black interest chain" in circulation — — It may be a link in the chain from manufacturers, intermediate distributors to related doctors. For example, a certain department of a hospital illegally accepts kickbacks from suppliers many times outside the account according to the proportion of domestic consumables 30%, imported consumables 25%, joint and spine consumables 20% and trauma consumables 30%. These "moisture" are ultimately paid by patients and medical insurance funds.

  Taking coronary stent as an example, the most effective treatment for coronary heart disease is PCI (percutaneous coronary intervention) surgery. Small and delicate coronary stents are the most critical consumables in this operation. The basic principle of PCI operation is to implant the stent into the coronary artery, spread the artery wall and restore the blood flow.

  "China Cardiovascular Health and Disease Report 2019" shows that the number of patients with cardiovascular diseases in China has reached 330 million at present; From 2009 to 2019, the number of coronary heart disease (PCI) operations in China increased from 230,000 to over 1 million, with an annual growth rate of 10% to 20%.

  Huo Yong, vice chairman of China Cardiovascular Health Alliance, has published a set of data: In 2018, the total number of cases of coronary heart disease in Chinese mainland has reached 915,256, an increase of nearly 160,000 cases compared with 2017, with a compound growth rate of 15.03% in the past five years. With the rapid growth of the number of cases of coronary intervention, people also put forward higher requirements for coronary stents. The price of domestic stents is about 8000 yuan to 12000 yuan; The price of imported stents is about 18,000 yuan to 20,000 yuan.

  Although stent surgery can be partially reimbursed in recent years, the cost is still high for rural families.

  A number of cardiovascular experts told the reporter of the Rule of Law Daily that the production process of domestic stents is completely comparable to that of imported stents, so most doctors will advise patients to use domestic stents, unless patients need special stent models or patients require them. Only then will doctors use imported stents.

  "This time, the centralized procurement of the national medical insurance department chose coronary stents first ‘ Operation ’ The main reason is that coronary stents are widely used in clinic and belong to ‘ Moisture ’ A relatively large class of high-value consumables. " Wang Yue, a professor at Peking University College of Medical Humanities, said in an interview with the reporter of Rule of Law Daily.

  It is understood that the cost of coronary stents is not high. In medical institutions, the price of more than 10,000 yuan is mostly concentrated in circulation.

  Zhong Dongbo once told the media: "Although the average price of coronary stents is 13,000 yuan, the price actually packaged for agents is more than 2,000 yuan, and the middle part is completely the circulation cost. Now we have a large number of direct mining production enterprises with clear use expectations, so medical machinery companies don’t have to promote them. If this money is saved, there is still a fair and reasonable profit margin for enterprises, and it may be higher than the general industry. "

  Liu Xin, director of the Medical Law and Ethics Research Center of China University of Political Science and Law, also explained: "The phenomenon of inflated medical device prices is relatively common, and the consumption of medical devices is small, and it is market pricing, so it is more a problem in the circulation field. The supply and demand of medical devices is one-way, and there is no market choice problem. Because after medical equipment enters the hospital, the hospital needs to use equipment when performing surgery on patients. It is great to have one or two manufacturers’ equipment in general hospitals. "

  "Manufacturers produce certain medical devices, which are wholesaled by middlemen and finally enter the hospital. Therefore, in the intermediate link, the hospital’s bonus price can be limited, but other intermediate links can hardly be limited. And now there are many intermediate links, and every link is increasing the price. Many manufacturers may take some improper means to carry out marketing, so the price will go up, thus forming a phenomenon of high price. " Liu Xin said.

  Innovating products and narrowing the gap

  Domestic substitution squeezes out water

  It is worth noting that expensive and high-value consumables are not only coronary stents, but why do coronary stents become the "pioneers" of national consumables collection?

  The answer to this question implies a key logic of the medical device industry: domestic substitution.

  According to industry insiders, the market share of domestic stents now exceeds 75%, and four head enterprises, Lepu Medical, Minimally Invasive Medical, Jiwei Medical and Sino Medical, occupy most of the market, and the proportion is quite stable.

  At the same time, however, most medical devices and consumables are faced with the technology monopoly and patent control of foreign enterprises, and neither the regulatory authorities nor the downstream procurement have the right to choose. The proportion of domestic and imported specialized consumables in high-tech fields such as nerve interventional instruments, surgical robots and artificial joints is almost inverted. In addition to consumables, the field of high-end medical equipment is monopolized by foreign companies. 80% of the CT market, 90% of the ultrasonic instrument market and 90% of the magnetic resonance equipment are occupied by foreign brands.

  High-performance MRI systems and high-end CT machines usually cost more than 5 million yuan, while high-performance equipment means clearer images. In the diagnosis of diseases such as tumors, a higher definition means that more detailed human tissue information can be seen. The gap of dozens of pixels can affect the doctor’s diagnosis of the disease.

  "At present, most consumables in China can be made in China. Although there is still a certain gap in quality between domestic products and imported products, it is not entirely necessary to rely on foreign products. Perhaps only some consumables need to rely on foreign products. But in recent years, enterprises should really focus more on product innovation than on product promotion. Enterprises should reduce costs through product innovation and narrow the gap between their products and imported products. " Wang Yue said, but it doesn’t affect the pursuit of the lowest price, because drugs and consumables are too special and related to people’s life safety, and now the quality of drugs and consumables in China is uneven.

  In recent years, the relevant state departments have launched a series of policies to try to squeeze out the "moisture" of high-value medical consumables.

  In Liu Xin’s view, it is still difficult to squeeze out the "moisture" of high-value medical consumables, but it is not too difficult.

  "The problem now is to restrict from hospitals, especially from the scope of medical insurance. This time, the behavior of the National Medical Insurance Bureau can effectively crowd out ‘ Moisture ’ , lower the price and form a virtuous circle. " Liu Xin said, "From a certain point of view, in the past, the health administrative department and the drug supervision department may even be a sharer of interests, so they will not promote the process. Now because it involves medical insurance funds, the medical insurance department has to move this cake. "

  Liu Xin believes that this centralized procurement with quantity is a good sign, and through some administrative intervention, the "moisture" may be squeezed out.

  Standardize the development of medical devices

  Balance price and quality.

  After the exposure of the bid price of coronary stent, some stent manufacturers immediately told the media that coronary stent is no longer a high-value consumable product, and even bluntly said that "the original in-hospital coronary stent market was about 12 billion yuan, but this time, the market size was reduced to less than 1 billion yuan. In the next five years, there may not be any innovative products in this market, and purchasing with quantity will crowd out the industry ‘ Moisture ’ , and now ‘ Floor price ’ There is also no room for innovation. "

  In this regard, Liu Xin expressed disapproval. "The price of medical devices is set at such a high level, and it is not the right holder of medical devices who enjoys the price. From the perspective of rights protection, stents are the same as other patented products, and anyone can produce them after the patent protection period. From this perspective, it has little to do with invention and creation. As long as there is a patent protection mechanism, some people will invent and create. "

  Wang Yue put forward another view: "The reduction of prices brought by centralized purchasing may lead to the failure to guarantee the reasonable profits of enterprises’ innovative research and development. The government collects a large number of purchase orders to exchange prices for quantity, and enterprises often have no way to deal with this horizontal group purchase, either out or promising low prices."

  Wang Yue further analyzed that the current chaos in the industry is mainly commercial bribery, and the purpose of centralized procurement is to reduce unreasonable costs. But objectively speaking, the price reduction brought by centralized purchasing may lead to the failure to guarantee the reasonable profit of enterprise innovation and R&D, so centralized purchasing may not be the best purchasing method, but now there is no better solution, so it is a second best choice.

  "Perhaps with the popularity of Internet drugs and consumables sales, it may gradually change from centralized procurement to decentralized procurement. When the inflated price of drugs or equipment is suppressed in a short period of time, it may be possible to find the best and reasonable balance point of prices through the transition from centralized procurement to decentralized procurement." Wang Yue said.

  Wang Yue believes that there is indeed a problem with domestic drugs and consumables, that is, if the government’s centralized purchase price is not set, the price will be artificially high; If the centralized purchasing price is too low, there may be quality problems and innovation stagnation. Therefore, we should think about how to find a balance between the two.

  Liu Xin believes that there are two aspects worthy of attention for the road to breaking the sky-high medical devices in the future:

  First, hospitals should return to public welfare. The medical institutions sponsored by the government are non-profit medical institutions, but now these medical institutions are making profits under the banner of non-profit, because without government investment, if hospitals are not profitable, there is no way to pay employees, so the government should provide subsidies to the medical industry.

  Second, we can restrict the circulation and production links through some other participation mechanisms, such as purchasing with quantity by drug supervision departments.

  Wang Yue’s suggestion is that in addition to taking care of bribers, it is also necessary to take care of bribers. "The new law on medical practitioners has established a lifelong ban system for doctors. If commercial bribery is punished by administrative punishment and criminal responsibility is investigated, you can no longer register as a doctor in the future. Once the license is revoked, it will be revoked forever and you can no longer engage in this industry. "

  Wang Yue also mentioned that at present, the income and treatment of medical staff are polarized, with the high being very high and the low being very low. The income gap of medical staff should be greatly reduced, especially between general practitioners and specialists.

  "We should also encourage enterprises to sell directly, and even require production enterprises to sell directly. We are not allowed to engage in agency system, turn the current drug and consumables dealers into distributors, and transfer the moral hazard and legal responsibility of all circulation links to production enterprises through direct sales mode. Production enterprises generally dare not commit commercial bribery." Wang Yue said.

  In addition, Wang Yue also suggested establishing a blacklist system for enterprises, blacklisting production and operation enterprises involved in bribery, and prohibiting sales within a few years.

The movie "Big Wechat business" is released today with seven highlights to reveal the road to entrepreneurial success.

1905 movie network news The film was released today, featuring powerful actors Dong Liu Hu, Cheng Yuanyuan, Li Zixiong, Ai Liya, etc., and presenting the current entrepreneurial story to the audience. The seven highlights of the film, from the theme, lineup and quality to the social significance conveyed by the film, comprehensively analyze the arduous road of starting a business in Wechat business.

Aspect 1: Focusing on the theme of Wechat business’s entrepreneurial story for the first time is expected.


The first cinema film "Big Wechat business" focusing on the theme of Wechat business tells the story of Liang Tian, an entrepreneurial youth, who is determined to forge ahead and transform from e-commerce to Wechat business through self-employment. From the perspective of ordinary entrepreneurs, the film interprets Eliza’s unusual entrepreneurial experience and shows the growth trajectory of Wechat business’s individuals in a panoramic view. After several ups and downs, Eliza still adhered to his faith and the principle of doing business in good faith, personally guided Wechat business entrepreneurs to establish a correct outlook on life and values, inspired Wechat business groups to make progress and bravely pursue their dreams, and paid tribute to the strugglers in the new era.

Aspect 2: mass entrepreneurship and innovation "entrepreneurship" has become a hot spot on the screen.

After the reform and opening up, the Internet industry in China has developed rapidly and has far-reaching influence. With the advent of the era of national entrepreneurship, the theme of entrepreneurship has also become the darling of film and television creation. Wechat business chose Wechat business as the breakthrough point, and used focus plane to show the arduous road of starting a business from the real economy to e-commerce and then transforming Wechat business. It can not only reflect the changing reality of e-commerce entrepreneurship, but also respond to the call of the times of "mass entrepreneurship and innovation".

Aspect 3: Old drama bones Li Zixiong and Ai Liya joined in to help "Great Wechat business"

In "Big Wechat business", Li Zixiong plays Eliza’s "Bole" boss. Ai Liya, a veteran actor, plays Eliza’s mother-in-law. In the filming process, the two opera bones not only set high standards for themselves, but also "preached and dispelled doubts" for the young actors in the group and shared valuable experiences. It is expected that a group of powerful actors will compete on the same stage.

Li Zixiong has created many classic characters, such as "Big Brother Cheng" and "Xi Rong". At the age of 27, he won the Best New Actor Award at the Hong Kong Film Awards for "The True Color of Heroes" and became one of the representatives of classic Hong Kong film villains. He has also been nominated for the Best Supporting Actor Award at the Hong Kong Film Awards and the Best Supporting Actor Award at the Taiwan Golden Horse Awards. In The Great Wechat business, Li Zixiong took off the label of "villain" and became a good boss of China, which was a surprise.

Ai Liya, the winner of the Golden Rooster Award and the China Watch Award, has successfully portrayed the roles of Bai Yufen in "The Big House Gate" and Mrs. Lou in "The Punisher of the Great Song Dynasty". I believe that the addition of Lao Xigu will add color to the film.

 

Aspect 4: Powerful actors Dong Liu Hu and Cheng Yuanyuan show empathy.


In the film "Big Wechat business", Dong Liu Hu plays Eliza, an entrepreneurial youth, and Cheng Yuanyuan plays Meng Rou, Eliza’s wife. She is a supporter of Eliza’s cause and a guide.

Dong Liu Hu, a powerful actor, was deeply loved by the audience for his roles in the self-made solo drama "Ugly Woman Invincible" by Hunan Satellite TV and the dynasty in "Young Bao Qingtian II". Eliza, the male actor in this film, is a promising young man. Determined to make progress, he wholeheartedly led the villagers to get rich together and finally realized his dream. Cheng Yuanyuan, an acting actor, was nominated as the best actor in Changchun International Film Festival for her role of Gu Qianqian in the new version of A Dream of Red Mansions. This time, their joint performance of the movie "Big Wechat business" has attracted a lot of discussion and attention.

Aspect 5: A team of thousands of people waded through the mountains just to restore the most authentic Wechat business.


The film "Big Wechat business" was filmed and produced by Hunan Film Channel, and the behind-the-scenes team crossed four provinces of Hunan, Jiangxi, Guangdong and Guangxi, trekking 5,000 kilometers. The 95-minute film works include the hard work of the creative team, including more than 120 professional photographers and 976 group performers, day and night. The attitude of striving for perfection behind filming is the basic attitude of entrepreneurs in this era and the attitude of every micro-businessman. Just like the theme expressed in the film, the industrious spirit of contemporary entrepreneurs, which is the same day and night, will deeply impress the audience.

Aspect 6: Wechat business’s inclusion in the e-commerce law "Greater Wechat business" responds to the call of the times

With the implementation of the "Electronic Commerce Law of the People’s Republic of China" on January 1st this year, more and more people began to pay attention to the industries in Wechat business. The film "Big Wechat business" was released under such an opportunity, which not only showed the audience the micro-businessmen with positive energy values, but also set a benchmark for young entrepreneurs in combination with the background of the implementation of national legislation, tore off the label of "three noes" for Wechat business, and made the rights and interests of consumers more secure. As the film’s release approaches, it is believed that it will surely lead Wechat business forward, encourage entrepreneurs to pursue their dreams bravely, and lead every ordinary person to contribute to the realization of the Chinese dream.

Aspect 7: "Great Wechat business" triggered a heated discussion in society to promote the positive energy of the Chinese dream "We are all dream catchers"


In the tide of the times when the country advocates "mass entrepreneurship and innovation", countless ordinary people realize their own values and spiritual pursuits through Wechat business’s entrepreneurship. As soon as The Great Wechat business was released, it triggered a heated discussion in the society, presenting the audience with the real road to entrepreneurship of contemporary youth through a unique perspective. The positive energy values exported by the film will also lead Wechat business to keep advancing, encourage entrepreneurs to bravely pursue their dreams, and become a bright light to illuminate young entrepreneurs. As Eliza said in the film: "We have the responsibility to make the 50 million micro-businessmen have a more sense of mission and positive energy, and realize our Chinese dream together."

The movie "Big Wechat business" has landed in the national cinema today.


Promoting high-quality development of enterprises in deepening reform (observation of production and marketing)

  Source: State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council

  Since the implementation of the three-year reform of state-owned enterprises, the leading groups of state-owned enterprise reform in various places have promoted the reform in an all-round way and made many breakthroughs. At present, the progress of completing the main tasks of the three-year reform of local state-owned enterprises has exceeded 90%. In 2021, the total assets of local SASAC-supervised enterprises reached 183.7 trillion yuan, with operating income and net profit reaching 35.4 trillion yuan and 1.5 trillion yuan respectively, up by 19% and 27.4% respectively, and the economic benefits reached the best level in history.

  What experiences and practices have been formed and what positive progress has been made in the reform of local state-owned enterprises? A few days ago, the reporter interviewed Baotou Steel, Guangzhou Automobile and Shaanxi Fiberhome Electronics.

  — — Editor

  Baotou Steel (Group) Company — —

  Follow the market rules and enhance endogenous power

  Our reporter Liu Zhiqiang.

  In February, 2021, we installed ammonium sulfate intelligent manufacturing electrical equipment independently, saving 28,168 yuan; In November 2021, the desulfurization cable was repaired, saving 15,090 yuan; In total, the annual savings exceeded 1 million yuan … … A table records in detail the cost reduction effect of industrial control network section of coal coke chemical branch of Baotou Steel in 2021. "Get started by yourself, repair the old and waste, and repair the equipment, both ‘ Hey ’ Out of the cost, it also makes the work more fulfilling. " Xing Gang, section chief of the industrial control network, said.

  Reduce financial costs, manufacturing costs, logistics costs, and labor costs, and improve asset operation efficiency and work efficiency. Since 2019, Baotou Iron and Steel (Group) Co., Ltd. has started to implement the "four reductions and two lifts" project, clarifying tasks step by step and post by post, with full participation, reducing costs and increasing efficiency, and reducing various costs by more than 9 billion yuan.

  "There is pressure and more motivation." In Xing Gang’s view, reducing costs and increasing efficiency can be implemented, behind which the incentive mechanism has improved the enthusiasm of employees. "Everyone has reduced costs by optimizing production processes and eliminating hidden dangers of equipment, and will receive special rewards, which is also conducive to promoting ranks and improving salaries."

  As an old state-owned enterprise with a history of more than 60 years, Baotou Steel once fell into huge losses around 2016. During the three-year reform of state-owned enterprises, Baotou Steel, under the guidance of the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, made a "combination boxing" of the reform of slimming, reducing costs and increasing efficiency and strategic transformation, and gradually turned losses into profits and got out of the predicament. In 2021, Baotou Steel achieved an operating income of 126.036 billion yuan and a profit of 10.36 billion yuan, increasing by 44.75% and 579.19% respectively compared with 2018, and all indicators reached the best level in history, becoming the first state-owned supervision enterprise in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region with a revenue exceeding 100 billion yuan.

  "Being in a completely competitive industry, Baotou Steel must take greater reforms and touch deeper contradictions if it wants to turn losses into difficulties." Wei Shuanshi, secretary of the Party Committee and chairman of Baotou Steel (Group) Company, believes that the essence of reform is to follow the laws of the market and let the market-oriented mechanism really play its role.

  On the one hand, we should lose weight and keep fit, deal with difficulties and do a good job of "subtraction" in resource allocation to enhance market competitiveness.

  In recent years, Baotou Steel has disposed of eight "zombie enterprises" by taking measures such as asset reorganization, property right transfer and bankruptcy, involving assets of 1.49 billion yuan. At the same time, scientifically dispose of inefficient and ineffective assets and classify idle assets. Since 2016, 402 idle assets have been publicly disposed of through the market-oriented property rights trading platform, with an asset appreciation of more than 32 million yuan. At the same time, we will build a more advanced and environmentally friendly production line, and Baotou Steel will steadily realize transformation and upgrading.

  On the other hand, optimize incentives, scientifically decentralize, and do a good job of "addition" in endogenous motivation to enhance the development potential of enterprises.

  In November, 2021, researchers of Baotou Rare Earth Research Institute, a subsidiary of Baotou Steel, welcomed good news: the research institute appraised the technical achievements of "Rare Earth PVC Heat Stabilizer" at a price of 12.75 million yuan, and established a joint venture of Northern Rare Earth Ruihong Company, and 70% of the equity formed by the technology was awarded to the researchers. "In addition to equity incentives, there are short-term timely rewards for achievements, dividend incentives for achievements transformation, and differentiated salary mechanisms and scientific research projects ‘ Reveal the list ’ The mechanism and incentives are more and more perfect. " Li Bo, vice president of Baotou Rare Earth Research Institute, said.

  While stimulating the enthusiasm of researchers, Baotou Steel also decentralized all units to introduce high-level talents on their own, especially those who are in urgent need of enterprise development. In 2021, Baotou Rare Earth Research Institute established Hangzhou Branch with the support of the Group to create a "talent enclave". "Establishing a branch can not only strengthen the docking cooperation with local universities and scientific research institutions, but also effectively solve the problem of attracting talents." Li Bo told reporters that in the past two years, the branch has attracted many high-level talents to join. "In December last year, we successfully hired high-end talents in the rare earth industry and professors from Zhejiang University to strictly serve as the dean of the Rare Earth Research Institute, realizing the professionalization of cadres."

  Ability determines position, efficiency determines employment, and contribution determines salary. In recent years, Baotou Steel has carried out three institutional reforms to comprehensively enhance the endogenous motivation of enterprises — —

  Let cadres go up and down. In Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, we took the lead in pushing forward the market-oriented hiring and contractual management, took out 53 full-time posts and 178 deputy posts, openly recruited talents to attract talents to the society, signed letters of responsibility with managers of 100 holding subsidiaries, and set contractual indicators scientifically and reasonably.

  Let employees get in and out. Improve the differentiated assessment and evaluation mechanism, implement rigid withdrawal for incompetent people, and terminate labor contracts for those who violate discipline and law.

  Let the income increase and decrease. The salary distribution highlights the marketization in an all-round way, instead of simply "looking at status" and "looking at rank". The monthly income of employees fluctuates by more than 10%, and the salary gap of middle-level cadres reaches nearly 8 times. Since 2016, the income of employees on the job has increased by 62%.

  "Through reform, Baotou Steel has gradually embarked on a benign development track and has the conditions and foundation to move towards a higher level. In the next step, we must step by step to deepen the reform and make continuous progress towards the goal of building a first-class domestic enterprise. " Wei Shuanshi said.

  Guangzhou Automobile Group — —

  Perfecting governance mechanism and enhancing competitive strength

  Our reporter Wang Zheng

  Recently, Guangzhou Automobile’s reform measures have been frequent: 794 important technicians and management personnel have been included in the scope of employee equity incentives, accounting for about 20%; At the same time, strategic investors such as Chengtong Group and Nanwang Kinetic Energy were introduced, raising 2.566 billion yuan, laying the foundation for completing the A round of financing and shareholding system reform before the third quarter of this year.

  "Establishing a more market-oriented corporate governance structure, a more competitive equity structure and a long-term incentive mechanism to fully stimulate the vitality of enterprises and the enthusiasm of employees is the main purpose of GAC Ai’ an to carry out mixed ownership reform." The relevant person in charge of Guangzhou Automobile Group Co., Ltd. said.

  In recent years, Guangzhou Automobile Group, as the first large state-controlled automobile group with A+H shares listed as a whole in China, has continued to exert its efforts in the new corporate governance mechanism and actively explored the construction of modern enterprise system with China characteristics.

  — — Strengthen the board of directors and forge the main body of corporate governance decision-making.

  How to promote the diversified sources, reasonable structure, effective checks and balances and efficient operation of the board of directors is a major issue in the construction of modern enterprise system of Guangzhou Automobile Group.

  In order to build an excellent board of directors, Guangzhou Automobile Group strengthened the top-level design and improved the system of selecting and appointing directors. Broaden the channels of talent introduction and establish a talent pool for directors; Insist on selecting the best among the best and strictly screen directors. At present, among the group’s 11 directors, 3 external directors are senior executives in the automobile industry and finance nominated by minority shareholders, and 4 independent directors are well-known experts in the fields of law, financial accounting and strategic management at home and abroad. At the same time, the Group has also established a team of 160 external directors, and promoted all the 108 subsidiaries at all levels included in the scope of construction to set up boards of directors, with 100% external directors in the majority.

  In order to strengthen the protection of directors’ performance of duties and fully implement the functions and powers of the board of directors, Guangzhou Automobile Group has improved relevant systems, established a follow-up feedback mechanism for directors’ opinions, and formulated measures for the management of funds of the board of directors to provide a strong guarantee for directors to perform their duties. Implement the major decision-making power of the board of directors, give play to the role of the four special committees under the board of directors, namely, strategy, audit, remuneration and assessment, and nomination, and ensure that the decision-making power and supervision power of the board of directors are implemented.

  — — Promote the reform of professional managers and transform the governance mechanism.

  How to establish a more market-oriented selection and employment mechanism through the implementation of professional manager pilot at the group level is another major issue for Guangzhou Automobile Group to cope with fierce market competition.

  In July 2018, Guangzhou Automobile Group became the first state-owned enterprise in Guangzhou to implement the reform of professional managers, and successively completed the selection and appointment of eight professional managers in three batches by means of internal transfer and open recruitment. On April 2 this year, the Group openly recruited three deputy general managers for the society, which achieved a new breakthrough in the reform of professional managers of the Group.

  Through the reform of professional managers, Guangzhou Automobile Group has made it clear that the investment of major projects under 500 million yuan in the business plan will be decided by the management, and 27 general managers and 7 deputy managers will exercise their functions and powers, giving the management the right to operate independently more flexibly and quickly in response to market changes.

  Guangzhou Automobile Group has also established a selection, employment and distribution system of "being able to enter and exit, being able to go up and down, and being able to have high energy and low energy" at the management level, formulated a salary management mechanism of "double benchmarking of salary and performance, combining short-term and long-term", and strictly implemented the rigid payment principle of "performance up, salary up, performance down and salary down", the market-oriented salary distribution principle of "incremental performance and incremental salary" and the differentiated post salary principle. At the same time, improve the medium and long-term incentive mechanism. In 2020, professional managers will be granted stock options and restricted shares totaling 3.5 million shares.

  In recent years, the construction of modern enterprise system with China characteristics has led Guangzhou Automobile Group to achieve high-quality development. In 2021, Guangzhou Automobile Group achieved a revenue of 429.8 billion yuan and a total profit of 26.2 billion yuan, ranking 176th among the world’s top 500 enterprises. 1-mdash this year; In April, the cumulative sales of two independent brands, Guangzhou Automobile Chuanqi and Guangzhou Automobile Ai ‘an, were 111,000 and 55,000 respectively, up by 10.6% and 112.6% respectively.

  Shaanxi Fiberhome Electronics — —

  Changing R&D Mode and Stimulating Innovation Vitality

  Our reporter Zhang Danhua

  Walking into the exhibition hall of Shaanxi Fiberhome Electronics Co., Ltd., a blue communication hat stands out. Not long ago, the astronaut Shenzhou XIII who returned to Earth was wearing this comfortable elastic net cap. "When the astronauts were out of the cabin, the communication cap and voice device of the spacesuit we developed played a key role." Song Tao, chairman of Fiberhome Electronics, told the reporter that the astronauts’ communication caps and voice processing devices are wrapped in spacesuits. Through voice signal processing, active noise reduction and other technologies, the noise inside spacesuits can be overcome, allowing astronauts to pick up and receive voice more clearly.

  High-tech products can not be separated from the positive contributions of scientific researchers. Since the implementation of the three-year reform of state-owned enterprises, Fiberhome Electronics, a subsidiary of Shaanxi Electronic Information Group, has actively explored new modes of scientific research management and taken various measures to stimulate the vitality of scientific research teams.

  "Before the reform, the biggest problem we faced was the shortage of talents." The enterprise is located in Baoji City, Shaanxi Province, and some well-known college graduates are reluctant to come to work, which once made Song Tao a headache.

  "Where talents are willing to work, we will build the R&D center." In order to attract more outstanding scientific research talents, Fiberhome Electronics has established a research and development center in Zhongguancun Integrated Circuit Industrial Park, Beijing, forming a research center based on Beijing — Xi ‘an — Baoji-based R&D strategic layout has also established special scientific research centers in Chengdu, Nanjing, Guangzhou and other places, which has attracted high-tech talents to become an important force for enterprise innovation.

  While improving the layout, Fiberhome Electronics has also changed the traditional management mode of scientific research projects, and stimulated the innovative vitality of scientific researchers through the project manager responsibility system.

  According to reports, in the traditional R&D model, the technical chief, as the first person in charge of the project, looks for technology applications needed by the market, and then the R&D center is responsible for technical research. The R&D team is only responsible for technology, and does not undertake the functions of market and finance. Sometimes, there is a problem of low willingness to cooperate with the technical chief engineer, and it cannot respond to the market demand quickly.

  Different from the traditional research and development model, the project manager responsibility system takes the scientific research project manager as the core. Both the technical chief engineer and the R&D personnel can become the first responsible person of the project through the mechanism of "revealing the list and taking the lead" after accurately positioning the market demand, and sign the responsibility letter of the project objectives with the company to clarify the rights and responsibilities. In this way, the project manager is given the autonomy of team building, project performance evaluation and reward distribution, actively responds to customer needs externally, and is responsible for product research and development internally, forming a flat organizational system with multiple functions.

  "The traditional mode is vertical management, and I have to ask for instructions in every detail. My phone keeps ringing all day. Since the implementation of the project manager system, my mobile phone has been quiet. " Song Tao laughed.

  Company executives received less instructions, but the innovation vitality of grass-roots scientific research institutions was more sufficient. At the beginning of 2021, after the overall project of Fiberhome Electronic Joint Search and Rescue System was launched, the project manager of "Revealing the List" set up a project team of more than 10 people from the "resource pool" of the company’s R&D center. After that, the project team successfully bid for the outside world, and everyone worked hard together. "After the successful bidding, the company gave the team a reward of 700,000 yuan in accordance with relevant regulations. I look forward to a good profit after the project is completed, so there will be more income. " The project manager said.

  Effective incentives come from scientific mechanisms. During the three-year operation, Fiberhome Electronics broke the "big pot" and divided the salary of researchers into three items: basic salary, performance and profit commission after the completion of the project, of which the latter two items were all linked to the scientific research projects undertaken by individuals, and "the bottom is not covered, and the top is not capped", realizing the transformation from "paying wages" to "earning wages". In 2021, the salary gap of R&D personnel in the company widened to seven times, and some R&D personnel were paid more than company executives.

  Deepen the reform, so that the innovation vitality of scientific research personnel is full of generate, and Fiberhome Electronics has also gained innovative achievements such as joint search and rescue system and a certain life-saving radio station. In the past three years, the company has been granted 107 patents, including 43 invention patents and 4 national standards, and has also been successfully selected as a single champion enterprise in Shaanxi Province.

National Bureau of Statistics: In the first half of 2023, the national real estate development investment was 5,855 billion yuan.

  CCTV News:According to the website of the National Bureau of Statistics, the basic situation of the national real estate market in the first half of 2023 is announced as follows:

  I. Completion of investment in real estate development

  In the first half of the year, the national investment in real estate development was 5,855 billion yuan, down by 7.9% year-on-year (see Note 6 for details in terms of comparable caliber); Among them, residential investment was 4,443.9 billion yuan, down 7.3%.

  In the first half of the year, the housing construction area of real estate development enterprises was 7,915.48 million square meters, down 6.6% year-on-year. Among them, the residential construction area was 5,570.83 million square meters, down 6.9%. The newly started housing area was 498.8 million square meters, down by 24.3%. Among them, the newly started residential area was 363.4 million square meters, down by 24.9%. The completed housing area was 339.04 million square meters, an increase of 19.0%. Among them, the completed residential area was 246.04 million square meters, an increase of 18.5%.

  Second, the sale and sale of commercial housing

  In the first half of the year, the sales area of commercial housing was 595.15 million square meters, down 5.3% year-on-year, of which the sales area of residential housing decreased by 2.8%. The sales of commercial housing reached 6,309.2 billion yuan, up by 1.1%, of which residential sales increased by 3.7%.

  At the end of June, the area of commercial housing for sale was 641.59 million square meters, a year-on-year increase of 17.0%. Among them, the residential area for sale increased by 18.0%.

  Three, the real estate development enterprise funds in place

  In the first half of the year, real estate development enterprises received 6,879.7 billion yuan in funds, down 9.8% year-on-year. Among them, domestic loans were 869.1 billion yuan, down by 11.1%; The utilization of foreign capital was 2.8 billion yuan, down by 49.1%; Self-raised funds were 2,056.1 billion yuan, down by 23.4%; Deposits and advance receipts were 2,427.5 billion yuan, down by 0.9%; Personal mortgage loans reached 1,242.9 billion yuan, up by 2.7%.

  Fourth, the real estate development boom index

  In June, the real estate development boom index (referred to as "national housing boom index") was 94.06.

  annotations

  1. Interpretation of indicators

  Investment completed by real estate development enterprises this year: refers to all the investment completed during the reporting period for housing construction projects, land development projects, public welfare buildings and land purchase fees. This indicator is cumulative data.

  Sales area of commercial housing: refers to the total contracted area of newly-built commercial housing sold during the reporting period (i.e. the construction area confirmed in the formal sales contract signed by both parties). This indicator is cumulative data.

  Sales of commercial housing: refers to the total contract price of selling new commercial housing during the reporting period (i.e. the total contract price confirmed in the formal sales contract signed by both parties). This indicator is the same caliber as the sales area of commercial housing, and it is also cumulative data.

  Sale area of commercial housing: refers to the construction area of commercial housing that has been completed for sale or lease at the end of the reporting period, but has not been sold or leased, including the housing areas completed in previous years and completed in this period, but excluding the housing areas that have been completed in the reporting period, such as demolition and reconstruction, unified construction and agent construction, public supporting buildings, real estate companies’ own use and revolving houses, which cannot be sold or leased.

  Funds paid by real estate development enterprises this year: refers to all kinds of monetary funds and source channels actually used by real estate development enterprises for real estate development during the reporting period. It is subdivided into domestic loans, utilization of foreign capital, self-raised funds, deposits and advance receipts, personal mortgage loans and other funds. This indicator is cumulative data.

  Housing construction area: refers to the total housing construction area constructed by real estate development enterprises during the reporting period. Including the area newly started in this period, the area of houses that entered this period in the previous period and continued to be constructed, the area of houses that were suspended in the previous period and resumed construction in this period, the area of houses completed in this period and the area of houses that were suspended after construction in this period. The construction area of multi-storey buildings refers to the sum of the construction areas of each floor.

  Newly started housing area: refers to the newly started housing area of real estate development enterprises during the reporting period, with unit projects as the accounting object. It does not include the construction area of houses that started construction in the last period and continued construction in the reporting period, and the construction area that stopped construction in the last period and resumed work in this period. The construction of the house shall be based on the date when the house officially begins to break ground and dig trenches (foundation treatment or permanent piling). The newly started building area refers to the total building area of the whole building and cannot be calculated separately.

  Completed building area: refers to the total building area of all buildings that have been completed according to the design requirements, reached the living and use conditions, passed the acceptance inspection or reached the completion acceptance standard, and can be officially handed over for use during the reporting period.

  2. Statistical scope

  All real estate development and operation legal entities with development and operation activities.

  3. Investigation methods

  Conduct a comprehensive survey on a monthly basis (except January).

  4. Brief description of the national real estate development boom index.

  The national real estate development boom index (hereinafter referred to as "national housing boom index") follows the theory of economic cycle fluctuation, is based on the boom cycle theory and boom cycle analysis method, uses time series, multivariate statistics and econometric analysis methods, takes real estate development investment as the benchmark index, selects relevant indicators of real estate investment, capital, area and sales, and excludes the influence of seasonal factors, including random factors. It is compiled by the growth rate cycle method, and is compiled monthly according to the newly added data. The national housing boom index chooses 2012 as the base year and sets its growth level at 100. Under normal circumstances, the national housing boom index is 100 points, which is the most suitable boom level, with a moderate boom level between 95 and 105 points, a low boom level below 95 and a high boom level above 105.

  5. Division of East, Central, West and Northeast China

  The eastern region includes 10 provinces (cities) including Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Shandong, Guangdong and Hainan; The central region includes six provinces of Shanxi, Anhui, Jiangxi, Henan, Hubei and Hunan. The western region includes 12 provinces (cities and autonomous regions) including Inner Mongolia, Guangxi, Chongqing, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Xizang, Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia and Xinjiang. Northeast China includes Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces.

  6. Description of year-on-year growth rate

  The growth rate of real estate development investment, commercial housing sales area and other indicators are calculated according to comparable caliber. There are incomparable factors between the data of the reporting period and the published data of the same period last year, so it is impossible to directly compare and calculate the growth rate. The main reasons are as follows: (1) Strengthening the management of in-stock projects and revising the sales data of commercial housing for check-out. (two) to strengthen the statistical law enforcement, and to correct the data found in the statistical law enforcement inspection in accordance with the relevant provisions. (3) Strengthen data quality management, and exclude non-real estate development project investment and mortgage sales data.

Interview with Chief Designer: The administrative office area of the sub-center is a representative government building.

The Beijing News (Reporter Ni Wei) It has been more than a year since the Beijing municipal administrative center moved into the city sub-center. How is this axis-aligned, Chinese-Western integrated building group used? Zhu Xiaodi, chief designer of the first phase of the administrative office area of the sub-center, recently told the Beijing News reporter that the office area is running well and can be regarded as a representative office building of the China government.

 

Zhu Xiaodi is the chief architect of Beijing Architectural Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd., and also a famous architect in China. He has participated in urban construction for more than 30 years, designed famous buildings such as SOHO Modern City, Shenzhen Cultural Center and "Landscape Tower", and also participated in a series of old city renewal projects such as No.222 West Polishing Factory Street and Beijing Square.

 

In view of the protection and renovation of the old city and the reuse of old factories, Zhu Xiaodi believes that they are actually facing some same issues, such as introducing social resources to balance the contradiction between input and return, and paying attention to functional positioning and industrial planning, so that industries suitable for specific spaces can develop continuously for a long time.

[Profile] Zhu Xiaodi, chief designer of the first phase of the administrative office area of the city sub-center. Zhu Xiaodi is the chief architect of Beijing Architectural Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd., and also a famous architect in China. He has participated in urban construction for more than 30 years, designed famous buildings such as SOHO Modern City, Shenzhen Cultural Center and "Landscape Tower", and also participated in a series of old city renewal projects such as No.222 West Polishing Factory Street and Beijing Square. Beijing News reporter Hou Shaoqing photo

The first phase of the administrative office area of the city sub-center is running well.

 

Beijing News:The first phase of the administrative office area of the sub-center has been stationed for a whole year. How to evaluate the operation of this year? Has the original design idea been fully realized?

 

Zhu Xiaodi:The administrative office area of the sub-center is not only a modern building complex, but also a cultural image and symbol to face the future. The most fundamental thing is the exchange, collision, communication and integration of eastern and western cultures.

 

The main buildings in the first phase of the administrative office area are arranged in the way of north-south counterpoint and east-west symmetry, which plays the role of "distinguishing the square from the square". Through the layout of axis alignment, the building forms a complete and reasonable community. At the same time, it also integrates the experience and wisdom of all aspects of contemporary urban construction in technology.

 

The first phase of the building is integrated with the surrounding squares, greening, lighting, indicating and guiding systems, etc. Now, it seems that the overall operation is relatively good. The government office building in China is a unique type. In this type, I think the first phase of the administrative office area of the sub-center should be representative.

 

Government office buildings also have their own characteristics, such as the basic use of north-south direction. Then the south direction is different from the north direction, and the low-rise and high-rise offices. For example, the lighting in the north direction is not as good as that in the south direction, but it is impossible to make a single corridor. On the one hand, it is too wasteful, and it will also bring problems of heat insulation and cold protection, and the energy loss is great.

 

The adaptive industrial function is limited, so the protection of the old city should pay attention to the functional orientation.

 

Beijing News:Last year, you participated in the planning of an exhibition "Born in the Old", which showed the achievements of Beijing’s old city renewal in the past ten years, as well as international and domestic urban renewal cases. What was the purpose?

 

Zhu Xiaodi:Last year was the 10th anniversary of beijing design week and the 10th anniversary of Design Week’s participation in Beijing’s urban renewal. Taking this opportunity, the exhibition is not only a professional summary in the industry, but also a demonstration of the old city protection experience including Beijing, with the goal of achieving better results in Beijing’s next urban renewal.

 

In fact, during the renewal of the old city, a number of well-known works designed by architects emerged, which became the focus of social attention, or a "punch card" place, and there were award-winning projects at home and abroad.

 

The renovation of a small courtyard may be only a few hundred square meters, but it has attracted great attention from the society and even the international attention, which shows that the protection of the old city is not only a specific problem of housing renovation and renewal, but also a social problem to be considered and solved. These buildings themselves are also representative attempts, which will play a role in the protection and renewal of the old city.

 

Beijing News:What is the more important work besides these eye-catching designs for the protection and renewal of the old city?

 

Zhu Xiaodi:The old city of Beijing is composed of many traditional quadrangles and residential courtyard units, with a very large area and quantity. It is impossible to form a wide-ranging development trend in a short time simply by the work of architects.

 

To really protect and update the old city and achieve certain results in a short time, I think the most important thing is the pre-work, that is, to do a good job in project planning and functional positioning, and even later operation.

 

When we look ahead, we will find that the industries, functions and resources that can really adapt to the old city space are still very limited. For example, the spatial pattern of the old city is relatively narrow, which is different from the functional needs of modern cities; The lack of adaptability of traditional buildings to cold and hot weather conditions will also affect their use. On the other hand, there are still some problems in the old city, such as transportation, housing rent and so on, and the functions and formats that can remain in such a space for long-term development are very limited.

 

Especially in the East and West Cities, once a large number of courtyard spaces are sorted out, once there is a lack of functional resources, space will form competition, and it is also a waste to handle it badly. Therefore, I think that although the architects’ designs may have their own styles, they will find that the architectural style does not have the uniqueness of rational use of functions, and this is the difficulty, and even they will face secondary transformation. Therefore, in order to effectively protect and update, it is necessary to do a good job in the later operation.

 

The investment in old city renewal is large and the return is slow, so social resources should be encouraged to enter.

 

Beijing News:Will this also involve whether the investment and return of the old city renewal project can form a virtuous circle?

 

Zhu Xiaodi:At present, there are some policy constraints and management system constraints, which are basically supported by the government or state-owned assets. Imagine that if the government has invested heavily, it will be difficult to continue to support it one day, because the cost is very large and it will continue to invest. I think there is still a breakthrough, giving full play to the role of social resources in the protection and renewal of the old city and the role of indigenous people.

 

Beijing News:In recent years, Beijing’s annual key work arrangements will mention the requirements of strengthening the overall protection of the old city, protecting the texture of hutongs and quadrangles. What suggestions do you have?

 

Zhu Xiaodi:Beijing’s new master plan mentions that the old city can no longer be demolished. This sentence extends a little understanding. Is it possible to determine the service life of the old city buildings or the ownership and use rights of houses for a long time?

 

The design service life of newly-built residential buildings and the transfer life of the right to use are stipulated, 70 or 50 years. We propose that the old city can no longer be demolished, so should the service life of the old city buildings and the service life of private owners be more clearly defined? This will give a clear signal to the society that the return generated by the input cost can be shared over a longer period of time, which will help social capital and individuals to invest more actively in the protection and utilization of old buildings.

 

Otherwise, everyone is waiting, and the aborigines may also have such considerations, fearing that they will move one day, thus forming a state of making do and making do. Individual homeowners may give up the renovation plan and let it decline because they don’t know how many years they can live here. I think we should not only play the role of the government or state-owned assets, but also give full play to the enthusiasm of house owners, users and even all aspects of society to participate in the protection of the old city.

 

Old factories need to be filled with suitable formats to form industrial concentration.

 

Beijing News:Beijing is currently promoting the transformation of old factories into cultural parks. As of September last year, the city has sorted out 774 old factories, including 248 in the sixth district of the city. What is the uniqueness of this space resource of old factories?

 

Zhu Xiaodi:Whether it is the old city or the industrial heritage, architecture should play a specific role. Why do we like industrial heritage space? Because the industrial heritage is closer to the life of modern people, working in such a space can make you feel more about the historical development process. In fact, the concepts of the future, fashion and design are discussed above, which are not realistic things, so we need such a space to do it and stimulate imagination.

 

The old factories in Beijing still have the problems mentioned above. I think the difficulty lies here in what kind of format can adapt to and fully fill the constantly developed space. For example, some factories focus on the film industry, while others focus on the design industry. With positioning, industrial concentration can be better formed, thus developing on a large scale. This may be a problem that needs to be solved now, otherwise resources will be wasted.

 

Beijing News:Suzhou, Hangzhou and other cities are now facing the problem of old city protection and renewal. Why do major cities concentrate on this stage?

 

Zhu Xiaodi:Since 2012, China society has entered a new stage of development, from the high-speed development in the past to the medium-high-speed development, and the whole society has to transform from the incremental development stage to the stock development stage.

 

At this stage, the space for the incremental development of urban space has narrowed. For example, some megacities have demarcated the boundaries of urban development, and urban leaders should pay more attention to how the stock resources can fill the shortcomings. In the process of rapid development for decades, some problems and contradictions remain very obvious. If the problems are not solved, the incremental development will be curbed, and the population attraction and urban vitality will be reduced.

 

Then these stocks are reflected in the old city renewal problem, the old community problem, industrial heritage protection and so on. Government departments should realize that in the process of transferring incremental development into stock development, they should make full use of the existing incremental development bonus. Once this bonus disappears, stock development will lose its momentum, because it is impossible to invest without money. Unlike incremental development, stock development is a continuous and overlapping process.

 

The stricter the planning, the more dialogue is needed to supplement it.

 

Beijing News:In the implementation of urban planning, how can all forces participate in urban construction?

 

Zhu Xiaodi:The stricter the planning, the more dialogue mechanisms are needed to supplement it, so as to ensure that the public interests of the city are reflected in the urban public space and the space can get more sustainable development.

 

For example, building the ground floor overhead, adding some arcades along the street, giving space to the city, and making the venues of some projects available for public use can all reflect the friendly and open situation of single building projects to the city, which should be encouraged more in urban planning.

 

How to encourage it specifically? It may be necessary to balance interests. For example, if the ground floor is overhead, is it allowed to be built higher? Green space is open to the public, can you get some fees? Otherwise, every builder will be surrounded by walls, and the city will become more and more blocked and narrower. I think that in the process of planning implementation, more multi-faceted and multi-level dialogues can make the use of urban space more diverse and rich.

 

Beijing News:How do people have a say in the public space around them?

 

Zhu Xiaodi:The urban dialogue platform marks the maturity of urban management and also reflects the relationship between the city and the people. For example, some street parks and pocket parks, which are closely related to people’s lives, should listen to the opinions of the people more. In fact, it can be more targeted for architects to design.

 

For example, some communities are seriously aging, and public spaces need more sunshine, leisure and communication to meet the needs of the elderly. Design should pay more attention to these needs and give some strategies, instead of simply making a concept and a design. The purpose is to attract everyone’s attention or to do more practical work.

 

Beijing News reporter Ni Wei cooperation reporter Hou Shaoqing

Editor Chen Si proofreads Wei Zhuo.

In August, typhoons piled up and attacked. The data revealed when and where China was most vulnerable to typhoons.

  China Weather Network News After the "empty platform" in July, there have been many typhoons recently. Since August, four typhoons have been generated in the northwest Pacific Ocean and the South China Sea, among which Typhoon Hagupit No.4 and Typhoon Mikla No.6 have successively landed in the coastal areas of Yueqing, Zhejiang and Zhangpu, Fujian. So, is there a time rule for typhoon activities? When is the craziest? Where does it prefer to land? China Weather Network specially studied the big data from 1949 to 2019, and analyzed various "preferences" of typhoons.

  China is prone to typhoons from July to September.

  From the time of typhoon activity, typhoons may occur in the northwest Pacific and the South China Sea all year round. In China, the time range of typhoon landing is also very wide. Except for January to March, typhoons land in other months. According to the distribution of landfall in each month, the time of typhoon landing in China is mainly concentrated in summer and autumn, and the most concentrated period is from July to September.

  According to meteorological big data, from 1949 to 2019, there were 130 typhoons landing in China in July and August, and the number of landings in September was 122, accounting for 78% of the year.

  Typhoon "favors" Guangdong most.

  According to meteorological big data, from 1949 to 2019, a total of 491 typhoons landed in China. From the landing place of typhoons, they can be "captured" from Sanya in Hainan in the south and Yingkou in Liaoning in the north. However, the landing sites for typhoons are Guangdong, Taiwan Province, Fujian and Hainan, among which Guangdong is the most popular.

  Statistics show that in the past 71 years, a total of 189 typhoons landed in Guangdong. Because some typhoons landed many times, these 189 typhoons landed in Guangdong for 194 times, and the number and times of typhoons landing in Guangdong were the first in the country. The typhoon landed in Taiwan Province, Fujian and Hainan for more than 100 times.

Where is the most typhoon in China?

  In addition, there are typhoons "landing" in northern China. According to the statistical data from 1949 to 2019, there were 14 typhoons landing on the coast of Shandong and 6 typhoons landing on the coast of Liaoning. Among them, the 11th typhoon "Winnie" in 1997 landed in Yingkou, Liaoning on August 21st, 1997, which was the northernmost typhoon landing in China.

  Hebei, Beijing, Jilin, Heilongjiang and other places have all been affected by the low pressure after typhoon weakening, the cloud system around the typhoon or the temperate cyclone after typhoon denaturation, and even typhoons have passed through.

  Hualien, Taiwan is the most vulnerable county and city to typhoon in China.

  From the specific landing point, Hualien, Taiwan is the county and city most vulnerable to typhoons in China. According to meteorological big data, there were as many as 37 typhoons landing in Hualien from 1949 to 2019. Wenchang and Wanning in Hainan, Taitung and Yilan in Taiwan, Xuwen and Yangjiang in Guangdong are also "typhoon-attracting" areas, and the number of typhoons landing has reached or exceeded 20.

In August, typhoons piled up and attacked. The data revealed when and where China was most vulnerable to typhoons.

  Shao Peng, a meteorologist of China Weather Network, explained that although Guangdong is the most vulnerable province to typhoons, its coastline is long and there are many coastal counties and cities, while there are only a few counties and cities along the eastern coast of Taiwan Province and Hainan. On average, the number of typhoon landings in each county and city along the Guangdong coast will be relatively less, but the counties and cities along the eastern coast of Taiwan Province and Hainan are more frequently attacked by typhoons.

  Among the counties and cities along the eastern coast of Taiwan Province, Hualien is the most vulnerable to typhoons, which is also closely related to its geographical location. Because the overall path of typhoons landing in Taiwan Province is northerly, Hualien, which is located in the north and occupies a long coastline, has thus become the most vulnerable area to typhoons.

  The typhoons landing in China vary greatly from year to year.

  According to meteorological big data, from 1949 to 2019, there were 1918 typhoons generated in the Pacific Northwest and the South China Sea, with an average of 27 typhoons generated each year, with an average of 6.9 typhoons landing in China each year. However, the generation and landing of typhoons do not follow the average law every year, but show great interannual changes.

  In the year with many typhoons, 40 typhoons were generated in 1967; In 1998 and 2010, there were only 14 typhoons.

  Judging from the number of landings each year, there are also great differences between years. The year when typhoons landed in China was 1971, and 12 typhoons landed in China. The years when typhoons landed in China were the least in 1950 and 1951, and only three typhoons landed.

Typhoon landing year distribution in 2.png.

  The proportion of typhoons and strong tropical storms landing in China is the highest.

  In terms of intensity, the typhoon landing in China is the strongest tropical storm, accounting for 31.2%; The proportion of typhoons and tropical storms is not small, accounting for 30.3% and 21.4% respectively; The number of strong typhoon and super typhoon landing in China is 63 and 21 respectively, accounting for 12.8% and 4.3% respectively.

  Strong typhoons and super typhoons prefer to land in August-September, especially in September. According to meteorological big data, from 1949 to 2019, there were 122 typhoons that landed in China in September, of which 25 were strong typhoons and 7 were super typhoons, accounting for 26.2%. The proportion of strong typhoons and above when landing was the highest in each month.

  Rammasun is the strongest typhoon that landed in China since 1949.

  In the past 71 years, there were 21 typhoons landing in China with super typhoon level. Among them, when the No.9 typhoon "rammasun" landed in Wenchang, Hainan in 2014, the maximum wind force near the center reached 70 m/s, which was the strongest typhoon landing in China since 1949. Moreover, after landing in Hainan, rammasun continued to land in Guangdong and Guangxi, causing 7.423 million people and 4.685 million hectares of crops in 59 counties and cities in Hainan, Guangdong and Guangxi to be affected. The direct economic loss was about 26.55 billion yuan, and Nanning and other cities were waterlogged and seriously damaged.

  In addition, when the No.8 typhoon "Opal" in 1962, No.12 typhoon "Wanda" in 1956, No.8 typhoon "Sang Mei" in 2006 and No.14 typhoon "Marge" in 1973 landed in China, the maximum winds near the center all reached 60 m/s and above. Together with "rammasun", these four typhoons became the top five in the typhoon power list.

  Typhoons always come with wind and rain, which is extremely destructive. Before the arrival of typhoons, coastal residents should pay attention to defending against typhoons, especially strengthening their awareness of self-protection.

  When a typhoon strikes, be sure to pay close attention to the typhoon dynamics and avoid going to the typhoon-affected areas; If the residential area is already in the typhoon-affected area, it is necessary to pay attention to cleaning the flowerpots on the external windows, the hanging objects on the balcony, etc., and reinforce the doors and windows in advance to avoid going out when the typhoon comes; When you have to go out, you should also pay attention to stay away from dangerous areas, such as near billboards, dangerous old houses and low-lying areas in mountainous areas. (Text/Zhang Hui Design/Chen Yujie Data Support/Shao Peng Audit/Yu Xiaofen Feng Wei Liu Wenjing Liu Hongxin)

  Note: The typhoon data in this paper only count tropical storms and above.

How to pay and use three insurances and one gold? How to pay and use three insurances and one gold correctly? What are the characteristics of this payment and use method?

Three insurances and one gold: a comprehensive guide to payment and use

In today’s society, three insurances and one gold are very important for every worker. Three insurances and one fund include endowment insurance, medical insurance, unemployment insurance and housing accumulation fund. So, how should they be paid and used?

First of all, let’s learn about the payment method.

The payment of endowment insurance is usually shared by units and individuals according to a certain proportion. The proportion of unit contributions is generally 16%, and the proportion of individual contributions is 8%. The specific payment base will be determined according to local regulations and personal salary level.

The payment of medical insurance is also divided into two parts: units and individuals. The unit contribution ratio is about 6% to 10%, and the individual contribution ratio is generally 2%.

Unemployment insurance, the unit contribution ratio is usually 0.5% to 1%, and the individual contribution ratio is generally 0.5%.

The proportion of housing provident fund payment is between 5% and 12%, which is also paid by units and individuals.

Let’s take a look at how they are used.

After reaching the statutory retirement age and accumulating payment for a certain number of years, you can receive a monthly pension to provide protection for your later life.

Medical insurance can be used to pay medical expenses such as outpatient service, hospitalization and drug purchase, thus reducing the medical burden.

Unemployment insurance can receive unemployment insurance benefits for a certain period of time when employment is interrupted without my will.

The housing accumulation fund is mainly used for purchasing, building and renovating self-occupied housing, or repaying the principal and interest of housing loans.

Here is a table to compare their payment and use characteristics more clearly:

Types of insurance Payment proportion (unit/individual) Main mode of use endowment insurance 16%/8% Receive a pension after retirement medical insurance 6%-10%/2% Pay medical expenses unemployment insurance 0.5%-1%/0.5% Get insurance money when you are unemployed against your will. housing accumulation fund 5%-12%/5%-12% Housing-related uses

The correct payment and use of three insurances and one gold has many characteristics.

For individuals, it provides a stable guarantee, so that you can rely on it when facing problems such as old-age care, medical care and unemployment. At the same time, the housing provident fund also helps to realize the housing dream.

For enterprises, paying three insurances and one gold according to law is helpful to attract and retain talents and enhance the competitiveness and image of enterprises.

It should be noted that local policies may be different, and the specific payment and use regulations shall be subject to local laws, regulations and policies.

In a word, understanding and correctly handling the payment and use of "three insurances and one fund" is of great significance for personal life planning and security, as well as the stable development of enterprises.

(Editor in charge: difference extension)

[Disclaimer] This article only represents the author’s own views and has nothing to do with Hexun. Hexun.com is neutral about the statements and opinions in this article, and does not provide any express or implied guarantee for the accuracy, reliability or completeness of the contents. Readers are requested for reference only, and please take full responsibility. Email: news_center@staff.hexun.com.

Great Love in the World —— The Heroic Spectrum of Wuhan’s Anti-epidemic Front Line

When the sea flows, heroes come forth in large numbers.

A sudden epidemic in COVID-19 made us know a group of ordinary and extraordinary people. In the fierce epidemic, they stood up with the courage to give up; Under the difficult test, they courageously retrogressed with determination and determination.

They are known as the anchor in the fog of the epidemic, as the captain at the helm of the ship fighting the epidemic, as the white soldiers fighting the virus, as the universal guardians in the closed community, and as the firefighters in the national war.

They are fighting fire and warm light.

"You are messengers of light, messengers of hope, the most beautiful angels and real heroes!" The praise of the Supreme Leader’s General Secretary expressed the respect of the whole society for fighting against the epidemic hero.

Let’s pay tribute to the cutest person in the new era!

Cross the sea and see the true colors.

The epidemic is fierce and the hero moves forward.

There are such a group of brave soldiers who are the first to go to the anti-epidemic battlefield. They are no longer youthful, but let the years shine with the light of youth forever; They rushed into a war without smoke, but they were the "most terrible opponents" on the battlefield.

This group of brave soldiers, including academicians Zhong Nanshan, Li Lanjuan, Wang Chen, Chen Wei, Qiao Jie, Zhang Boli, Huang Luqi, and Tong Xiaolin … They shoulder the mission, bear the burden, and charge the epidemic.

No ticket can be remembered by Chinese people like this high-speed rail ticket-the departure time is January 18, 2020, starting from Guangzhou South Railway Station and ending at Wuhan Station; No seat, make up the ticket; The ID number shows that he was born in 1936 and the passenger is 84 years old!

Academician Zhong Nanshan returned to Guangzhou after rescuing patients in Shenzhen that day, and was informed by the National Health and Wellness Commission to rush to Wuhan at noon. As the high-speed rail ticket has been sold out, he was settled in the corner of the dining car when he got on the bus temporarily. From this, there is another unforgettable photo for Chinese people-on the high-speed rail dining car, the old man closed his eyes, leaned his head on the back of the chair, and his face was full of fatigue.

As early as 17 years ago, when fighting against SARS, Academician Zhong Nanshan rushed to the forefront; Seventeen years later, although he was 84 years old, he went out again, and he was as sharp as before.

"There must be human-to-human transmission", "There are medical personnel infected" and "Don’t go to Wuhan without special circumstances" … It is this insight and outspoken old man who has sounded the alarm of prevention and control in the whole society and promoted the rapid change of epidemic prevention and control.

Participate in ward rounds, guide treatment, online consultation, judge the epidemic situation, and have video communication with international experts … Academician Zhong Nanshan is busy every day in the days of anti-epidemic.

Ms. Peng, a patient from COVID-19, Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province, terminated her pregnancy after 35 weeks of pregnancy. She suffered from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), septic shock, multiple organ dysfunction, etc. in the following two months, and was critically ill for many times, with ventricular fibrillation and cardiac arrest for 40 seconds.

In order to save her life, Academician Zhong Nanshan participated in the remote consultation. Under his guidance, Ms. Peng finally turned the corner. "It was a close call, thanks to the care of the medical staff and everyone." On March 31st, this critically ill pregnant woman in COVID-19, Zhongshan, who worried Academician Zhong Nanshan, finally ended the isolation and went home after two months of rescue.

"Vulcan Mountain, Raytheon Mountain, Zhong Nanshan, and the three mountains have gathered together to overcome difficulties; Domestic donations, overseas donations, Li Lanjuan, and many donations have come to the road. " This pair of popular couplets, the first part says that the person is Zhong Nanshan, and the second part says that it is a "goddess".

At 9: 00 on March 31st, the medical team of Academician Li Lanjuan, who had been in Wuhan for 58 days, set foot on the way back. When entering the waiting hall of Wuhan Tianhe Airport, hundreds of people at the scene shouted to 73-year-old Academician Li Lanjuan: "Goddess!" "goddess!"

"Goddess" is well deserved! When the epidemic situation was still confusing, she and a group of experts rushed to Wuhan to make a decisive suggestion for Wuhan to press the "pause button" through on-the-spot research on the epidemic situation.

Later, she led a team to recruit Wuhan again, "going to a place with severe illness", which greatly improved the success rate of treatment for critically ill patients. When inspecting the ward, Li Lanjuan often holds the patient’s hand and says, "Hold on, come on!" Send love and hope to patients and people who see and hear this scene.

Academician Li Lanjuan has a picture of a smile that has been circulated all over the network, and the clear indentation of the protective mask on his face has touched countless people. This photo was taken after she took off her protective clothing and mask at the East Campus of Wuhan University People’s Hospital. The indentation on the face is affectionately called "angel mark". Some people say that this smile gives people confidence and encouragement, which means hope and victory; Some people say that the indentation on this face is the "medal" of the ancient and rare old people who are rushing to the front line, and it is also a thrilling responsibility.

Many people may not have heard the name of Academician Chen Wei, but if you have seen Wolf Warriors 2, you will know that she is the prototype of Dr. Chen. In 2003, team Chen Wei took the lead in identifying the culprit of SARS in China. What makes her famous all over the world is that in 2014, she led the team to successfully develop the world’s first new genetic vaccine against Ebola virus, which is known as the "Ebola nemesis".

On the evening of March 3, a photo misunderstood by goodwill and good wishes was widely circulated on the Internet. In this picture with the caption "The first shot of vaccine, the academician tries first", Academician Chen Wei of the Institute of Military Medicine of the Academy of Military Sciences is sticking out his left upper arm for injection. The essay said: "The first Covid-19 vaccine was injected into Academician Chen Wei’s left arm today. Seven party member from the expert group also injected together. "

Some people cheered that the vaccine developed by Academician Chen Wei’s team has entered the clinical stage, but it is not a vaccine injected in the photo, but a drug that enhances immunity injected by Academician Chen Wei before going to Wuhan. Behind the photo, this "tough guy" female major general who went to Hubei to fight the epidemic did not live up to the expectations of the people of the whole country, and indeed wrote a Chinese answer sheet on COVID-19 vaccine development in Jianghan.

On January 26th, on the second day of the first lunar month, 54-year-old Academician Chen Wei led the expert group to Wuhan. Since arriving in Wuhan, she has concentrated on emergency scientific research on vaccine development. At 20: 18 on March 16th, the recombinant COVID-19 vaccine developed by Academician Chen Wei was approved to start clinical trials. On March 22nd, the first batch of 108 volunteers were injected with domestic COVID-19 vaccine.

"Treat each other with sincerity, and I’ll leave my courage here this time." This is what Academician Zhang Boli, who has been fighting against the epidemic in Wuhan, said to you after undergoing cholecystectomy.

On January 27th, on the third day of the first lunar month, Academician Zhang Boli, who was guiding epidemic prevention in Tianjin, was ordered to fly to Wuhan. Since then, he has been sticking to Jiangcheng. On February 18, he had to undergo surgery because of an old gallbladder disease caused by overwork. Three days after the operation, he insisted on returning to work.

On March 19th, Academician Zhang Boli, who has been fighting for more than 50 days in Wuhan’s anti-epidemic front, celebrated his 72nd birthday. On the same day, the National Health and Wellness Commission issued a notice saying that all newly confirmed cases, newly suspected cases and existing suspected cases in Wuhan were zero for the first time. Academician Zhang Boli said that this is the best birthday present.

These days, Academician Zhang Boli has held video conferences with foreign experts almost every day to introduce the experience of traditional Chinese medicine in preventing and treating COVID-19 and explore the trend of global epidemic; He put on protective clothing that said "Come on, Lao Zhang" and went to the rehabilitation station to take a pulse for the isolators. He was advised not to fight so hard at your old age. He said: "I really forgot how old I am, regardless of my age."

In the city of Wuhan, there are still many academicians who are at the beginning and the forefront of the fight against the epidemic.

On the afternoon of March 10th, Wuchang Shelter Hospital, the first shelter hospital in Wuhan, was officially closed for 35 days, which also meant that all 16 shelter hospitals in Wuhan were closed. This special hospital, which played a key role in the critical period of epidemic prevention and control in Wuhan, completed their historical mission.

The establishment of Noah’s Ark is inseparable from a key figure-Academician Wang Chen.

On February 1st, Academician Wang Chen rushed to Wuhan and saw the overloaded hospital. After a night of tossing and turning, he first proposed to establish a "shelter hospital" to collect all patients. The voice landed, and the first batch of three shelter hospitals opened after 48 hours. More than 4,000 beds provide a green channel for isolated patients at home. With the addition of more shelter hospitals, the designated hospitals in Wuhan are finally no longer "hard to find a bed", and even completed the counterattack of "beds and others".

"Fangcang Hospital is a key measure to fight the epidemic in Wuhan. I hope this model can enhance the ability of more countries to deal with COVID-19." Academician Wang Chen said in a video connection with his American counterparts.

"I’ll do it!" Hearing the call from the Wuhan front, Qiao Jie, academician of China Academy of Engineering and president of the Third Hospital of Peking University, did not hesitate at all, and rushed to the airport in a few hours. Academician Qiao Jie said: "We just set up a critical care unit with military orders, and we should seize this critical point of treatment, try our best to improve the cure rate and reduce the mortality rate." As the leader of the national medical team in Peking University to aid Hubei to fight the epidemic, Academician Qiao Jie and his colleagues from brother hospitals arrived in Wuhan and quickly set up the first critical care unit. The Third Hospital of Beijing Medical University, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University People’s Hospital and the medical team from Henan jointly undertook the medical treatment task. The whole process only took more than 30 hours. This elegant and warm-looking "female warrior" is called "Iron Man" by colleagues who control the overall situation.

"In addition to the Sino-French New Town Campus in tongji hospital, which we serve ourselves, there are also many critically ill patients in other hospitals who are turning to us and becoming the centralized treatment point for critically ill patients." On March 31st, 137 medical staff of Peking University Third Hospital led by Academician Qiao Jie still insisted on treating critically ill patients in Wuhan.

On January 25th, Huang Luqi, an academician of China Academy of Engineering, led the first national TCM medical team to come to Han and entered Jinyintan Hospital, becoming the first TCM medical team to take over the intensive care unit. By March 30th, in Jinyintan Hospital, Academician Huang Luqi had treated 158 patients with severe and critical illness, and 140 patients were cured and discharged. In the latest seventh edition of the diagnosis and treatment plan, the recipe for eliminating dampness and removing toxin developed by his team was included in the recommended prescription for critically ill patients in COVID-19.

As the leader of the national expert group on medical treatment of traditional Chinese medicine, Academician Tong Xiaolin visited many hospitals every day during his stay in Wuhan. Everywhere, the first thing to do is to go to the ward to treat patients, ask for advice, look at the tongue and feel the pulse, and never let go of every detail. From New Year’s Eve to Wuhan, Academician Tong Xiaolin has been fighting there for more than two months. He and experts went deep into the community, put forward the idea of moving the treatment gateway to the community, and drew up the "Wuhan anti-epidemic prescription" of traditional Chinese medicine, which played an important role in treating mild diseases and reducing the conversion from mild to severe.

Under the coordination of the Central Steering Group, 10 famous academicians and their teams gathered in Hubei, and most of them fought in Wuhan. They shoulder the mission of the country and the expectations of the people.

"This matter of the country is very important. The country needs us to go. We must go today!" This is a sentence from hit the floor when Academician Zhong Nanshan went to Wuhan.

"I am duty-bound to be a major event of the country." This is what Academician Li Lanjuan said on New Year’s Eve when he applied to the state to lead a team to support Wuhan.

"The epidemic is the military intelligence, and the epidemic area is the battlefield. I hope that I can fight the deadly virus in my life and open the door of hope for life in the trapped epidemic area. I believe that the speed of researchers in our country will not be inferior to that of the United States. " This is Chen Wei’s heartfelt words when he was interviewed by the media about the development of COVID-19 vaccine in China.

May I have this length to serve my country.

Brave front-line commanders are at the forefront of the "epidemic" of war.

In the eyes of medical staff, the dean at this moment is a brave captain and a brave front-line commander.

On the occasion of the outbreak, many heads of medical institutions were on the verge of death and led the team to charge. They bear double pressure, not only to save patients but also to protect medical staff, and they have to worry about everything from case consultation to material support.

These medical institutions are like a safe house, sheltering the lives of compatriots in the storm of the epidemic. They are brave and brave, and their dedication and sacrifice live up to the name of Chinese doctors.

Zhang Dingyu, president of Jinyintan Hospital in Wuhan, is known as the "Iron Man" in the eye of the epidemic storm. His hospital is the only infectious disease hospital in Wuhan, where the earliest COVID-19 patients were treated. Since the first batch of COVID-19 patients were admitted on December 29th, 2019, the battle for Zhang Dingyu has started.

The epidemic situation is urgent, and Jinyintan Hospital is the center of the epidemic situation in the city. Zhang Dingyu rests at 2 am every day and gets up at 6 am. Colleagues are used to this figure of doing things in a hurry and limping around the house. However, it was not until a month later that many people knew that he had been suffering from gradual freezing for two years and his life had entered the countdown. In the past, Zhang Dingyu always said that his knee was bad, but the epidemic was in the forefront, so he couldn’t say it. He said: "I have to run faster to win time;" I have to run faster to get more patients back from the virus. "

Zhang Dingyu, who is as hard as iron, sometimes cries. One day in late January, shortly after learning that his wife was infected with COVID-19, Zhang Dingyu decided to visit his wife, and suddenly burst into tears while walking halfway. "I may be a good doctor, but I’m not a good husband. We’ve been married for 28 years, and I’m afraid, too, that she won’t be able to carry her body and lose her!" Fortunately, his wife, Cheng Lin, was cured after treatment, and donated plasma after the expiration of the isolation period.

Two months later, on March 24, when seeing off the first batch of white soldiers in Fujian at Wuhan airport, Zhang Dingyu shed tears again. He hugged the medical team and said with a sob, "You are heroes who save the earth. You are all superhuman!"

Zhang Dingyu, who says others are superman, is superman himself. Dragging his sick body, he stuck to the front line step by step. He said to his colleagues: "We are already in the eye of the storm, and we must not back down at this time! What we have to do and can do is to treat patients, protect our people and protect our city! " As for himself, he said, "I can’t fall down at the moment when I am most eager."

Colleagues said that with Dean Zhang leading the way, the great things were also practical. Cheng Fang, head nurse of ICU on the sixth floor of South China, said with tears in her eyes: "What we can do is to fight like him!"

Liu Zhiming, one of the directors of the first designated hospitals in Wuhan to treat COVID-19 patients. On February 18th, 51-year-old Liu Zhiming died because he was infected with COVID-19.

Before living in ICU, Herry Liu spent three sleepless days. On January 21st, Wuchang Hospital was identified as the designated hospital in COVID-19, ready to receive the first batch of patients. Arranging patients and reforming wards, a series of urgent tasks are on the head. On the evening of January 22nd, Liu Zhiming and his colleagues were busy all night. Colleagues recalled that his health was not very good in those days, but he was worried about patients and often went to emergency and fever clinics, and could not get a rest.

On January 23, the transformation of the ward was basically completed, but Liu Zhiming was diagnosed with infection. Liu Zhiming called everyone he came into contact with, worried about infecting others. The next day, his illness became serious, and he was admitted to the ICU ward, still not letting go of his burden. While calling and returning to WeChat, I care about the work of the hospital; On the one hand, let everyone not talk about his situation, for fear of affecting morale.

There is a screenshot of WeChat circulating on the Internet, which is a conversation between Liu Zhiming and his wife Cai Liping at the last moment of his life. Many people cried. "For a night … I thought I was going to die, lack of oxygen. I played the ventilator this morning, much better! " Liu Zhiming refused his wife’s escort. Apart from the patient, what he missed was the safety of the people around him.

When transforming the ward, he tried desperately to add beds in the limited space. "A bed is a life, and one more bed can save one more life!"

Life is counting down, and he is still worried about the safety of the doctor who saved him. "Our ICU ward is not a negative pressure ward, and doctors’ intubation treatment is easy to form aerosols and there is a risk of infection."

Wang Lunchang, the 80-year-old honorary dean of taihe hospital and former party secretary, wrote a poem to bid farewell to Liu Zhiming: "Coronavirus has abused the world, and the battle against the epidemic in China is still in full swing. I was shocked to hear that Zhi Ming died in the battlefield, and my eyes were full of tears. The epidemic is still in a stalemate, and people are fighting for themselves. It is difficult for the god of plague to stop the road of medical soul, and move forward with heroic spirit! "

Liu Qingquan, Dean of Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine. He is an expert in Hubei Central Steering Group and the head of Jiangxia Fangcang Hospital, the first Chinese medicine shelter hospital in Wuhan. On January 21, Liu Qingquan was ordered to go to Wuhan to participate in the formulation, guidance and management of the treatment plan of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine in COVID-19.

As soon as he arrived in Wuhan, he rushed to Jinyintan Hospital to participate in consultation and judge the disease. In the following days, he worked day and night to formulate the treatment plan of Chinese and western medicine, and his shoes were all white. In this regard, Liu Qingquan himself said: "I just came to Wuhan the earliest, and I saw the patients the earliest. My overall understanding of the patients may be a little earlier, which provided us with a basic material and template for formulating the national TCM diagnosis and treatment plan."

On February 14th, Wuhan Jiangxia Fangcang Hospital opened the cabin to admit patients, with Liu Qingquan as the president. From Beijing to Wuhan, from the preparation of Jiangxia Fangcang Hospital to the opening of the cabin, Liu Qingquan has been overdrawing. Ward rounds, consultation, syndrome differentiation and treatment … Liu Qingquan’s daily life is very monotonous, and almost all of them are busy between hospitals with more serious patients, such as Jinyintan Hospital and wuhan union hospital, for consultation of Chinese and Western medicine. After the opening of Jiangxia Fangcang Hospital, another item was added: Go back to the "cabin" at night to see the patients. Colleagues said, "You should apply for a compulsory rest order for Dean Liu!"

On February 3rd, under the guidance of Liu Qingquan, the first batch of 8 confirmed patients treated with traditional Chinese medicine or integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine were discharged from Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital. On February 26th, the first batch of 23 patients from Jiangxia Fangcang Hospital left the cabin successfully. There were nearly 400 patients in the whole cabin, and none of them became severe.

In Wuhan, the heads of many medical institutions gathered together to fight the epidemic. Such a large scale and such close cooperation can be said to be unique. In response to the call of the state, they rushed to Wuhan with medical staff and various materials from all directions, bearing great psychological pressure and work pressure, and silently completing their mission in Wuhan.

Senior Colonel Zhang Sibing, the president of Huoshenshan Hospital, participated in major tasks such as fighting SARS and building Xiaotangshan Hospital in 2003. hit the floor said: "We are confident and determined to implement President Xi’s instructions and win this epidemic prevention and blocking war!"

Wang Xinghuan, dean of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, obeyed the national arrangement in the fight against the epidemic, and managed several hospitals in multiple positions. In addition to our hospital, it has also taken over the Seventh Hospital of Wuhan and the Living Room Shelter Hospital of Wuhan.

……

The epidemic came to an end, and more and more deans successfully completed their tasks and led the team back home.

On the afternoon of April 3rd, the last batch of 175 medical teams from Zhejiang Province arrived in Hangzhou. So far, a total of 2,018 people from the medical team in Zhejiang Province have successfully completed the anti-epidemic task, and all of them have returned safely, many of them!

Ge Minghua, president of Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, is also one of the heroes who returned home this time. On February 19th, he led the fifth batch of medical aid teams to Wuhan. After nearly a month’s efforts, the team successfully completed the treatment of the intensive care unit in Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University. On March 15th, he led the team to the intensive care unit of Jinyintan Hospital in Wuhan. Ge Minghua said that we will go wherever the country tells us to go.

During his stay in Wuhan, his team managed a total of 117 patients, and 67 patients were cured and discharged. After the condition improved, 50 patients were transferred to hospital, and none of them became critically ill, and none of them died. The medical staff had zero infection.

On the eve of his return trip, Ge Minghua recalled his trip to Wuhan and said, "We have a lot of feelings for our comrades in Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University and Jinyintan Hospital of Wuhan. Don’t give up on the concern of party committees and governments at all levels in Wuhan and all walks of life. At the same time, we are very excited, because our evacuation means that the anti-epidemic work in Wuhan is coming to an end, which means that the anti-epidemic war of our people is about to win. Wuhan will win, Hubei will win, and China will win! "

"Complete the task of defending Wuhan and bring the players back safely." This is the promise made by many medical institutions when they set out, and they did it!

If you can’t win the epidemic, you will never return it.

Strong grass is known by high winds, and gold is refined by fire.

Since the "epidemic" war, wearing white clothes is the most reassuring "dressing up" for Wuhan citizens. At the critical moment when the city was on the brink of an abyss, 110,000 local medical staff in Wuhan and more than 40,000 medical staff from all over the country rushed to Wuhan to form a white shield to stop the epidemic and an unbreakable defense line.

On January 8, a ward in ICU of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University was transformed into an isolation ward. Zhong Si, the nurse in charge of ICU, remembers that Peng Zhiyong, the director of ICU, told all the medical staff somberly: The upcoming task is very arduous, the situation is complicated and the risk is great. If someone feels that his body may be too much, he can ask for it and make other arrangements.

Zhong Si has been working for 6 years, and this is the first time I have encountered such a thing. "But no one is backing down. We know that we have chosen this job, and we should always be ready to face this situation." Zhong Si said.

Four days later, all the 16 beds in the isolation ward were full. Nearly 150 medical staff in ICU began to work in shifts.

Every day, there are endless phone calls in Peng Zhiyong, and patients who can’t be saved are often busy until the early hours of the morning. Sleep has become the most luxurious enjoyment in Peng Zhiyong.

In the early stage of the epidemic, the shortage of protective materials troubled almost all medical staff in Wuhan, especially in ICU. The ICU of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University consumes more than 100 sets of protective clothing every day. At least, the inventory is only enough for two days.

As the head of ICU, Peng Zhiyong should not only try his best to treat patients in the ward, but also be responsible for all medical staff, and arrange and dispatch medical staff to work at the highest efficiency while trying to ensure that they are not infected by the virus.

Five years ago, Peng Zhiyong gave up his high-paying job in the United States and returned to Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University as the director of ICU. Five years later, Peng Zhiyong experienced the biggest challenge since he became a doctor. However, Peng Zhiyong said that he did not regret it, because so many patients entrusted their lives to him at this difficult time. "The opportunity to save the lives of these compatriots was the reason why I came back."

On the afternoon of January 12th, Guo Qin, a nurse in Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, began to feel headache and chills. Her temperature was 37.8℃. Guo Qin immediately isolated his family and informed the unit. The next day, she did a throat swab test and the result was positive.

Guo Qin, 38, was the first infected medical staff in Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University. A few days ago, she participated in rescuing COVID-19 patients many times. Fortunately, after three days in hospital, her temperature returned to normal.

There are 54 nurses in the emergency center where Guo Qin is located. Under normal circumstances, each person works 8 hours a day. With the gradual increase of fever patients, emergency centers gradually extend overtime hours, and the daily working hours are about 10 hours. Guo Qin saw it in his eyes and was anxious in his heart.

On January 27th, Guo Qin’s blood test results, nucleic acid test results and CT showed normal. She persuaded her family to return to her post: "If I don’t go back now, I don’t know if I am a deserter."

On the day of returning to work, colleagues shouted slogans for Guo Qin, "Welcome back!" Then wear isolation suits and hug one by one.

But luck didn’t come to every medical staff. On February 20th, Peng Yinhua, a 29-year-old doctor from the First People’s Hospital of Jiangxia District, died of COVID-19 infection.

Peng Yinhua was scheduled to hold a wedding on February 1st. He has received a marriage certificate for two years and has never had a wedding. He and his wife have been preparing for this for a long time. Considering that the wedding date has been fixed, the hospital did not arrange for him to be on duty during the Spring Festival, and prepared to let him come back to work after the Spring Festival. However, seeing the epidemic situation becoming more and more serious, Peng Yinhua took the initiative to postpone the wedding.

Peng Yinhua went home for the last time on January 18th. After work that day, he didn’t mention the hospital to his wife, only that he was getting busy. Peng Yinhua decided to live in the department because he was worried that his family and pregnant wife would be infected.

After the infection, Peng Yinhua told his colleagues that he should cooperate with the treatment well and then go back to the front line. He also suggested that he should take charge of the management of patients in the isolation area, and let other doctors stay in the office and clean area as much as possible to reduce the exposure risk.

On March 6th, the press conference of the State Council Office showed that in the early stage of the epidemic, mainly in January and before this year, more than 3,000 medical staff were infected in Hubei Province, of which 40% were infected in hospitals and 60% were in communities, all of whom were local medical staff in Hubei. Many medical staff died in the line of duty.

In this anti-epidemic battle in Wuhan, 42,000 medical staff rushed to Hubei, many of whom were youthful forces. When the motherland needed it most, they took practical actions to advance and retreat with Hubei and Wuhan, and wrote an indomitable hymn of youth.

Before the closure of Wuhan, Gan Ruyi, a post-90s doctor, just returned to his hometown in Jingzhou to prepare for the New Year. Knowing that the epidemic spread rapidly and the pressure on the hospital increased sharply, she decided to return to Wuhan.

All public transportation to Wuhan has stopped. Gan Ruyi’s mother objected to her going back. "It is more than 300 kilometers away from Wuhan, and the city is closed. Now there is no public transportation. How to get there? "

"Never mind, I’ll go by bike, and I’ll ride a little." On the road, the 24-year-old young man relied on bicycles, hitchhiking and walking all the way, spent 4 days and 3 nights, traveled more than 300 kilometers, and returned to his post-Fanhu Branch of Jinkou Central Health Center in Jiangxia District, Wuhan. On the temporary pass issued by the local government for her, the license plate number column reads "Bicycle".

Gan Ruyi’s deeds spread, and in the face of the ensuing praise, Gan Ruyi still only thought about the patients. "I’m just a medical staff in a primary health center, because I’m worried that my patients will be harassed by COVID-19, so I just want to return to my post as soon as possible and do my little bit for my patients. The defense war in Wuhan has reached a critical moment, and I just want to use my persistence to enhance the confidence of patients in overcoming the epidemic. "

On March 22nd, Zhu Haixiu, a nurse of Guangdong Aid Hubei Medical Team, finally had a good cry. Zhu Haixiu once said in an interview: "I dare not cry. I can’t do anything if I cry through my goggles." This "dare not cry" video touched netizens all over the country.

Since February this year, as a nurse of Guangdong medical team who rushed to Wuhan, Zhu Haixiu has been fighting day and night in the front line of Wuhan. I didn’t tell my parents when I came to Wuhan, but my parents found out later. My father cried over the phone for fear. "That was the first time I saw my dad cry in 22 years." Zhu Haixiu said. However, when interviewed by reporters in the hospital, she didn’t want to report her safety to her parents for the camera, because "crying through goggles can’t do anything".

"I don’t cry, I tell myself to get through it, so that we can see the dawn of victory." When she was about to say goodbye to the heroic city of Wuhan, at the airport, the little girl cried: "Thank you Wuhan, thank you Wuhan people!" "

"Sometimes to heal, often to help, always to comfort." In this epidemic, doctors give patients not only physical healing, but also mental temperature and comfort. There is such a group of "post-90s" in Peking University medical aid team, who empathized with patients in the front line of the war and epidemic, and grew up in the fight against the epidemic, making a brilliant contribution to youth.

Grandpa Duan, an 82-year-old Wuhan patient, can’t live without listening to news and watching news every day, but he forgot to bring his mobile phone because he was in a hurry to be admitted to the hospital, and he couldn’t sleep well when he was hospitalized. So, the 25-year-old nurse Quan Yi, a urologist at Peking University People’s Hospital, and other medical staff brought the Changjiang Daily to Grandpa Duan’s bed every afternoon for him to read. Since then, Grandpa Duan’s mood has made a 180-degree turn, gradually changing from reticence to cheerfulness, and he often takes the initiative to talk to medical staff. Before leaving the hospital, Grandpa Duan sat at his desk for a long time and wrote a thank-you letter to the medical team word by word: "Take a pen, with tears, and thank the Beijing medical team for coming to Wuhan all the way. I don’t know how tired I am day and night, so I can work miracles and walk home. I can’t express it in a thousand words. I wish you good health and everything is fine!"

Wang Ben, born in 1993, is the youngest doctor in the medical team of Hubei Aid and Anti-epidemic in Peking University Third Hospital. In Wuhan, his daily work is to wear protective clothing in the intensive care unit, ask 50 patients one by one, and communicate with them one by one. Even if you are young and healthy, you have to rest for 10 minutes every five patients in the closed space of the isolation suit.

The photo of Tian Jiali, a post-90s nurse in the Department of Respiratory Medicine of Peking University People’s Hospital, carrying four pots of boiling water was sent to the department’s WeChat group by the head nurse Wang Wen, which drew tears from her parents. Teacher Zhang Su, who watched her grow up, left a message with distress: My heart is almost jumping out. What if I can’t get the water bottle right and it burns? What if I break it and puncture it? What makes Tian Jiali most happy is that when delivering water to patients, an old man smiled and gave her a thumbs-up: "It’s a small effort."

Aunt Guo, a critically ill patient in COVID-19, suffered from respiratory failure when she was admitted to hospital. After being treated with non-invasive ventilator, she turned the corner. The pain of the disease, the discomfort of the ventilator, Aunt Guo, whose eyes were full of fear and anxiety, once refused to cooperate with the treatment, and the ventilator mask made it impossible for doctors and patients to communicate normally. Doctors and nurses not only need to treat diseases, but also give patients confidence. "If you can’t communicate by voice, then write with a pen and communicate through words." In response to Aunt Guo’s fear and anxiety, they set up a psychological care group to cheer Aunt Guo up every day, and established a "WeChat refueling group" to show her the refueling video recorded by her family for Aunt Guo. After a period of treatment, Aunt Guo gradually adapted to the treatment of non-invasive ventilator, and her condition gradually improved.

Wu Wenfang, a post-90s nurse in the Department of Respiratory Medicine of Peking University People’s Hospital, put on protective clothing before entering the isolation ward. Her teammates asked her what was written on the protective clothing. She said, "Write’ I love China’. At this moment, there is no deeper feeling than the love of the motherland."

Head bowed, like a willing ox I serve the children.

There are two positions to fight the epidemic, one is the hospital to heal the wounded and rescue the dying, the other is the community prevention and control position.

More than 30,000 ordinary community workers, 36,000 "sinking" cadres, more than 10,000 police and auxiliary police, thousands of community taxi drivers and many community volunteers are sticking to the position of community prevention and control in Wuhan.

On March 10th, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader inspected the prevention and control of COVID-19 epidemic in Hubei Province, saying that the community, as the front line of prevention and control, shouldered a very heavy task, and the comrades involved in community prevention and control work worked very hard. Everyone worked tirelessly and silently day and night to serve the masses and made important contributions to curbing the spread of the epidemic and ensuring people’s lives.

The general secretary’s affirmation and encouragement of the prevention and control work of front-line cadres inspired the confidence and fighting spirit of the grassroots cadres.

A community grid worker covered with "medicine bags" has recently become popular.

Covered with medicine bags, the chubby figure was only visible to the head and feet by more than 50 bags of medicine bags. The hero of the photo is Feng Feng, an ordinary grid worker in Huiminyuan Community, Houhu Street, Jiang ‘an District, Wuhan, who is responsible for helping residents buy drugs for chronic diseases. On this day, Feng Feng and two other colleagues came to a pharmacy on Huangshi Road, waiting in line to get the number to buy medicine. Because they didn’t arrive for two consecutive days, there were nearly 100 medicines to be taken that day. When they came out of the pharmacy, it was almost 5 pm. After nearly 12 hours, they finally got all the medicines needed by the patients, but the boxes they brought could not hold all the medicines. Fengfeng simply strung the small and medium-sized medicines into two strings and hung them on herself. "Because it is convenient to take it, I will get on the bus at once." This is Feng Feng’s simple response.

The photo on the screen is a true portrayal of the "epidemic" between the community grid worker and his colleagues: from verifying the patient’s needs by phone, to recording the list of medical insurance card passwords, telephone numbers and other information, and then going to the pharmacy to queue up for prescription, take medicine and deliver medicine … "The patients are waiting, and the medicine cannot be broken." In front of hundreds of community residents, bags of medicine are entrustment, hope and responsibility. In a simple sentence, it shows the responsibility of this community grid worker in the epidemic situation.

"It’s full of medicine bags", which is a person’s anti-epidemic story, and it is also the epitome of the front line of community workers.

There are about 4,600 households in the community of Beihuan Road, Shuiguohu Street, Wuchang District, Hubei Province, with a permanent population of 13,000, and 43 people have been diagnosed with COVID-19. Zhang Xinxin, deputy secretary of the post-90 s community party Committee, bravely shouldered the heavy burden and led a group of people to stick to the front line and not retreat.

"Sorry, it was a mistake in our work. I came to apologize to you!" "The community has done its best. Don’t come to the door during special periods. You still have a lot of patients to take care of!" These are some conversations between Zhang Xinxin and community residents on the phone.

Putting down the phone, Zhang Xinxin picked up a large bottle of disinfectant and walked to the 28 th building of the community for disinfection. This residential building has just been destroyed in a large area, and there are still residents who are not at ease and hope to kill it again. Zhang Xinxin climbed up and down, spraying potion layer by layer. After killing two units, I was informed that I would take the confirmed patients to the isolation point of Shengjia Rose Hotel before 2 pm, and then send them to the hospital.

Yao Dad, a 69-year-old confirmed patient, was treated in isolation at home, and his condition worsened and he needed to be hospitalized. Zhang Xinxin quickly called the old man and asked him to prepare for hospitalization. Considering that the old man is old and has had heart bypass surgery, she decided to send Yao Dad to the car.

Back in the office, Zhang Xinxin put on protective clothing, goggles and gloves. She sent Yao Dad to the quarantine point.

Charge in the front line of community prevention and control, the degree of hard work and the danger it faces far exceed people’s imagination. "No matter how residents evaluate us, even if we do our best, we must reduce the number of new cases in the community." Zhang Xinxin said.

At 8: 30 on March 24th, in the Qiaokou Branch of Wuhan Public Security Bureau, as usual, 39 policemen dressed neatly and assembled in line, waiting for the roll call. "Wu Yong", when the director Zhu Zhichao called this name, all 39 policemen shouted in unison: "Here!"

In this special way, these people’s guards, Zheng Zheng man of iron, bid farewell to their good buddies and comrades-in-arms Wu Yong.

Two days ago, Wu Yong, a policeman from Gonghe Community Management Section of Hanzheng Street in Qiaokou District, Wuhan City, who had been fighting for 60 days in the anti-epidemic front line, was overworked and fell to his job forever. He was only 51 years old.

Since the outbreak of the epidemic, the police work, which is already very busy, has become extremely heavy. Seven days a week, day and night turned into a normal work.

Wu Yong and his colleagues are in charge of the Republican community with more than 600 households at home. Many doors in the community do not have elevators, and they all rely on climbing up and down. Daily necessities such as vegetables, meat, eggs and milk must be delivered to households by manpower. Seeing Wu Yong’s hard work, many residents advised him: "Lao Wu, you are not young, let the boys send you." And he always smiles and shakes his head: "I have to take the lead."

On the morning of March 21st, Wu Yong hurried to work, said "I’m leaving" and left in a hurry. "Before I could answer, he closed the door and left. I didn’t expect this sentence to become a farewell … "Speaking of which, Wu Yong’s wife Liu Xiaolin was sobbing.

"Sinking cadres" refers to government cadres who go deep into the community to serve residents. Every "sinking cadre" has met different residents. Some people understand and cooperate, some people ignore interference, some people actively pay, and some people are picky …

Zhong Nan, a cadre of Donghu High-tech Taxation Bureau, is one of the "sinking cadres". Guanshan Community, Guandong Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan City, where he reported, was sometimes rushed to the post because a large number of community residents did not understand the closed management.

"Everyone in the sinking staff needs to exercise restraint. At the same time, they should give full play to their wisdom and combine the community police force and security to dissuade them reasonably. On the one hand, they should ensure that undocumented people have’ zero access’ and on the other hand, they should ensure that the situation does not escalate to’ full handling’." Zhong Nan said.

Guanshan Community has high floors and high density, with a maximum of 53 floors and 20 households on the first floor. During the large-scale investigation in early February, due to the high density of confirmed cases and suspected cases in the community, the sinking working group was worried about the harm of elevator aerosol, and generally sat on the top floor and went down layer by layer to conduct door-to-door investigations. Two people check nearly a thousand households a day, and Zhong Nan and his colleagues are so tired that their legs tremble every day.

"The hard working environment has won high praise from the community and won unanimous praise from the community residents. Seeing the thumbs up of the people, we feel that everything is worthwhile." Zhong Nan said.

Who do some community residents most expect to see during the epidemic? The answer may come as a surprise to many people: community taxi drivers.

Li Dingping was originally a veteran, and now Lao Li, who is busy, has become a taxi driver in Changfeng Community, Changfeng Street, Qiaokou District, Wuhan. Since signing up as a volunteer, he has been downstairs on time every day to start the car and stand by at the gate of the community. The passengers are all neighbors in the community.

In the eyes of neighbors, Li Dingping is a warm-hearted capable person; In the eyes of community cadres, Li Dingping is a right-hand man for grassroots epidemic prevention; In the eyes of relatives and friends, Li Dingping is a hero with chivalrous spirit.

"Li Shifu, Mr. Liu is going to the hospital for dialysis. Please help him!"

"Li Shifu, the gas in our house is broken. Can you come and have a look?"

In front of people seeking help, Li Dingping always said, "OK, no problem!" "

Li Dingping, 45, just joined a taxi company a month ago and became a taxi driver. After the outbreak, Li Dingping wanted to do something. With the restriction of motor vehicles in the central city, residents’ travel has become a problem. After thinking about it, Li Dingping decided to drive in the community on January 28.

"Now I mainly send some elderly people in the community to the hospital for dialysis, and then send pregnant women to the pregnancy test." Li Dingping said that in addition to himself, there are now three support vehicles in the community. Everyone is a volunteer, and everyone can get three buses a day.

"Among our taxi drivers who serve the community, there are veterans, ordinary citizens and retired workers. In difficult times, everyone stood up and contributed to grassroots epidemic prevention, and no one slacked off." Li Dingping said.

Whatever my status, I will never lay aside my concern for the nation.

The battlefield against epidemic disease is the "touchstone" to test people’s will and character.

It is the wish of every ordinary person to have a little heat and a little light; It is the ambition of all ordinary people to be humble and not dare to forget about their country, which is ordinary and extraordinary.

Police, firemen, volunteers, builders, sanitation workers, couriers … The same feelings and mission, unite forces from all over the country.

Xu Hongyan is an ordinary employee of Jin Qin Gas Station of Sinopec Hubei Petroleum. Since the outbreak, she has led five other "Iron Maiden" to form "six golden flowers", fighting for the position of preventing and controlling the epidemic and ensuring oil supply.

"You are here to fight the epidemic, and we cheer for you." Six female employees have fulfilled their promises with love and responsibility.

On January 23, Wuhan was closed. "In the face of this invisible and intangible enemy, it is impossible not to be afraid." Xu Hongyan admits that the station is full of female employees. The oldest child in the family is a teenager and the youngest is only over one year old.

As a mother, Xu Hongyan is more aware of her responsibilities. "Everyone knows that it is safe to stay at home. However, if all this happens, will the gas station be closed? Where do epidemic prevention and rescue vehicles go to refuel? I am the oldest in the station. If you believe me, I assure you that as long as everyone does their own protection and disinfection in the station, everyone will not be infected. "

"The gas station is our position to fight the epidemic. The people of the whole country are supporting Wuhan. At the critical moment, none of us can be less. " Haron Lee, the oiler, said.

No one can be missing, and no one will be missing. It is the common aspiration of this group of ordinary workers in the front line of anti-epidemic.

"Is there anyone? Help, I don’t have a mask. Dare not go out, there is no food at home. " At 9: 00 on March 4th, the "119 party member Commando" of Wuhan Jiang ‘an District Fire Rescue Brigade was carrying out epidemic prevention and decontamination in Dijiao Community, and someone was vaguely heard shouting in the corridor of a unit building.

"Old man, what’s the matter with you?" Commando Kang Jing found the source of the sound on the fourth floor.

"I’m afraid to go out. I’ve eaten all the food at home." The old man is about 70 years old, his children are not in Wuhan, he dare not go out without a mask, and his living materials have been exhausted.

Seeing this situation, Kang Jing gave 50 masks and two bottles of alcohol carried with the car to the elderly and taught them how to use them. Later, through community group buying, the elderly were helped to buy vegetables, meat and other daily necessities. The old man repeatedly said, "Young man, it’s very kind of you!"

"In the community, the information access channels for elderly people living alone are relatively narrow. They don’t know that the community can distribute materials." Kang Jing promptly gave feedback to the community about the situation of the elderly. Since then, the community has delivered daily living materials to the elderly. "As long as the residents need it, we will do our best to help them."

The story of fighting hand in hand is staged every day.

The Vulcan Hospital will be built in 10 days, and Thunder God Mountain hospital will be built in 12 days. Behind the amazing speed of China in the world, there are countless pairs of unhesitatingly helping hands.

Upon receiving the news of the construction of Vulcan Mountain and Thunder God Mountain hospital, the officers and men of China Construction Third Bureau issued a well-documented voice, "Wait for the notice and start at any time".

Chen Jinguo, 54, is the "Chief Technician of Hubei Province" and a tower crane dismantling worker in the equipment management company of China Construction Third Bureau No.2 Company. On January 23, after learning the news of the construction of Volcano Mountain Hospital, Chen Jinguo, who was in Wuhan, immediately said to the unit: "I am in Wuhan and I will come back when I am called."

Chen Longlong, the son of Chen Jinguo, also went to Vulcan Mountain this time. As a technician of China Construction Third Bureau Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd., Chen Longlong joined the project as early as January 25, mainly responsible for the system design of network communication and the weak current field construction of ward 2.

"Although we are in the same project, we have met twice, and we can only care about each other at lunch." Chen Jinguo said.

Yang Xue is a young volunteer in Hongshan District. Her main job is to send medical staff to and from work. At the beginning of the anti-epidemic, she took her cousin, who was a nurse, to and from work. At the same time, she found that there are still many medical staff facing the problem of difficulty in commuting.

Yang Xue’s eyes hurt her heart. She quickly discussed with several friends and decided to set up a volunteer convoy of "Guardian Angels" to provide free shuttle service for medical workers. As soon as the call was issued, many people signed up. At present, the "Guardian Angel" volunteer team has 30 sports cars every day. Everyone picks up medical staff on the road every day and does the work of material transportation.

"It is very meaningful to be a volunteer and defend our great Wuhan with everyone." Yang Xue said.

Zhang Chunxiang is an ordinary sanitation worker in Wuhan Economic Development Zone. On January 28th, Wuhan just closed the city. She suddenly received a notice from the company that she needed a group of people to do cleaning in the west area of Union Medical College Hospital. Put the phone down, Zhang Chunxiang thought for a moment. "I thought at the time that someone had to do this. I have been doing sanitation work for more than ten years and have experience. My children are adults and there is no burden. I want to stand up and sign up for the first time. "

Subsequently, Zhang Chunxiang and more than a dozen other colleagues went to work in the West District of Union Medical College Hospital. They are faced with heavy tasks such as disinfection, mopping the floor and garbage packing every day.

"When I first entered the ward, to be honest, I was also afraid and afraid. However, before taking up the post, the nurse gave us training and taught us how to protect. Before entering the ward, there are also professional doctors who repeatedly check whether the protective clothing, goggles, masks, gloves and foot covers we wear are in place. Here, we see experts from Beijing and Heilongjiang treating patients, and medical staff from other provinces come to support Wuhan. At that moment, I felt warm and powerful inside. Our Wuhan will definitely get better! " Zhang Chunxiang said.

On one occasion, Zhang Chunxiang went to the ward to collect garbage and saw a mother-in-law’s bedpan full. The old woman was too old to move easily. Without thinking, Zhang Chunxiang went to help her mother-in-law dump the bedpan, rinse it off and put it in place. And this is not her job.

In Wuhan, there are too many cleaners like Zhang Chunxiang. They are in hospitals, in streets, in communities and in public places … No matter where they are, they are making silent efforts with their own actions and making important contributions to preventing the spread of the virus. Their work may not be as vigorous as that of frontline medical staff, but it is also an important line of defense in epidemic prevention and control.

……

Many years ago, there was an article all over the Internet, which talked about the spirit of Chinese people from China’s fairy tales. Suiren’s drilling for fire, Dayu’s water control, Yugong’s moving mountains, Kuafu’s shooting at the sun day by day … Even in these imaginative stories, Chinese doesn’t expect external forces when encountering difficulties. Neither seeking God nor Dont Ask For Help, I am determined to overcome difficulties by my indomitable spirit, day-to-day pursuit and persistence of my children and grandchildren. The story endings that transcend reality are not so much a gift from the gods as a miracle on earth brought by perseverance! This spiritual inheritance was vividly demonstrated in the "epidemic" of Wuhan War.

No one in the world is born a hero, and no one stands up for no reason. It is the historical memory of rejuvenating the country through suffering and the national spirit of constant self-improvement that makes the city a hero, and makes the people of a country wave upon wave and give up who else.

Former US Secretary of State Henry Kissinger once said, "I think China’s greatest luck is that there are people living in this land, and China has always been well protected by their bravest people." China does have a great people, but it is not only by illusory luck or probability, but also by the spiritual heritage of the sages who used their flesh and blood to defend the country and the national self-esteem carved into the bones by contemporary people. Every time Chinese struggles in suffering, it is the sons and daughters of China who uphold the concept of "the rise and fall of the world, and every man has a responsibility"!

Only in this way can we see one application for going out to war after another, and one suicide note after another, that is, "the country will live and die" … This unprecedented war "epidemic" has made us learn from our predecessors after thousands of years, and also made the world know the endless faith and courage of the Chinese nation. In the face of the raging epidemic, Chinese once again proved himself: no matter whether the country is safe or the national rejuvenation, what he always supports and relies on is the endless national spirit and the eternal national righteousness!

(Written by: Qiao Shenying, Qu Changfu, Zhu Guowang, Chang Li, Zhou Lin and Yuan Yong)

Disaster risk management has a long way to go —— Written on "May 12th" Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Day

  China Meteorological News reporter Guo Qihao Zhang Yong Tan Yuan   

  It also falls on "May 12th" Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Day. This year’s theme is "Identifying disaster risks and mastering disaster reduction skills". Throughout the country, all kinds of comprehensive practical drills for disaster prevention and relief are once again popular, and many members of the public have also developed an eye for identifying disaster risks in practical drills, and mastered disaster prevention and mitigation skills in a subtle way.

  However, for most people, "disaster risk" is a strange word. "Their ability to identify and resolve disaster risks is limited." Zhu Changhan, a researcher at the National Climate Center, said that the key is to tell the public where there are disaster risks and how to deal with them.

  In recent years, although disaster risk reduction has been listed as an important part of national development planning, compared with the national conditions with frequent natural disasters, the ability to reduce the risk of natural disasters, especially meteorological disasters, is still quite unsuitable.

  In the face of extreme weather and climate, many people are often either passive or helpless. How to reduce the risk of meteorological disasters and strive for the initiative of disaster prevention and mitigation? How to strengthen the risk management of meteorological disasters in a down-to-earth manner, so as to really benefit the public? What do we lack in meteorological disaster risk management?

  Urgent risk management

  Beijing residents still remember the rainstorm on July 21, 2012. Although the meteorological department has accurate forecast and early warning, the rainstorm process still caused great casualties and property losses. The most severely affected places are some tourist attractions and highways in Fangshan area.

  "Some people build houses in rivers, build villas, engage in tourism development, block flood channels, and increase flood risks. The road planning is unreasonable, some road sections are seriously flooded, and the information is not smooth. In the case of floods, vehicles are still released, which increases the disaster losses. " Qin Dahe, an academician of China Academy of Sciences, believes that the lack of scientific assessment in urban and rural planning, especially the failure to consider the risk of meteorological disasters, leads to increased vulnerability and exposure.

  In this regard, Jiang Tong, a researcher at the National Climate Center, explained that when disaster risks appear, exposure areas and vulnerability are the key factors affecting disaster risks. When there are many exposed areas and the vulnerability of the exposed areas is high, the collection of non-extreme events may also bring extreme influence. Proactive disaster risk management and adaptation can not only reduce existing risks and disasters, but also help to avoid future risks and disasters.

  Meteorological disasters in China account for about 71% of all kinds of natural disasters, with many types, wide distribution, high frequency, great intensity and heavy losses. In the past 10 years, about 2,000 people died each year due to meteorological disasters, and the economic loss was about 200 billion yuan. With the rapid development of China’s economy and society, the population is more concentrated in cities and towns, and the mobility of economic and social activities is increased. As a result, the social disaster-prone environment will be more fragile and sensitive, the disaster-bearing bodies will be more exposed and the disaster-causing factors will be more complex and diverse. The economic losses and social impacts caused by the same extreme weather events will be much greater than in the past, and the difficulty, breadth and depth of coping with meteorological disasters will be significantly increased.

  With the attention and efforts of the CPC Central Committee, the State Council and local governments at all levels, China’s meteorological disaster emergency management capability has been significantly improved, and the level of meteorological disaster prevention has been effectively improved. Taking typhoon disaster prevention as an example, in view of the possible impact of typhoon, grass-roots governments can organize hundreds of thousands or even millions of people to move, effectively reducing the casualties caused by the disaster. The achievements and practices of meteorological disaster prevention and mitigation in China have been recognized and used for reference by the international community.

  "However, the emergency management of meteorological disasters, in terms of its function, is mainly the emergency defense before the disaster and the emergency relief after the disaster, which belongs to a passive disaster prevention." Jiao Meiyan, deputy director of China Meteorological Bureau, pointed out that to improve the ability of meteorological disaster prevention, it is necessary to co-ordinate the current and long-term work of meteorological disaster prevention and mitigation, not only pay attention to the emergency prevention of disasters, but also pay attention to the long-term meteorological disaster risk prevention, cultivate meteorological disaster risk awareness and establish the concept of meteorological disaster risk management.

  Due to the lack of meteorological disaster risk awareness and corresponding disaster prevention and avoidance skills, meteorological disasters in some places could have been avoided. Urban floods caused by heavy rains are often due to the fact that the fortification standards for flood control and drainage in urban infrastructure construction do not fully consider the impact of meteorological disasters; Most of the casualties caused by geological disasters of mountain torrents are due to the fact that the impact of geological disasters of mountain torrents is not considered in the site selection of residential facilities in disaster-prone areas.

  "By strengthening risk management, the port of meteorological disaster prevention will be moved forward, and passive disaster prevention will be changed into active response, and the transformation of meteorological disaster prevention and mitigation work from reducing meteorological disaster losses to reducing meteorological disaster risks will be realized. This is also a new trend in the development of international meteorological disaster prevention and mitigation." Jiao Meiyan said.

  Disaster risk management, facing difficulties

  "For the accuracy of weather forecast, it is as difficult to improve by one percentage point as it is to improve the performance of the 100-meter race by 0.1 second." Zheng Guoguang, director of China Meteorological Bureau, thinks that if we make efforts to strengthen the risk zoning and management of meteorological disasters, we can greatly reduce the property losses and casualties caused by meteorological disasters.

  Prevention, prediction, disaster relief and reconstruction are the four lines of defense built by people in the face of disasters. Gao Jianguo, deputy secretary-general of China Disaster Prevention Association, believes that pre-disaster prevention is not only more humane than post-disaster relief, but also more economical. The response mechanism after a disaster event, no matter how effective, is never enough. Therefore, we must not highlight emergency and put "prevention" on hold.

  Disaster risk early warning is an important link of "prevention". As an important part of meteorological disaster risk management, meteorological disaster risk early warning is an important part of China’s meteorological disaster prevention and mitigation system. Jiao Meiyan pointed out that it is necessary to accelerate the meteorological risk early warning service from the height of improving China’s meteorological disaster prevention and mitigation system, consolidate the technical foundation of the meteorological disaster prevention and mitigation system, and improve the effectiveness, practicality and pertinence of meteorological disaster prevention and mitigation.

  In recent years, the geological disasters of floods and mountain torrents in small and medium-sized rivers caused by heavy rains have a tendency of frequent recurrence, which has become the main body of flood losses in China. The heavy casualties caused by a series of sudden meteorological disasters induced by mountain torrents have put forward higher requirements for monitoring and early warning of sudden meteorological disasters and meteorological services for disaster prevention and mitigation.

  "At this stage, the meteorological risk early warning service for floods and mountain torrents in small and medium-sized river basins induced by heavy rain is carried out. The goal is to dynamically monitor and forecast meteorological signals and symptoms that may cause floods and mountain torrents in small and medium-sized rivers in real time by setting meteorological risk early warning indicators. Once the critical value of early warning indicators is exceeded, risk early warning will be issued and services will be carried out." Chen Zhenlin, Director of Emergency Disaster Reduction and Public Service Department of China Meteorological Bureau, said.

  However, China’s meteorological disaster risk business is still in its infancy, and there is still a certain distance from the requirements for the prevention and control of geological disasters in small and medium-sized rivers. For example, it is difficult to collect basic data, and the key technologies such as the calculation of critical (area) rainfall, the division of risk grade and the extraction of watershed boundary need to be further studied; The temporal and spatial resolution and accuracy of quantitative precipitation forecast and estimation can not meet the needs of meteorological risk early warning service.

  It is understood that while doing a good job in monitoring, forecasting and early warning of meteorological disasters, China Meteorological Bureau has carried out meteorological disaster risk assessment and early warning services, and gradually established a meteorological disaster risk business system integrating meteorological risk survey, risk identification, risk early warning and risk assessment, which has played an active role in meteorological services for disaster prevention and mitigation. Not long ago, China’s meteorological department launched the 2013 storm flood disaster risk survey, which provided basic support for the pilot business of meteorological risk early warning service for small and medium-sized river floods and mountain torrents induced by heavy rains.

  Reducing disaster risk is a long way to go in Xiu Yuan.

  In the context of global warming, it is particularly critical to pay more attention to defending against extreme weather and climate events. Cen Zhiming, director of the Hong Kong Observatory, said that there will be more and more extreme weather in the future, and the risk management of meteorological disasters should be strengthened as soon as possible. The global climate service framework also lists reducing the risk of meteorological disasters as one of the key areas.

  In this regard, Zheng Guoguang stressed: "We must stand at the strategic height of supporting sustainable economic and social development and serving people’s well-being, take broader and more effective measures, attach importance to and strengthen the prevention of extreme weather and climate events, reduce the disaster risk of climate change, and resolve the impact of climate change on natural ecology and economy and society."

  "More attention should be paid to resolving the climate risks of economic and social development." He pointed out that it is necessary to strengthen the study of the occurrence and variation of extreme weather and climate events under the background of global warming; Improve the ability of early warning and forecasting of frequent disasters; Strengthen the risk assessment of meteorological disasters and strictly implement the risk demonstration system of meteorological disasters; Establish meteorological disaster risk transfer mechanism, develop weather index insurance, and rationally use social resources and market mechanisms to reduce meteorological disaster losses; Strengthen popular science propaganda, and enhance the public’s awareness and ability of meteorological disaster prevention and mitigation and coping with climate change.

  Shi Peijun, deputy director of the Expert Committee of the National Disaster Reduction Committee, said that at present, several frontier issues concerned by disaster risk science, including the construction of comprehensive disaster risk evaluation model, the quantitative evaluation model of disaster vulnerability, the rapid evaluation technology and method of catastrophe losses, and the comprehensive disaster risk prevention model, are still very difficult topics for diagnosis and prediction.

  "Natural disaster risk assessment and zoning is a developing discipline and not yet mature." Meteorologist Zhang Guocai said that as far as meteorological disasters are concerned, risk assessment focuses on pointing out what the possible risks are, finding out the critical meteorological conditions that cause disasters, assessing the possible risks of disasters in real time, issuing early warnings and proposing defensive measures; Risk zoning focuses on making urban and rural planning, engineering construction and regional development avoid high-risk areas of meteorological disasters.

  Critical meteorological conditions causing disasters are technical difficulties in meteorological risk assessment and early warning services. Zhang Guocai believes that meteorological disasters should be classified according to the severity of the impact on disaster-bearing bodies, and the critical meteorological conditions that cause disasters should be the necessary and sufficient conditions for the occurrence of meteorological disasters. The risk zoning we need is actually the risk zoning, that is, the exceeding probability zoning of the critical meteorological conditions that cause disasters. When the disaster-prone environment and disaster prevention projects change, it is necessary to re-establish the risk zoning. If human society is already in a high-risk area and it is difficult to move, what engineering measures should be taken to prevent the occurrence of risks and provide scientific basis for the design standards of disaster prevention projects.

  Of course, meteorological disaster risk management also depends on strong legal norms. Qin Dahe pointed out that some administrative regulations and normative documents on meteorological disasters are not high enough in legal effect and pertinence from the demand of strong systematicness, wide coverage and high attention of meteorological disaster risk management. He suggested that the responsibility and obligation of the whole society to participate in meteorological disaster prevention and mitigation should be regulated by law, and the decision-making coordination mechanism with multi-sector participation should be established and improved, and the action mechanism with wide participation of the whole society should be established and improved, so that the meteorological disaster prevention system of "government-led, departmental linkage and social participation" can be more perfect and effective.

  The "last mile" problem of risk early warning has attracted much attention. Jiao Meiyan hopes to extend the risk early warning service to grass-roots townships, villages and key affected areas, and bring the emergency responsible persons at the local governments, functional departments and villages and towns in key areas into the meteorological risk early warning service system. Once the possible occurrence of disasters is detected, the risk early warning service will be provided in time through the means of rural meteorological early warning information release, and the personnel will be transferred in time through the grass-roots meteorological disaster prevention organization system under the government-led mechanism to minimize disaster losses.

  (Editor: Sun Wei)