Guangzhou new residential property fee regulations will be implemented on January 1st next year! Authoritative answers to hot issues →

From January 1, 2024, the Notice on Further Regulating the Residential Property Service Charges in Guangzhou (hereinafter referred to as the "new regulations") issued by Guangzhou Development and Reform Commission, Guangzhou Housing and Urban-Rural Development Bureau and Guangzhou Market Supervision Bureau will be formally implemented.

According to the new regulations, the first-class residential property service fee in Guangzhou should not exceed 2.8 yuan per square meter per month, and the parking space property management fee should not exceed 120 yuan per month. In response to this regulation, many citizens have raised questions about "who has the final say in the standard of residential property fees" and "whether their own property fees have dropped".

Recently, in order to ensure the implementation of the new regulations, the Municipal Development and Reform Commission issued authoritative answers to the hot issues of public concern, responding to public concerns.

1. What items are applicable to the new regulations (including service levels and charging standards) that will take effect on January 1, 2024?

A:According to the second paragraph of Article 29 of the new regulations, from January 1, 2024, if the newly-built ordinary residential construction unit has not hired a property service provider, the service level and charging standard of the ordinary residential property shall be implemented according to the new regulations;

In terms of parking spaces, the pre-property service charging standards for existing and newly-built ordinary residential parking spaces (garages) shall be implemented according to the new regulations.

2, the existing ordinary residential property service charges more than 2.8 yuan/square meter, is it a violation of the policy?

A:No.

If the owners’ meeting has been established, the charges for ordinary residential property services shall be subject to market adjustment. Ordinary residential property service charges that have been jointly decided by the owners shall be implemented according to the standards jointly decided by the owners.

For the newly-built ordinary residential property service charges that have not been set up by the owners’ meeting or decided jointly by the owners, if the construction unit applies before the pre-sale and is approved by the competent price department with management authority, it may also exceed 2.8 yuan/m2/month. Whether the ordinary residential property service has been approved by the competent price department with management authority can be consulted by the development and reform department of the district.

In order to protect the right to know, the house buyer can ask the construction unit to provide information such as the pre-service level, project, content and charging standard in the newly-built residential sales place, and the construction unit should provide relevant information.

3. Does the competent price department have the right to price the property services in different levels? The Civil Code clarifies that the property fees are jointly decided by the owners. Does the new regulation violate the Civil Code?

A:The competent price department may implement the government-guided price for the pre-residential property service charges of ordinary houses.

According to the relevant provisions of the Price Law and Guangdong Pricing Catalogue (2022 Edition), with the authorization of the provincial government, Guangzhou has implemented the government-guided price for the pre-residential property service charges in accordance with the law, and Guangzhou has determined the pre-residential property service charges in this city according to the principle of adapting the charges to the service level.

In addition, it is necessary to distinguish between early property services and property services.

Pre-realty service refers to the realty service provided by the construction unit before the owners and the owners’ congress hire realty service enterprises, which is a special form of realty service. Pre-property service charges have been confirmed by the construction unit and its selected property service providers before the house is sold, and the owners have not produced them at this time.

In order to protect the rights and interests of all owners, before the owners jointly decide on the property service charges, the early property service charges of ordinary houses shall be subject to the government-guided price. If the property service charges are jointly decided by the owners, the government-guided price will be invalid for the project.

4. If after the first owners’ meeting, but no resolution is made on the property service fee, the competent price department with price management authority makes a decision to maintain or reduce it, will it be invalid?

A:After the first owners’ meeting, no matter whether a resolution is made on the property service charge, the government-guided price or the approved maximum price will be invalid for the project, and the owners’ meeting will decide whether to continue to refer to it.

It should be noted that the convening of the owners’ meeting is not a necessary condition for the adjustment of property service charges. According to the Civil Code and Guangzhou Property Management Regulations, the property service charges can also be adjusted upon the joint decision of the owners.

5. If the original industry committee has expired, but a new industry committee has not yet been established, is the government-guided price implemented for the residential property service fee?

A:No.

According to "Guangdong Pricing Catalogue (2022 Edition)", the property service charges of ordinary houses and supporting self-owned parking spaces (garages) after the establishment of the owners’ meeting will be subject to market adjustment prices. After the establishment of the first industry committee, the property service charges of the ordinary residence and supporting self-owned parking spaces (garages) will be subject to market adjustment.

6. A residential area has a first phase, a second phase and a third phase. Are the property service charges in the early stage of residence the same? The project is constructed and accepted separately. Is the property service fee for parking spaces determined by the number of planned parking spaces alone or accumulated by the number of planned parking spaces within a property management area? Some of them are more than 1000, and some of them are not more than 1000. What if some of them are expensive and some of them are low?

A:In the same residential area developed by stages, the property service charges in the early stage of residence may be different. Prior to the joint decision of the owners, the preliminary property service charges shall be executed according to the preliminary property service contract signed by the construction unit and the property service provider according to law.

According to the new regulations, in principle, the number of parking spaces for residential construction shall be confirmed based on the number of parking spaces that have been approved by the planning department (planning opinions or planning acceptance certificates). Separate acceptance, according to the separate acceptance of the planning opinions or planning acceptance certificate of the number of parking spaces.

The new regulations clarify the maximum price of property service charges in the early stage of self-owned parking spaces, and property service providers can determine specific standards according to laws and regulations within the scope of the maximum price according to the actual situation such as whether to operate continuously or not. Owners can also determine the fees with the property service providers through mutual decision.

7. Does the property grade in the new regulations have to meet all conditions before the corresponding service grade can be evaluated? If there is a problem with the quality of property services, who will be responsible for, supervise and identify it?

A:There is no need to evaluate the pre-service level of ordinary residential property in the new regulations.

In the new regulation, the pre-property service level is that the construction unit makes a menu choice of pre-property service according to the characteristics and needs of the project before hiring property service providers. The specific services agreed upon by the construction unit and the pre-selected realty service provider through public bidding shall not be less than (lower than) the service content of the selected level.

According to Article 8 of Guangzhou Property Management Regulations, under the guidance and supervision of the housing administrative department, the property service industry association shall supervise the service quality and behavior of property service providers and their employees.

8. The number of parking spaces for residential buildings is based on the planning opinions or the planning acceptance certificate and the Construction Project Planning Permit. How to obtain these documents?

A:According to "Guangzhou Property Management Regulations" and other regulations, property services companies undertaking inspection should verify the planning conditions and obtain the certificate of completion and acceptance of construction projects. According to the requirements of undertaking inspection, the planning verification opinions of construction projects, etc., shall be confirmed by the property service provider on site and filed.

Owners or users of parking spaces can inquire about the planning opinions or planning acceptance certificates from the property service providers, and the property service providers should take the initiative to disclose the number of parking spaces for ordinary residential buildings.

9. In the same building, there are residential buildings, commercial apartments and shops sharing an underground parking lot. How to define whether it is a self-owned parking space for ordinary residential buildings?

A:According to Article 6 of the Notice of Guangzhou Housing and Urban-Rural Development Bureau on Printing and Distributing the Management Measures of Parking Spaces and Garages for Real Estate Development Projects in Guangzhou (Sui Jian Gui Zi [2019] No.5), if there are houses with different functions such as residence, commerce and office in the building division, the construction unit shall clearly indicate the number and specific location of parking spaces with various functions in the rental and sales plan.

According to Article 20 of the Guangzhou Parking Regulations, if the construction unit rents and sells parking spaces for commercial and residential integrated construction projects, it shall clearly indicate the number and specific location of residential parking spaces in the rental and sales plan.

10. Are all property service companies required to provide owners with six free access cards?

A:No.

From January 1, 2024, the newly-built ordinary residence shall be equipped with 6 access cards for the buyer free of charge according to the intelligent access control system agreed in the planning or sales contract. Ordinary houses that have been delivered for use before, the number of free equipment shall be implemented according to the original regulations.

Wen Zhen reporter Hang Ying correspondent Sui Faxuan

From innocence to life! Decrypt the drug case handling process that lasted nearly four years and seven sessions.

  CCTV News:Not long ago, the Guangdong Higher People’s Court, in the second instance, changed the result of a drug case. The defendant was commuted from innocence to life imprisonment. There is nothing special about this drug case itself, but its trial process is extremely tortuous and difficult. The case has gone through seven sessions in the past four years. From innocence to life, what kind of tortuous experience is behind the verdict?

  Why did the thought change from "zero confession" to writing a confession?

  In July 2019, a letter sent from Panyu District Detention Center in Guangzhou was placed on the desk of He Xiongwei, the prosecutor of Guangdong Provincial People’s Procuratorate. The letter was sent by Liu Youdi, a criminal in a drug trafficking case. She wrote in the letter, "Please meet He Xiongwei. Now I am willing to plead guilty, admit my mistake and truthfully explain the case." Just a month ago, Liu Youdi was sentenced to life imprisonment by the Guangdong Higher People’s Court for drug trafficking. In court, she never pleaded guilty. So what makes her mind change so dramatically now? What kind of waves are behind this drug case?

  On December 21, 2015, the Public Security Bureau of Panyu District, Guangzhou received a report that someone was dealing in drugs near a building in Panyu District. After grasping the clues, the police immediately went to arrest. The location of the arrest was in an alley. After groping, the police quickly found the target vehicle. After exploring the surrounding terrain, they made a detailed plan and launched the arrest operation.

  Police of Panyu Branch of Guangzhou Public Security Bureau:As soon as I walked past, I knocked on the woman’s window. She opened the window. When I opened the window, I saw that she seemed to have left the steering wheel with her hands, and she was still playing with her mobile phone. I felt that it was time. I immediately put my hands in and controlled her hands.

  At that time, the woman in the car did not resist too much, and the arresting personnel quickly controlled her, and other police officers immediately gathered around and searched the vehicle. Soon, they found a bag on the mat in the passenger seat.

  Police of Panyu Branch of Guangzhou Public Security Bureau:Before I opened it, she said that the bag was not mine, and she knew that it must be illegal, so she said that it was not mine.

  The woman who found drugs in the car argued that she was framed.

  After testing, the items contained in the plastic bag extracted by the police from the woman’s car that day were confirmed to be ice, weighing 1000.06 grams. As a result, Panyu police detained the female object Liu Youdi, but in the subsequent trial, she always denied that the bag of ice was her own. Liu Youdi said that she is a Wechat business who is engaged in bird’s nest business. On that day, she took some bird’s nest for her friend Zhou to help sell, and this bag was put in the car when Zhou left. Liu Youdi said that there was an economic dispute between her and Zhou, so she suspected that this bag of drugs was used by Zhou to frame herself.

  In the subsequent investigation, the police also found that just the day before Liu Youdi was arrested, she had been to Shanwei, Guangdong Province, and her own explanation was to go to Shanwei to find someone to buy bird’s nest. Liu Youdi not only refused to admit this series of evidence pointing to her suspected crime, but also had his own set of rhetoric, which also made the prosecutor of Panyu District Procuratorate doubt whether he could approve the arrest.

  Zheng Shaochun, Procurator of Panyu District People’s Procuratorate, Guangzhou:Then at that time, the preliminary judgment was that there was no direct and objective evidence to rule out her excuses, including my own manager’s opinion, and they all tended to say that the case was in doubt and not arrested.

  Get the key words of new evidence to attract the attention of the prosecution

  Seven days is the time limit for the procuratorate to review the arrest. Just as the prosecutor was preparing to make an opinion not to approve the arrest, the public security organ provided new evidence in time, a WeChat record of communication related to Liu Youdi. Among these massive electronic evidence, some key words attracted the attention of the prosecutor.

  Zheng Shaochun, Procurator of Panyu District People’s Procuratorate, Guangzhou:He said that if he was afraid of being arrested by the police or the police, he mentioned some very sensitive words. Also said that you brought me several sets, and mentioned some similar transactions. At that time, after listening to this recording, we strengthened our conviction and should be able to rule out her excuse.

  The case encountered twists and turns when it entered the stage of review and prosecution.

  According to the preliminary investigation and evidence collection, Panyu District People’s Procuratorate approved the arrest of Liu Youdi according to law, and then the case entered the stage of review and prosecution. The prosecutor found that from the chat record, Liu Youdi had a very close relationship with Zhou who appeared in her car on the day of the incident. It should be said that Zhou was also a very key witness in the case. But in the existing evidence, there is no material of her testimony. Under the existing evidence, the procuratorate can only prosecute Liu Youdi for the crime of illegal possession of drugs.

  Wang Chaoxia, Procurator of Panyu District People’s Procuratorate:In this case, through WeChat chat, it can be confirmed that this drug was taken by Liu Youdi from other places. At least there is illegal possession of drugs involved, which can be proved to be Liu Youdi’s. At that time, in the absence of drug buyers, we temporarily transferred the crime of illegal possession of drugs to Panyu District People’s Court for prosecution.

  Obtain the testimony of key witnesses and prosecute for drug trafficking

  In this way, after three court sessions, that is, one year after the crime, the public security organs heard new news. They found the key witness Zhou, and got her transcript materials. In her testimony, Liu Youdi was mentioned to have bought and sold drugs. As a result, the nature of the case changed. So Panyu District People’s Procuratorate changed the charges against Liu Youdi and brought a public prosecution to the court for drug trafficking.

  Wang Chaoxia, Procurator of Panyu District People’s Procuratorate:After the change of prosecution, because the number of drug trafficking has reached more than life imprisonment and reached the standard of upward adjustment, the case was withdrawn after communicating with the court and was raised to the Guangzhou People’s Procuratorate for prosecution.

  The prosecution changed the accusation and waited for the court to hear it.

  After obtaining new evidence, the procuratorate changed from "illegal possession of drugs" to "drug trafficking" and filed a public prosecution with the court. However, the next court trial process was full of twists and turns. In the trial, the first problem is the "zero confession".

  Chen Shufen, Procurator of Guangzhou Municipal People’s Procuratorate:We have studied all the evidence very carefully, and we have formed an inner conviction by synthesizing the evidence of the whole case. The evidence of the whole case should meet the prosecution standard of clear criminal facts and sufficient evidence.

  The accusation is proved guilty through two aspects of evidence.

  In August 2017, the Guangzhou Intermediate People’s Court held a hearing on this drug crime case. In court, the confrontation between the prosecution and the defense was very fierce. Since Liu Youdi did not plead guilty from beginning to end, it is necessary for the procuratorate to charge her with guilt. Work hard on the evidence.

  Chen Shufen, Procurator of Guangzhou Municipal People’s Procuratorate:So to accuse a "zero confession" crime, we need to have a lot of objective evidence to support it, as well as the corresponding verbal evidence, that is, witness testimony. The objective evidence and verbal evidence can form a complete proof system, and in this case, we can identify the crime.

  In the court trial, the prosecutor mainly confirmed each other through objective evidence and verbal evidence, proving that the case has reached the standard of clear facts and sufficient evidence, and can eliminate reasonable doubt, which is enough to confirm Liu Youdi’s conviction for drug trafficking.

  Defender insists on innocent defense and questions witness testimony.

  On the other hand, Liu Youdi’s defenders insisted on pleading not guilty. They believed that the public security organs did not collect evidence from the witness Zhou until one year after the crime, and many contents in the testimony were inconsistent with what the witness said in court. The defenders questioned the authenticity of this witness’s testimony. They thought that Zhou might lie and could not rule out the situation that she framed Liu Youdi.

  The facts are unclear and the evidence is insufficient.

  On February 2, 2018, the Guangzhou Intermediate People’s Court pronounced the case in the first instance. The court held that the evidence on which the defendant Liu Youdi constituted the crime of drug trafficking did not form a complete proof system, did not meet the legal proof standard of sufficient evidence, and did not meet the conviction requirements of clear basic facts and conclusive basic evidence, and could not rule out reasonable doubt. According to relevant laws, the defendant Liu Youdi was acquitted.

  The prosecution filed a protest to supplement the corresponding evidence.

  After the verdict of the first instance came out, the prosecutors also began to reflect. They reorganized the evidence materials of this case and thought that although the witness testimony in court was repeated, the evidence of the case did not change fundamentally. As long as the relevant evidence was reinforced, the case could still reach the conviction standard of clear criminal facts and sufficient evidence, so the Guangzhou People’s Procuratorate decided to lodge a protest against this case.

  Chen Shufen, Procurator of Guangzhou Municipal People’s Procuratorate:For this case, we feel that we should be convicted and then acquitted. We also feel that the evidence is sufficient, and our prosecution is supported by evidence and has a legal basis. In this case, we feel it is necessary to push this lawsuit forward. It is by protesting this litigation procedure that this second trial procedure is pulled.

  After the protest opinions were reported step by step, they were supported by the Guangdong Provincial People’s Procuratorate and the Supreme People’s Procuratorate. At the same time, the Guangdong Provincial People’s Procuratorate also put forward some suggestions to strengthen the relevant evidence.

  How does the prosecution consolidate the evidence when entering the second trial stage?

  The case entered the second trial stage, and it was handed over to He Xiongwei, deputy director of the First Procuratorate of Guangdong Provincial People’s Procuratorate. However, in his view, this case still needs to be strengthened in some evidence.

  After taking over the case, the prosecutor He Xiongwei quickly entered the marking work. At the same time, he also browsed the relevant reports about the case online, and some netizens’ doubts about the case coincided with his thoughts.

  He Xiongwei, Deputy Director of the First Procuratorial Department of Guangdong Provincial People’s Procuratorate:I also saw some comments at that time. Many netizens said that the suspected crime never ensured that the innocent people would not be investigated by law. Whose one kilogram of drugs was it? There must be a drug crime in it. You let this man go, then who should be responsible for this kilo of drugs?

  Who should be responsible for this kilogram of drugs? It is also the fact that the prosecutor He Xiongwei wants to find out. Liu Youdi said that he went to Shanwei to buy bird’s nest the day before the incident. After consulting all the files, he questioned Liu Youdi’s remarks.

  He Xiongwei, Deputy Director of the First Procuratorial Department of Guangdong Provincial People’s Procuratorate:Bird’s nest is counted by one lamp. She said how many, and then there were a lot of drug code words. For example, she mentioned that I’m not afraid of being detected by the police, and I don’t take drugs.

  These inferences of the prosecutor need to be proved by more solid evidence. If there is no stronger evidence, it is still very difficult to change the judgment of the case.

  Prosecutors lead the way to find drugs to go home.

  After reviewing the files repeatedly, He Xiongwei found a person, a key breakthrough. He analyzed that if Liu Youdi went to Shanwei to buy drugs, then the man she contacted in Shanwei at that time, who was called "Lao Chen", was probably her family. Coincidentally, in another drug crime case handled by He Xiongwei, the name "Lao Chen" also appeared.

  He Xiongwei, Deputy Director of the First Procuratorial Department of Guangdong Provincial People’s Procuratorate:It happened that I was lucky enough to handle another case, which was a drug trafficking gang. In the process of reviewing the case file, I found that all four people in this case identified a person named "Lao Chen". At that time, I thought about the case of Liu Youdi, whose last family was also called "Lao Chen".

  After in-depth investigation, He Xiongwei found that the "Lao Chen" in these two unrelated cases were very similar. They both lived in Shanwei, and many characteristics were consistent. More and more evidence proved that the two "Lao Chen" were the same person. So, He Xiongwei immediately informed the public security organs to investigate this "old Chen" in depth, and at the same time, he also asked the court to take Liu Youdi, who had been released on bail pending trial, into custody.

  He Xiongwei, Deputy Director of the First Procuratorial Department of Guangdong Provincial People’s Procuratorate:We also issued an official letter suggesting that the provincial court arrest her. The provincial court made a decision to arrest after the collegial panel’s deliberation and approval.

  “preceding player (in card or mahjong playing)"Arrested to grasp the core evidence of the case.

  Soon, with the cooperation of public security departments at all levels, the criminal suspect Chen Mou was arrested in Shanwei. After investigation, the criminal evidence of drug trading between Chen Mou and Liu Youdi also surfaced. In this way, the key evidence of this case was finally found. In the second trial, this evidence also became the core evidence against Liu Youdi for drug trafficking. In the trial of the second instance of Guangdong Higher People’s Court, the prosecutor presented several sets of evidence to prove that Liu Youdi had the fact of selling drugs, but in the face of these evidences, Liu Youdi once again argued that he was innocent for various reasons.

  On June 14, 2019, the Guangdong Higher People’s Court pronounced the case in the second instance. The court held that, in view of the fact that Liu Youdi had been found guilty of drug trafficking in the second instance, the Guangdong Provincial People’s Procuratorate’s protest against Liu Youdi’s request for a revised sentence for drug trafficking was found to be sufficient and adopted. Therefore, the court revoked the acquittal of the first instance and considered that Liu Youdi constituted a drug trafficking crime.

  The trial of the case ended, but the prosecutor’s heart was still unresolved.

  This case was changed from innocence to life imprisonment, which made all the judicial personnel who worked hard feel very relieved, but prosecutor He Xiongwei still had a knot in his heart, that is, Liu Youdi never admitted his guilt.

  Before the trial of the second instance, He Xiongwei went to Panyu several times to interrogate Liu Youdi. Although she never pleaded guilty in court, on July 9, 2019, less than one month after the verdict of the second instance was pronounced, she wrote such a letter in Panyu District Detention Center, saying that she wanted to see the prosecutor He Xiongwei and expressed her willingness to admit her crimes. Liu Youdi said that she had a boyfriend who was a wealthy businessman. Since she had no source of income, her boyfriend gave her some money to do some business. But she spent the money elsewhere.

  Criminal Liu Youdi:Gave me money, and then I didn’t do business, so I renovated the house without telling him. After decorating the house, I bought all kinds of materials, leaving hundreds of thousands like this.

  The rest of the money, in Liu Youdi’s view, can’t do any big business. She was too embarrassed to talk to her boyfriend again, so she turned to her friend for help, so the other party found her a so-called crooked way to make money.

  Criminal Liu Youdi:She told me to introduce you to a way to make money quickly. I asked her what it was, and she said selling drugs.

  I was lucky enough not to plead guilty, but now I regret it.

  Liu Youdi, who was not aware of the law, was persuaded by her friends and contacted her last family, Chen Mou. She drove to Shanwei the day before the murder, bought methamphetamine from Chen Mou and returned to Guangzhou overnight, and then prepared to help sell it through her friends, but she was not expected to be arrested by the police soon. In court, Liu Youdi insisted on not pleading guilty with luck, but now, facing the prosecutor, she regrets her original choice very much.

  Criminal Liu Youdi:I really regret not pleading guilty at that time. At that time, I still stood very hard. I really regret that at that time, including the presiding judge, including giving me this opportunity to speak my mind, just tell me that you can plead guilty and get this lighter punishment.

  With Liu Youdi’s own confession of the crime, this drug case, which has gone through nearly four years and seven sessions, has finally come to an end, and the protest of this case is precisely that the procuratorial organ resolutely performs its legal supervision function and strives to make the people feel fair and just in every judicial case.

  Shen Bingyou, Director of the Second Procuratorial Department of Guangdong Provincial People’s Procuratorate:If there is a mistake, it must be corrected. This mistake includes not only that those who should not be convicted are convicted, but also that those who should be convicted are not convicted. This mistake must be corrected is two-way, not simply one-sided understanding. Because fighting crime and protecting human rights are the dual responsibilities of procuratorial organs, and both are indispensable.

Can you judge a professor if you teach well? How many "brushes" do you need to be a professor?

Li Dadong, an academician of China Academy of Engineering, teaches students. Hu Qingming photo/bright picture

  Jiang Huasong, who is 54 years old and has been teaching for 33 years, was finally awarded a professor not long ago.

  Different from the well-known "in the evaluation of university titles, scientific research achievements and the number of papers are the most important", the teacher of Science College of Nanjing Forestry University, who has been an associate professor for 12 years, opened the door to "professor" with "no paper, no scientific research, all relying on the performance and achievements of classroom teaching at ordinary times".

  Today, colleges and universities in China are generally criticized for "emphasizing scientific research over teaching". This incident was interpreted by the media as "you can be a professor without a paper" and quickly boarded a hot search. Many netizens, teachers and scholars praised the title evaluation policy of Nanlinda University, believing that classified evaluation and giving full play to talents can promote the improvement of teaching quality in colleges and universities, change the argument that "teaching well is better than writing well" and "open up a new channel for the evaluation of professional titles in colleges and universities" and "is the general trend".

  But with the fermentation and spread of things, more doubts followed.

  In the past few days, more than one teacher told reporters that teaching, scientific research and social service are the three major responsibilities of professors, and one of them cannot be neglected; Teaching without research is not deep, and teaching without scientific research does not conform to the law of the development of higher education today. Some scholars even bluntly said, "Comment on ‘ Teaching professor ’ It is misleading to the public. "

  Why did this incident cause such a controversy in academic circles? The reporter interviewed college teachers in depth, truthfully reflected their voices and voices, and hoped that this would lead to more thoughts on the evaluation of college professional titles.

  Argument 1 What is a professor?

  [Reporter’s observation]: The reason why "you don’t need a paper to judge a professor" causes controversy lies in the different understanding of the word "professor". Wang Hao, president of Nanlin University, said that this initiative was launched because "the most important task of a university is to teach and educate people. Scientific research is important, but it is more important to let teachers return to their teaching duties". This has attracted a lot of spit: "Professor" is originally an academic title, and it is not a professor without doing research.

  What is "professor"? Can only good teaching be qualified as a university professor?

  ● Positive: Teachers should return to their teaching duties.

  Chen Feng (pseudonym), a lecturer at a university in Shanxi:

  I am a university teacher who teaches public courses, and I like the professional title evaluation regulations of "teaching professor" in Nanlin University.

  Since I first joined the company, I have been constantly reminded by "experienced people" that teaching is a conscientious job, and class is almost enough. The key is to hand out enough papers. For a long time, the evaluation of professional titles in domestic colleges and universities is mostly based on scientific research results, and teaching only needs to complete the class hours. Influenced by this "baton", many teachers spend most of their energy on scientific research, but only regard teaching as a "public task". "Teaching is better than writing well" and "Scientific research is a private land and teaching is a public field" are also circulating in colleges and universities. Especially for basic courses such as mathematics and foreign languages, teachers have taken on a lot of teaching tasks, so it is difficult to have leisure time to study scientific research. In addition, what was originally taught was some classical theoretical knowledge systems, so it was difficult to make a breakthrough in scientific research. Over time, the kung fu of scientific research was left behind.

  Teaching and educating people is the greatest duty of teachers, and it needs to be emphasized today. In recent years, in addition to professional title evaluation, many universities have also introduced teaching bonuses, which is a good signal. Only by making it easier for those teachers who devote themselves to teaching and specialize in teaching to promote their professional titles can we stimulate the enthusiasm of the teaching staff to the maximum extent and promote the resonance of teaching and scientific research at the same frequency. This is the general trend and the aspiration of the people.

  ○ Against: University professors must engage in scientific research.

  Wu Zunmin, a professor at East China Normal University:

  It is simply unreasonable to "evaluate professors without a paper". University professors must engage in scientific research, and they can evaluate "senior lecturers" only by giving lectures without research, but they must never evaluate professors.

  It is undeniable that teaching is one of the basic responsibilities of university teachers, and attending classes is the basic skill of university professors. However, as the highest academic title of a university, "professor" has only one standard in the world, that is, not only to teach first-class, but also to conduct profound scientific research and lead growth — — Teaching, scientific research and service are the three major responsibilities of professors, and any emphasis on one of them while ignoring the others will lower the standards of professors.

  "Professor" comes from Latin, which originally means an expert in the field of art and science, and now it is the highest academic title in colleges and universities in the world. Its implication is simple, that is, in colleges and universities, the primary task of professors is to engage in innovative research in their respective disciplines and offer courses for undergraduate and graduate students. Compared with lecturers and associate professors, professors have more important significance in their leading role, having profound insights into the research frontiers and existing problems of the discipline, reflecting the pursuit of profound knowledge and leading the development direction of the discipline. Only in this way can professors play their due role and truly lead the growth of students and young teachers.

  Of course, I’m not denying that the professor has to attend classes. Today, what we want to advocate is that professors should lead the team of teachers to improve the teaching ability, academic level and team spirit of young people. My ideal is such a state: the basic courses of undergraduates can be mainly undertaken by lecturers and associate professors, and guided by professors; The courses for postgraduate students are undertaken by associate professors and the courses for doctoral students are undertaken by professors, thus forming a three-level structure, in which lecturers are trained, associate professors are the link between the preceding and the following, and professors lead, which will not affect the scientific research level of colleges and universities and will not "kill the professors".

  Debate 2: Are teaching and research complementary or mutually exclusive?

  [Reporter’s observation]: What is implied in the debate about "what is a professor" is actually a dispute over the relationship between teaching and scientific research. In recent years, the call for professors to teach undergraduate students is deafening, and the debate about whether universities should focus on scientific research or teaching is heated up. During the interview, more than one teacher complained to reporters that too many class hours made him too busy for scientific research; Some teachers also believe that teaching will distract their scientific research energy and they can only "choose what is more important for their own development". But there are also many people who believe that without academic research, one’s teaching cannot achieve Excellence; "Teaching without scientific research is an education without views and soul".

  How to treat teaching and scientific research? Are teaching and research complementary or mutually exclusive?

  ● Positive: Teachers’ energy is limited, and "teaching" will inevitably lead to "scientific research".

  Tommy (pseudonym), a lecturer at a university in Beijing:

  I don’t think scientific research and teaching have a particularly direct relationship in a sense. It must be admitted that there are differences between different teachers, some are good at teaching, some are good at scientific research, and a few people can go hand in hand with teaching and scientific research. In my growing experience, many times a good teacher is not a good researcher, and a good researcher’s evaluation score is very low.

  There are examples. A previous survey on the School of Business and Economics of Maastricht University showed that in the undergraduate stage, the teaching of top researchers can’t improve the performance of undergraduates, and the role of these scholars will only be reflected in the postgraduate courses. From the feedback of students, they will not give these top researchers higher teaching evaluation scores. Even many undergraduate students give the best researchers in the school a score lower than the average of the school.

  There are two reasons for this: First, compared with basic research, teaching is a completely different skill. The former needs to study, while the latter needs to learn from others, need special teaching skills and methods, establish close relationships with students, etc. Few people have the same excellent quality in scientific research and teaching; Second, the existing orientation makes teachers often "pay more attention to scientific research than teaching" — — "No time for scientific research" has become the most common state around me, and many teachers are unwilling to participate in teaching evaluation activities. "All-staff scientific research" is the truest portrayal of China University.

  Teachers’ energy is limited, and "teaching" is bound to lose "scientific research". Therefore, I think it is necessary to set up two professional title evaluation and employment systems, namely, "research professor" and "teaching professor", so that every teacher can find his own development space and get treatment that matches his value.

  ○ Counterparty: Teaching without the guidance of scientific research ideas cannot be regarded as "university teaching".

  Guo Yingjian, a professor at Renmin University of China:

  At present, there are many misunderstandings or misunderstandings about the relationship between teaching and scientific research in universities in China. The first is to treat teaching and scientific research in opposition. But in fact, in the world, all kinds of colleges and universities have put forward much higher requirements for the scientific research of "professors". Teaching without the guidance of scientific research ideas cannot be regarded as "university teaching".

  In the United States, even teaching-oriented liberal arts colleges pay more and more attention to teachers’ scientific research ability and the publication of their achievements. In May 2014, Academy, the publication of American Association of University Professors, published a research result, which showed that scientific research and the publication of teachers’ scientific research results played an increasingly important role in teachers’ evaluation, even in teaching-centered liberal arts colleges. These researchers choose four-year colleges of arts and sciences because these universities generally focus on teaching, while those research universities pay more attention to research and publication.

  Scientific research promotes teaching, which is not only conducive to teachers’ innovative teaching, but also conducive to the cultivation of students’ critical thinking. It has been suggested that the times are changing rapidly, and only those teachers who are engaged in academic research have the ability to acquire and exchange the latest knowledge with students. As far as teachers are concerned, only research-oriented teachers can better choose the content of lectures, know what important topics and concepts to choose, and spread knowledge to students in a more appropriate way. Many foreign universities believe that academic research by teachers is also attractive to students. Students’ participation in scientific research or academic research has become the norm of undergraduate education in many foreign universities.

  Debate 3: Can professors "rule by type"?

  [Reporter’s observation]: In fact, Nanlinda is not the first person to "eat crabs". As early as ten years ago, "teaching professors" entered the institutional level of domestic universities one after another. In this regard, some commentators believe that "teaching-oriented professor" is conducive to solving the imbalance between scientific research and teaching, to the selection of university talents and the optimal allocation of human resources, and to the formation of school-running characteristics of universities according to their own characteristics. However, some people object that university professors cannot be "governed by different types" and that "teaching-oriented professors" are subjective fabrications that do not conform to the law of higher education development.

  ● Pro: "Teaching-oriented professor" redefines "academic"

  Professor Li Qi of Beijing Normal University:

  Since the end of World War II, in many countries with developed higher education, the attention paid to scientific research has far exceeded the attention paid to teaching, and even had a negative impact on the fundamental mission of talent training in colleges and universities. In this context, developed countries, led by the United States, began to reaffirm the core mission of teaching. Among them, Ernest Boyer wrote in Academic Reflection — — The report "Priority of Teaching Work" puts forward that "academic" should be redefined, and the new "academic" should contain four interrelated aspects, including "discovery, synthesis, application and teaching". To some extent, this academic idea reconciled the contradiction between scientific research and teaching, and also integrated them together. As a matter of fact, as long as university administrators allow, professors can choose one of the above four disciplines in teaching, scientific research and social services, develop relevant literacy, and thus become qualified professors.

  It can be imagined that even if there is no "teaching professor", the main responsibility of teachers should be teaching in teaching-oriented colleges whose core mission is teaching. But this does not necessarily mean that teachers in teaching-oriented colleges do not need to carry out scientific research. Under the new definition of "academic", what to teach, how to teach, who will teach and who will learn are teaching problems that need to be studied, and they are professional problems. However, under the current college environment and professional title evaluation system, these problems have become management problems. Only by reducing management problems to professional problems, allowing teachers to solve specific professional problems through school-based research and guiding teachers to participate in school-based teaching research and evaluation can we achieve the goal of encouraging teachers to continuously improve teaching quality.

  ○ Counterparty: "Teaching-oriented professor" can only be "the product of historical transition period"

  Guo Yingjian, a professor at Renmin University of China:

  "Teaching-oriented professor" is only a product of the transitional period, and discussions like this and their topics — — That is, "can you judge a professor without a paper?" It’s just a transitional topic. Because this is actually a problem left over from history, that is, there are some (even a large number of) scholars born after 50, 60 or even 70. Before or after they entered colleges and universities, they did not study for a doctorate or the highest degree in related industries because of historical or personal reasons, because they did not pay enough attention to scientific research because of their biased understanding, or they were not interested in scientific research, or their scientific research ability was limited. Some of them hardly engaged in scientific research, but their teaching level was very high. However, this phenomenon will hardly appear again in the process of the growth of scholars after 75 and 80 — — Because they don’t have a doctor’s degree or the highest degree in related industries, they don’t have strict academic research training, and they don’t have corresponding scientific research results, so they can’t enter colleges and universities at all.

  Personally, I think that university professors can’t "rule by type". In my opinion, universities can’t have professors who only teach and don’t do scientific research, nor can they have professors who only do scientific research and don’t engage in teaching — — It’s interesting that this type of professor exists in many colleges and universities now, but it is rarely discussed. The reason is very simple, the responsibility of the title of professor — — Teaching, scientific research and service should be indispensable. The "teaching-oriented professor" implemented in China universities at present is an expedient measure to solve the problems left over from history, and it is believed that it will gradually disappear in the future, which is not the "general trend".

  Argument 4 How to evaluate "excellent teaching ability"

  [Reporter’s observation]: Among many debates, there is also a focus on how to evaluate "teaching Excellence". According to reports, there are two evaluation dimensions in the selection of "teaching professors" by Nanlin University: teacher-student evaluation and classroom quality expert evaluation. The evaluation of teachers and students is made up of the data collected by the school’s student affairs office from the graduates’ teaching activities in the past five years. The expert evaluation of classroom quality is conducted by the Academic Affairs Office, without teachers’ knowledge, by randomly grabbing three 45-minute teaching videos from the previous year’s teaching videos, and organizing at least three national or provincial-level teaching masters outside the school, as well as on-campus teaching supervision, etc. In this regard, some people think that this is a return to the initial heart and origin of teaching, giving the right to judge to students and peers; However, it has also been pointed out that "teaching Excellence" should be reflected in its popularization and reproducibility, rather than just being decided by the students in their own classes.

  ● Positive: Teaching should speak with classroom quality.

  Chu Zhaohui, a researcher at China Academy of Educational Sciences:

  At the present stage of development of universities in China, I think it is necessary to evaluate some teaching-oriented professors, and the key issue is how to evaluate them. At present, colleges and universities have not reached a consensus, but it must be recognized that teaching-oriented professors cannot be regarded as "professors with low scientific research level" and "professors who do not write papers", or they need to be evaluated from their functions.

  In this regard, the practice of Nanlin University is still good. The core essence is that teaching should speak with classroom quality, especially by adding the link of attending lectures or watching teaching videos, and inviting national or provincial famous teachers and school supervisors to comment, which can effectively ensure that people who are really good at teaching can be screened out.

  However, I think it is necessary to clearly distinguish the boundary between student evaluation and teacher evaluation, and use teacher-student evaluation scientifically: due to the limitation of students’ knowledge level, student evaluation is more about evaluating teachers’ attitude and their own learning feelings, rather than teachers’ professional level; Teachers and experts should pay more attention to professional evaluation, and ensure that authoritative experts generally recognized by teachers form a third-party evaluation agency to maintain the authority and credibility of the system.

  ○ Counterparty: "Excellent teaching ability", and the bottom line of scientific research cannot be broken.

  Tang Bin, Associate Professor of Southwest University:

  I don’t think that public teachers don’t have the time and space to do scientific research, and "teaching professors" don’t need to issue papers. Students and peers are indispensable for the evaluation of "excellent teaching ability", but the evaluation of professors must have a considerable level of scientific research, and this bottom line cannot be broken.

  From my own experience, I feel that scientific research and teaching are "separated" in the first two years. At this stage, a lot of time is spent in the process of preparing lessons, getting familiar with teaching materials, making courseware, and repeatedly modifying teaching design. There is not much real scientific research. But after this stage, you will find that the existing knowledge reserve, teaching methods and teaching design can’t meet the requirements of high-quality courses, but can only say that the knowledge is spoken out. From then on, scientific research and teaching have interacted and started to promote each other — — To teach a course well, teachers need to constantly delve into problems and break through the original knowledge pattern, which will form a process of "looking for scientific research in teaching and feeding back teaching with the results of scientific research or phased results".

  Therefore, I think that the current evaluation dimension of "excellent teaching ability" is more important than not losing scientific research, but this kind of scientific research can be more reflected in teaching research, as well as the replicability, popularization and influence of teaching experience, such as publishing teaching reform papers, participating in teaching reform projects, and obtaining teaching results.

  Debate 5: Can the teaching indicators of different levels and types of universities be different?

  [Reporter’s observation]: As of June this year, there were 2,956 institutions of higher learning in China. During the interview, some teachers said that more than 2,000 universities should be divided into levels and functions, and China does not need so many research universities. In non-research universities, professional title evaluation should pay more attention to teaching or achievement transformation; In this regard, some people also expressed strong opposition, saying that no matter what type or level of colleges and universities, the scientific research skills of "professors" must not be lost.

  Can the evaluation index and orientation of professional titles in different levels and types of universities be different?

  ● Positive: The evaluation of professional titles should move from "a ruler" to distinctive and differentiated.

  Li Huadong (pseudonym), a staff member of the Personnel Department of a university in Jiangsu;

  My college is a national demonstrative higher vocational college. I think that the evaluation criteria of professional titles in different levels and types of colleges and universities are different, and we can’t "measure everything with one ruler" but have characteristics and differences.

  In Jiangsu, in fact, many colleges and universities have started reforms like Nanlin University. On the basis of fully considering the diversity of teachers, all colleges and universities have formulated professional title evaluation methods that are suitable for the actual situation of teachers in each school according to the differences in disciplines and types. As we evaluate professors in vocational colleges, we should pay more attention to the classroom effect, social contribution, the effectiveness of the transformation of achievements, or even more, instead of judging heroes by scientific research achievements, as in research universities such as Peking University and Tsinghua.

  ○ Counterparty: Teaching, scientific research and social services, the "three brushes" of professors must not be lost.

  Cheng Fangping, a professor at Renmin University of China:

  I think that no matter what type and level of colleges and universities, the orientation of professor evaluation is the same, that is, teaching, scientific research and social service can not be lost. Only in different levels and types of colleges and universities, the specific indicators or manifestations of the above three points are different.

  The first thing in university education is to teach professionally, the second is to explore unknown fields, and the third is to serve the society, regardless of ancient and modern times. Therefore, even in some application-oriented universities, teachers also need scientific research to study how to explore and spread outside the teaching materials. It’s just that there are academic research, practical research and practical research, and research-oriented and applied universities have their own research paths. Some of these are new discoveries and inventions, and some are the transformation of existing achievements, but this must not be ignored because of the different types and levels of universities. It should also be noted that today, we can not only emphasize that teaching-oriented teachers should attach importance to scientific research, but also emphasize that teachers who are good at research should attach importance to the improvement of teaching methods, and they can have different weights in different series of evaluation and employment standards, but teaching and scientific research must be evaluation dimensions and are indispensable.

  (Reporter Deng Hui)

Blowing the Horn of "Strengthening Teachers" —— Review of 2022 Teacher Education Hotspots

A series of measures to "strengthen teachers" sounded the horn of accelerating the construction of teachers in basic education, and also gave the best answer to "how to strengthen teachers" in the new era.

  Source | China Teachers’ Daily, December 28th, 13th edition.

  Author | Our reporter Huang Hao

  Education is the foundation of a country and a strong country. Report to the 20th CPC National Congress emphasized that education, science and technology and talents are the basic and strategic supports for building a socialist modern country in an all-round way. The report makes special arrangements for "running a satisfactory education for the people", highlighting the basic, leading and overall status of education.

  Teachers are the first resource for the development of education — — In 2018, the Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Comprehensively Deepening the Reform of Teachers’ Team Construction in the New Era was released, which once again emphasized the extreme importance of teachers to education.

  Promoting the high-quality development of education in the new era with the construction of high-quality teachers is undoubtedly the logical way to promote the education power. How to strengthen the teacher? Following this logical thread, to build a team of high-quality professional and innovative teachers, it is urgent for us to build a world-class teacher education system with China characteristics, which has also become a new mission of teacher education in the new era.

  Looking back on 2022, around the mission of teacher education, the Ministry of Education and other eight departments issued the "Strong Teacher Plan for Basic Education in the New Era" (referred to as "Strong Teacher Plan"). Focusing on the plan of strengthening teachers, the collaborative quality improvement plan of normal education has been implemented rapidly, the training of normal students in the "excellent teacher plan" has been strengthened, and the training documents for primary school science teachers have been issued … … A series of measures to "strengthen teachers" sounded the horn of accelerating the construction of teachers in basic education, and also gave the best answer to "how to strengthen teachers" in the new era.

  The plan of strengthening teachers was introduced to find a "fulcrum" for the construction of teachers.

  The introduction of the "Strong Teacher Program" coincides with the fifth year of the "Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Comprehensively Deepening the Reform of Teacher Team Construction in the New Era", and it is also the "Action Plan for Revitalizing Teacher Education (2018— 2022) The last year of implementation.

  "China education in the new era needs to build a high-quality education system. High-quality education cannot be separated from high-quality teachers, and high-quality education system cannot be separated from high-quality teacher education system. Therefore, it is timely to introduce the strong teacher program at the current time node, which is of great significance to the times. " Li Zhengtao, director and professor of the Institute of Basic Education Reform and Development of East China Normal University, said.

  Focusing on perfecting the characteristic teacher education system in China, perfecting the training mechanism of high-level teachers, strengthening the construction of rural teachers, improving the governance level of teachers, and promoting the digital construction of teachers, the plan for strengthening teachers has put forward 15 specific measures, including building a foundation to improve quality, making up for the weak, making the best and building the strong, covering all dimensions of teacher education, which is typical and systematic.

  As an outline document, the plan of strengthening teachers first puts forward "strengthening training and perfecting the teacher education system with China characteristics", which is one of the weak links of teacher education in China and a topic that many teachers’ education experts and researchers are eagerly concerned about.

  In recent years, the state has continuously increased its investment in teacher education. At present, 215 normal colleges and more than 500 non-normal colleges have participated in teacher training, basically forming a teacher education system with China characteristics. However, the level of running a normal university and the level of guarantee still need to be strengthened, and the conditions for running a normal university need to be improved. It is against this background that the National Development and Reform Commission supports about 50 normal universities to strengthen the construction of teaching and research facilities, and supports each university to invest 100 million yuan in the central budget.

  Under the double blessing of policy and funds, how to build a perfect teacher education system? Zhong Binglin, a member of the National Education Advisory Committee and a professor at Beijing Normal University, suggested that according to the 14th Five-Year Plan, we should give full play to the main role of normal universities in teacher training, encourage comprehensive universities to hold teacher education, and encourage high-level engineering colleges to carry out vocational education for teachers.

  Liu Yichun, an academician of China Academy of Sciences and president of Northeast Normal University, pointed out that to improve the overall quality of teachers, it is necessary to improve the system of teacher education: first, to improve the quality of students through the policy attraction mechanism; second, to improve the quality of excellent teachers and educator teachers through the reform of the training mode of normal universities; and third, to improve the quality of development through on-the-job experience and vocational training.

  In short, vertically, pre-service training and post-service training of teachers need to be integrated and strengthened; In the horizontal direction, teachers’ education institutions in normal universities and comprehensive universities need to intensify reforms in training mode and discipline construction.

  Today, the curtain of reform has been opened. The long-term goal listed in the plan of strengthening teachers is to build an open, coordinated and linked high-level teacher education system to meet the requirements of educational modernization and building an educational power by 2035. Imagine the future, this scene is not far away from us.

  Part of the layout of the report on the plan of strengthening teachers in China Teachers’ Newspaper

  Cooperate to improve quality and speed up, and help normal education to be stronger and more specialized.

  Normal university is the main source of teacher training and the main position of teacher education. How to better train normal students, improve the quality of teacher training, and let the best talents train better people? Building a strong normal college is the meaning of the title.

  The plan of strengthening teachers proposes to implement the collaborative quality improvement plan of normal education and focus on the construction of weak normal colleges.

  In 2022, as the landing of the plan of strengthening teachers, the collaborative quality improvement plan of normal education was officially launched, led by 10 high-level normal colleges such as Beijing Normal University and East China Normal University, and some provincial higher-level normal colleges participated as "collaborative assistance" colleges to jointly help weak normal colleges. This plan covers 72 normal colleges across the country.

  In the past 40 years, the dispute between the integration of normal universities and the nature of normal universities has not been cut off. Some weak normal universities have turned to comprehensive schools, and the training of normal students has been weakened. The collaborative quality improvement plan of normal education emphasizes returning to the initial heart of normal education and focusing on the main business of normal education, which also brings new opportunities to the development of local weak normal colleges.

  Since June, 2022, ten groups of the collaborative quality improvement plan for normal education have held joint meetings one after another, which has started a series of assistance work.

  In Hunan Normal University, starting from July 2022, the training course on improving the ability of young and middle-aged key teachers in weak colleges undertaken by Hunan Normal University, the first summer social practice activity led by the Youth League Committee of Fujian Normal University, and the training course for key teachers in rural primary schools jointly undertaken by Hunan Normal University and Ningxia Normal University started one after another, which opened the learning curtain for college students in the group. In order to better serve the development of weak normal universities, "teacher training bases" have sprung up in the recipient universities Hunan First Normal University, huaihua university and Ningxia Normal University.

  In the delegation of Southwest University, Southwest University took the lead in organizing and participating in the "one-on-one" in-depth discussion and exchange between helping universities and recipient universities, and doing a good job in helping weak normal universities from strengthening the construction of teachers, focusing on the construction of disciplines and specialties, and improving the management and development level of schools. In the future, the group universities will also make great efforts to jointly develop online course resources, joint teaching and research, promote subject teaching and teachers’ common development, actively carry out large-scale academic forums and expert reports, and promote the high-quality development of teacher education in seven universities.

  Although affected by the epidemic, the development of group work has encountered certain obstacles. However, after overcoming many difficulties, many colleges and universities have gained growth and forged friendship in the process of practical assistance.

  "Due to cooperation, we have forged a deep affection with Ningxia Normal University, laying a solid foundation for cooperation in implementing the collaborative quality improvement plan." The relevant person in charge of Fujian Normal University said. Wang Mingbo, a cadre of Hexi College who was sent to Southwest University, said, "The package of assistance projects of Southwest University College of Literature in terms of teacher training, academic leadership and quality improvement, discipline construction guidance, professional certification, etc. can really be described as a timely help."

  It can be predicted that the collaborative quality improvement plan of normal education, which began in 2022, will improve the supply quality of basic education teachers from the source. Of course, collaborative quality improvement is not only "helping the weak", but also promoting the collaborative "win-win" development mechanism of normal education in China.

  "High-level normal universities are not pure exporters and contributors. Young teachers in these universities form a partnership with young teachers in upgrading normal universities through teaching, research, curriculum co-construction, cooperative research or training … … Collaborative quality improvement is a holistic development action of China’s normal education system. " Zhao Jian, secretary of the Party branch of the Teacher Development College of East China Normal University and head of the expert working group of the collaborative quality improvement plan for normal education, said.

  Part of the layout of China Teachers’ Newspaper’s report on the collaborative quality improvement plan of normal education

  "Excellent Teacher Plan" and "Expansion" to cultivate "tomorrow’s teachers" rooted in the countryside

  "I hope you will continue to uphold ‘ Learn to be a teacher and behave in the world ’ Our school motto, cherish time, study hard, sharpen our character, increase our ability to preach, teach and solve doubts, go where the motherland and the people need it most after graduation, and strive to be satisfied with the party and the people ‘ Siyou ’ A good teacher contributes to the cultivation of socialist builders and successors with all-round development of morality, intelligence, physique and beauty. " On September 7, 2022, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader sent a reply to the normal students of the "Excellent Teacher Program" of Beijing Normal University, which aroused strong repercussions in the education sector.

  The "excellent teacher plan" refers to the "directional training plan for outstanding teachers in underdeveloped areas in the central and western regions". Starting from 2021, normal universities directly under the Ministry of Education and local normal colleges will take a directional approach to train about 10,000 undergraduate normal students for primary and secondary schools in 832 poverty-stricken counties and land border counties in the central and western regions every year. On the eve of Teachers’ Day in 2022, the representatives of normal students in the "Excellent Teacher Program" of Beijing Normal University wrote to the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader, reporting the learning gains since entering the school and expressing their determination to take root in teaching and educating people at the grassroots level after graduation.

  "I will return to my hometown after graduation — — Qiandongnan, Guizhou, takes root in basic education, strives to be the pioneer of education reform, the forerunner of education and poverty alleviation, and the guide of student growth, and shows his regretless youth where the motherland and the people need it most! " After receiving the reply from the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader, Xiong Guojin, a normal student of the "Excellent Teacher Program" of Beijing Normal University, said.

  The orientation of the "excellent teacher plan" is very clear, and the continuous implementation of this plan will help optimize the structure of teachers in underdeveloped areas and improve the ability of local teachers to teach and educate people.

  "This is an important measure to promote the effective connection between consolidating and expanding the achievements of poverty alleviation in education and rural revitalization, and to help improve the fairness and quality of education." Ren Youqun, director of the Teacher Affairs Department of the Ministry of Education, said.

  In order to implement the spirit of the important reply from the Supreme Leader General Secretary to the normal students in the "Excellent Teacher Program" of Beijing Normal University, in September 2022, the General Office of the Ministry of Education issued the Notice on Further Improving the Training of Normal Students in the "Excellent Teacher Program". This document puts forward requirements in such aspects as deeply planting roots in grassroots education to serve the country, forging excellent skills in preaching and teaching, optimizing process management to stimulate learning momentum, and deepening collaborative mechanism to support lifelong development. It requires normal universities to do a good job in the training of normal students in the "excellent teacher plan" on the basis of the common requirements for normal students, and cultivate a group of "four haves" good teachers where the country and people need them most.

  In fact, the relevant institutions undertaking the task of "Mentor Program" have already taken action.On the second day after receiving an important reply from the Supreme Leader General Secretary, the Party Committee of Beijing Normal University decided to expand the enrollment scale of the "Excellent Teacher Program" to 800 students in 2023, and expand the enrollment quota and enrollment scope year by year.Strive to cover all poverty-stricken counties and provinces in the central and western land border counties during the 14 th Five-Year Plan period, and at the same time support the "excellent teacher plan" in all directions through the "strong teacher project".

  Hao Fanghua, president of Huazhong Normal University, introduced that the school promoted the "excellent teacher plan" with "four optimizations", including "optimizing enrollment, carefully organizing students" and "optimizing the training system and implementing ‘ Five educations ’ At the same time, optimize the skills of teachers, highlight the characteristics of digital training, optimize the coordination mechanism and build a platform for strengthening teachers. Taking the enrollment work as an example, for two years in a row, the school has added 150 separate programs to 22 central and western provinces such as Tibet, Xinjiang, Yunnan, Guizhou and Qinghai. The school leaders led teams to the students’ places of origin to issue admission notices to the freshmen representatives of the "excellent teacher program" and give the "first lesson" to the normal students of the "excellent teacher program".

  In two years’ time, normal graduates of the "Excellent Teacher Program" will take up their jobs, take root in the countryside and start a journey of educating people. After four years of tailor-made curriculum infiltration, they will be full of enthusiasm and skilled skills, whipping up their hooves in the vast rural primary and secondary schools, bringing new vitality to the revitalization of rural education.

  Part of the layout of the report on "Excellent Teacher Program" in China Teachers’ Newspaper

  Teachers should cultivate "complement each other" and make science teachers "strong"

  "Cultivating innovative spirit should start from primary school. Primary school students don’t need many discoveries or inventions, but teachers should start from primary school and guide them to be good at discovering problems and designing solutions to problems. " On July 25th, 2022, the "National Summer School for Science Education" teacher training (Guangzhou venue) jointly organized by South China Normal University and Guangzhou Branch of Chinese Academy of Sciences started in South China Normal University. Academician Zhong Nanshan, winner of the Medal of the Republic and director of Guangzhou National Laboratory, gave a lecture, which attracted wide attention from all walks of life.

  This training activity, jointly organized by the Teacher Affairs Department of the Ministry of Education and the Science Communication Bureau of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, was first held in the main venue of Beijing in July 2022, and the number of people watching the live broadcast on the first day exceeded 1 million. Subsequently, 11 sub-venues, including Wuhan, Guangzhou, Changchun, Urumqi and Nanjing, began to "speak" in succession. After the summer training course resources of science education were uploaded to the national wisdom education platform, the cumulative number of hits exceeded 64 million.

  Looking back on 2022, the training of science teachers has received unprecedented attention.

  In May 2022, the General Office of the Ministry of Education issued the Notice on Strengthening the Training of Science Teachers in Primary Schools. This document directly attacked the weak link in the training chain of pre-service science teachers, and made macro arrangements in four aspects: strengthening the enrollment scale of science education majors, increasing the training of science teachers in related majors, optimizing the training scheme of science teachers in primary schools, and innovating the collaborative mechanism of training science teachers in primary schools. This is undoubtedly a powerful "complement" for the current construction of science teachers in primary schools in China.

  "This is the first document specifically aimed at the training of teachers in a specific profession since the publication of" Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Comprehensively Deepening the Reform of the Construction of Teachers in the New Era ".Director Ren Youqun pointed out in an article in this newspaper that this move is intended to increase the supply of science teachers in primary schools majoring in science education or science and engineering from the source, and lay a talent foundation for cultivating more young people with scientific dreams and innovative ambitions from childhood.

  In the opinion of experts who have been engaged in science education for a long time, due to various reasons, there was a great dislocation between the training and demand of science teachers in the past. On the one hand, the employment of graduates majoring in science education trained in colleges and universities was not satisfactory, on the other hand, a large number of science teachers were urgently needed in primary and secondary schools, especially primary schools, and could not be introduced. Lin Changchun, the chairman of the Science Teacher Education Committee of China Young Science and Technology Educators Association and a professor at Chongqing Normal University, pointed out that how to improve the quality of science teachers’ training in the new era is an important issue that needs to be studied and solved urgently in the reform of talent training mode for science education majors in colleges and universities.

  For the first time, the Party’s Report to the 20th CPC National Congress integrated education, science and technology and talents. Strengthening the construction of science teachers and improving the quality of science teachers’ training are the proper actions to implement the spirit of the 20th Party Congress and the relevant documents of the Ministry of Education.

  The Notice on Strengthening the Training of Science Teachers in Primary Schools can be described as "the key to solving the problem". Ren Youqun emphasized that education is a long-term undertaking, and promoting the construction of science teachers in primary schools is a "small incision" that waits for no time. Teachers’ colleges should take the initiative and shoulder the mission of the times to train science teachers, and put strengthening the training of science teachers into the focus of school work.

  Fortunately, a number of normal universities have found a new way to train talents in science education. For example, Guangxi Normal University, based on its understanding of the importance of science education and teacher training, took the lead in setting up a research institute of science education and offering undergraduate majors in science education more than 20 years ago, and embarked on the pioneering road of discipline, specialty and curriculum construction of science education, even in the most difficult time.

  According to Luo Xingkai, a professor at the Institute of Science Education of Guangxi Normal University, "it is an innovative practice — — It is not only necessary, but also proved feasible to cultivate high-quality professional and innovative primary and secondary school teachers from the source of normal education by relying on innovation-led and driven practice in concept, content and method.

  Facing the future, more and more colleges and universities will attach importance to science education like Guangxi Normal University.

  Science education is related to the implementation of the strategy of strengthening the country through science and technology and the long-term development plan of the country, and science teachers are the source of innovative talents training. We expect more and more outstanding science teachers to emerge continuously, injecting powerful forces into building a strong country through science and technology.

  Part of the layout of the report on the training of science teachers in China Teachers’ Newspaper

  Online training and upgrading, innovative teacher education model

  Putting teacher training on the wings of informationization is an important action to empower teacher education.

  At the beginning of 2022, the Ministry of Education launched the "Strategic Action of Education Digitalization" to accelerate the digital transformation and intelligent upgrading of education. In March, the National Smart Education Platform was officially launched. In July, the special learning activity of "Summer Teacher Training" on the national wisdom education platform was implemented.

  It is understood that the topic of "Summer Teacher Training" is the largest special teacher training organized at the national level in recent years for teachers of all levels and types. According to the curriculum of "General Education+Discipline", it provides high-quality digital learning resources, supports teachers to make full use of summer autonomous learning and continuously improve their education and teaching ability. The project provides 2258 resources, and teachers can choose according to their own needs in each course. In terms of study time, teachers can choose their study time flexibly in summer.

  Since it was officially launched on July 20, 2022, teachers have actively participated. As of August 31, more than 13 million teachers have registered to study in the special topic, and the cumulative number of visits to the special page is nearly 1.3 billion.

  "Relying on the national wisdom education platform to carry out summer teacher training is an important way to improve teachers’ ability and quality in the digital age, an important practice to innovate teacher education mode and explore the construction of a modern teacher education system, and an active exploration to promote the balanced allocation of quality education resources by digital means." At the special graduation ceremony of "Summer Teacher Training", the relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Education pointed out.

  Layout of China Teachers’ Newspaper’s Report on Summer Teachers’ Training

  Relying on big data, the platform can record what teachers have learned and are learning through personal space, and record the hours. At the same time, the platform has been connected with the national teacher management information system. After teachers log in and verify their identity information, the platform can push personalized learning resources for teachers.

  Nowadays, the topic of "Winter Teacher Training" of the National Smart Education Platform in 2023 has kicked off, and video resources such as studying, propagating and implementing the spirit of the 20th Party Congress, the national model of teaching and educating people in 2022, and the advanced deeds of special post teachers will be launched soon. A large-scale teacher training based on the digital platform will also be launched.

  When online training becomes the norm, digital literacy will become an indispensable part of teachers’ new literacy. We believe that more teachers will become practitioners of digital learning, and constantly enhance their awareness of using digital technology to optimize, innovate and change education and teaching activities, so as to "teach better".

Is "children’s food" really suitable for children? More than 40% of parents are not at ease

  Nowadays, many parents prefer products labeled "children’s food" when buying food for their children, thinking that they are more in line with their children’s physical development, and such products are often more expensive. In fact, for children over 3 years old, there is no special food safety standard in China, and many so-called "children’s foods" have the same ingredients as ordinary foods, and are not even suitable for children to eat.

  Last week, the Social Investigation Center of China Youth Newspaper conducted a survey on 2003 parents of children interviewed, and it showed that 84.8% parents were more inclined to buy products with the words "children’s food" for their children. 45.0% of the parents surveyed are uneasy about the "children’s food" on the market. 74.6% parents want to establish a monitoring, detection and early warning mechanism for "children’s food".

  Parents interviewed in first-tier cities are more inclined to buy "children’s food"

  Li Ran (pseudonym) is from Guangdong, and her child is 5 years old this year. In Li Yanran’s view, some foods eaten by adults are not suitable for children, so she is very concerned about products marked with the words "children’s food". "60% of my children’s snacks are ‘ Children’s food ’ For example, noodles, cereal, milk, and even soy sauce are specially suitable for children. " Li Yanran noticed that the manufacturers of "children’s food" generally claim that they have specially added some nutrients that children need, and that "children’s food" is cute in shape and will increase children’s appetite.

  Yan Jing (pseudonym) lives in Wuhan, Hubei Province, and has two children, the eldest is 22 years old and the second is 9 years old. With rich experience in parenting, she has her own views on "children’s food". "I don’t believe ‘ Children’s food ’ This label. At present ‘ Children’s food ’ There is no clear definition, and there is no specific and unified standard for composition. Many parents actually don’t know what children of every age should eat, and they see the sign ‘ Children’s food ’ The words will be bought, but it is not rational enough. "

  According to the survey, 86.2% of the parents surveyed said that when buying food for their children, they would pay special attention to the products marked with the words "children’s food". 84.8% parents are more inclined to buy "children’s food" for their children. Interactive analysis shows that parents interviewed in first-tier cities pay more attention to and buy "children’s food", followed by parents interviewed in second-tier cities.

  Hu Qin (a pseudonym) from Anhui has a 13-year-old daughter. Hu Qin told reporters that when her daughter was a child, she often paid attention to children’s food. "I can’t help but buy it when I see it. As a parent, I always want to give my child the best and most suitable. I always feel that since the package is marked ‘ Children’s food ’ The formula will be more reasonable, and it will also cost money to buy peace of mind. "

  As children grow up, Hu Qin’s view on "children’s food" has changed. "The child ate a lot ‘ Children’s food ’ I feel that they are not safer and more nutritious except that they are several times more expensive and the packaging is a little cute, and some even don’t indicate the formula. This is not what our parents imagined ‘ Children’s food ’ . Since my child went to junior high school, I won’t buy anything marked ‘ Children’s food ’ The words "products".

  Li Ran found that the products labeled "children’s food" were getting more and more expensive, and some of the colors were too bright and beautiful, which made her feel suspicious instead, "I don’t know what additives were added". She feels that some children’s foods are mislabeled with nutrients. "The product advertisements are very good, but the ingredients and contents mentioned in the advertisements are not in the nutrition table. On the contrary, they are similar to what adults usually eat, and children have no effect when they eat them."

  45.0% of the parents surveyed are uneasy about the "children’s food" on the market.

  "I think the current so-called ‘ Children’s food ’ There are still many security risks. Children, like to eat heavy flavors. Now there are many foods that cater to children’s tastes, such as junk food such as spicy strips, all of which are sugar, salt and monosodium glutamate, which are unhealthy, not to mention conforming to children’s growth laws. " Yan Wei said.

  According to the survey, 45.0% of the parents interviewed are not at ease about the "children’s food" on the current market.

  What are the problems with "children’s food" on the market now? According to the survey, in the opinion of the parents interviewed, adding too much food additives (61.0%) is the biggest problem, followed by exaggerating efficacy and false propaganda (58.9%), and then the price is abnormally high (50.5%).

  Zhu Danpeng, a researcher at China Food Business Research Institute, told reporters that at present, "children’s food" lacks relevant standards. "The state did not give ‘ Children’s food ’ A standard, the production end basically takes the enterprise standard as the production standard of the product, and the consumer end only has the awareness of protecting children but has no professional discrimination knowledge, so it is difficult to distinguish it only by consumers. This also gives enterprises a lot of free space, resulting in ‘ Children’s food ’ It has become a means for many enterprises to achieve product differentiation and pursue high gross profit, forming a kind of chaos. "

  74.6% parents want to establish a monitoring, detection and early warning mechanism for "children’s food"

  At the two sessions this year, An Ting, member of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and chairman of Beijing Xiken International Culture and Art (Group) Company, said that "children’s food" with high sugar content is the main cause of children’s obesity, and efforts must be made in the management of "children’s food" for the healthy growth of the next generation.

  "As parents, we are really scared about food safety. I hope the state will pay attention to ‘ Children’s food ’ The problem, right ‘ Children’s food ’ Strict production control, improve product quality, popularize relevant knowledge. So parents don’t have to buy ‘ Children’s food ’ While worrying, I even went to a purchasing agency to buy foreign ’ Children’s food ’ Yes. " Li Ran said.

  Yan Jing believes that the first step should be to clarify what is "children’s food" and have corresponding standards. Secondly, some junk food designed for children should be banned directly, and supervision and law enforcement should be strengthened.

  "The national standard seriously lags behind the development speed of the whole market and cannot keep up with the innovation and upgrading of the industry." Zhu Danpeng believes that the lack of national standard for "children’s food" has given enterprises a loophole for boasting and wrangling. "The state should introduce it as soon as possible ‘ Children’s food ’ The standards can be formulated by referring to international standards and combining with the physique of children in China. Of course, this involves life science, which is a huge system and scientific project. For example, sodium, what is the most reasonable and standard, should be carefully studied. In addition, consumers should establish a sense of rational consumption, master more health and nutrition knowledge, and improve their ability to distinguish. "

  To ensure the safety of "children’s food", 74.6% parents in the survey hope to establish a safety monitoring, detection and early warning mechanism for "children’s food", 61.8% parents in the survey suggest to carry out special rectification activities to force the removal of "children’s food" that is not conducive to children’s health, and 58.1% parents in the survey hope to stipulate the types and dosage of "children’s food" additives.

  Among the parents surveyed, 24.8% live in first-tier cities, 50.3% in second-tier cities, 23.0% in third-and fourth-tier cities, 1.8% in towns or counties, and 0.1% in rural areas.

  China Youth Daily Zhongqing Online Reporter Du Yuanchun Intern Gao Qingwen Source: China Youth Daily

Blue rainstorm warning continues to be issued: there is heavy rainfall in Sichuan and Guangdong.

  CCTV News:According to the Central Meteorological Observatory, affected by the high-altitude trough and low-level shear, from 08: 00 on April 20 to 08: 00 on April 21, there were heavy rains or heavy rains in parts of central and eastern Guangdong, southern Fujian, northeastern Guangxi, eastern Sichuan, north-central Chongqing, western Hubei and northern Guizhou. From the morning of April 20 to the day, there will be heavy fog in the south sea area of the northern part of the Yellow Sea and the north sea area of the central part of the Yellow Sea, and the visibility will be less than 1 km.

  Heavy rains occurred in Guangdong, Guangxi, Chongqing and Sichuan Basin.

  Yesterday, there were heavy rains or heavy rains in central and southeastern Guangdong, northeastern Guangxi, eastern Guizhou, southwestern Hunan, southwestern Chongqing, northeastern Sichuan, southeastern Gansu, and southwestern Shaanxi. The maximum rainfall in Luzhou, Sichuan was 213 mm; The maximum hourly rainfall in the above areas is 50 ~ 110mm.

  In addition, there are small to moderate rains in most parts of North China and south-central Inner Mongolia, and local heavy rains or heavy rains (50 ~ 73 mm) in northwestern Shanxi and Erdos, Inner Mongolia; Among them, the average rainfall in Beijing is 6.5 mm, the average rainfall in urban areas is 5.6 mm, and the average rainfall in Mentougou Lingshan is 23.6 mm.

  There is heavy rainfall in Guangdong and other places in Sichuan Basin.

  Affected by the high-altitude trough and low-level shear, from 08: 00 on April 20th to 08: 00 on April 21st, there were heavy rains or rainstorms (50-80mm) in parts of central and eastern Guangdong, southern Fujian, northeastern Guangxi, eastern Sichuan, central and northern Chongqing, western Hubei and northern Guizhou, which were accompanied by strong convective weather such as short-term heavy precipitation, thunderstorms or hail (see Figure 1). The Central Meteorological Observatory continued to issue a blue rainstorm warning at 06: 00 on April 20.

  There is heavy fog in parts of the Yellow Sea.

  From the morning of April 20 to the day, there will be heavy fog in the south sea area of the northern part of the Yellow Sea and the north sea area of the central part of the Yellow Sea, and the visibility will be less than 1 km. In addition, from the morning of April 20 to the morning, there were heavy fog in parts of the eastern coast of Fujian, northwestern Guangxi and northeastern Guizhou, and there were heavy fog with visibility less than 500 meters in the local area. Therefore, the Central Meteorological Observatory continued to issue a foggy yellow warning at 06: 00 on April 20.

  In addition, since the 21st, the atmospheric diffusion conditions in central and southern North China began to deteriorate. From 22nd to 24th, there were mild haze in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei and surrounding areas, and moderate haze in the local area.

  Specific forecast for the next three days

  From 08: 00 on April 20 to 08: 00 on April 21, there were moderate to heavy rains in parts of eastern Sichuan Basin, southwestern Shaanxi, most of Jianghan, northwestern and southern Jiangnan, central, eastern and northwestern South China, and Taiwan Province Island. Among them, there were heavy rains (50-80 mm) in central and northeastern Chongqing, western Hubei, central Guangdong and eastern coastal areas. There are 4 ~ 5 winds and above in parts of central and eastern Inner Mongolia, Liaodong Peninsula, central Gansu, Shaanxi and Henan (see Figure 3). There will be heavy fog in the northern and central parts of the Yellow Sea, with visibility less than 1km.

  From 08: 00 on April 21 to 08: 00 on April 22, there were moderate to heavy rains in parts of western Jianghuai, eastern Jianghan, eastern and southern Jiangnan, eastern Chongqing, Guizhou and central and northern South China, among which there were heavy rains (50-70 mm) in northeastern Jiangxi, northwestern Fujian and northeastern Guangxi. There are 4 ~ 6 winds and above in parts of Ili Valley in Xinjiang, eastern Henan, eastern Hubei, southern Qinghai and southern Tibet, among which there are 7 ~ 8 winds in Ili Valley in Xinjiang (see Figure 4).

  From 08: 00 on April 22 to 08: 00 on April 23, there were small to moderate rains in parts of northern Xinjiang, eastern Northeast China, Huanghuai, Jianghuai, Jianghan, Jiangnan, eastern Southwest China and South China, among which there were heavy rains in eastern Jiangsu, northeastern Jiangxi, western Zhejiang, western Hunan, central Guangxi and northeastern China. There are 4 ~ 6 winds and above in parts of northern Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia, among which, there are 7 ~ 8 winds in Yili River Valley in Xinjiang and east of Tianshan Mountain (see Figure 5).

A spokesman for the Ministry of Commerce answered a reporter’s question on the US Department of Commerce’s "unverified list" of upgrading export control to China in the fields of semiconductors and ad

According to the website of the Ministry of Commerce, on October 10th, a spokesman of the Ministry of Commerce answered a reporter’s question about the US Department of Commerce upgrading its export control to China in the fields of semiconductors and adjusting its "unverified list" of export control.

A reporter asked: Recently, the US Department of Commerce upgraded its export control measures to China in the fields of semiconductor manufacturing and advanced computing. At the same time, in the process of removing 9 China entities from the "unverified list", 31 China entities were added. What is China’s response to this?

A: China has noticed the relevant situation. First of all, through the joint efforts of China and the United States in the previous stage, nine China entities were finally removed from the "unverified list", which was welcomed by Chinese and American enterprises. This shows that as long as the two sides adhere to the principle of frank cooperation and mutual benefit, they can find solutions that are beneficial to both enterprises.

At the same time, however, the United States added 31 China entities to the "unverified list" and further upgraded export control measures in the fields of semiconductors. This is a typical technological bullying practice, which not only violates the spirit of cooperation between the two sides and ignores the facts of cooperation between the two sides, but also seriously hinders the normal economic and trade exchanges between Chinese and American enterprises, seriously undermines market rules and international economic and trade order, and seriously threatens the stability of the global industrial chain supply chain. China firmly opposes this.

The US approach not only affects the legitimate rights and interests of China enterprises, but also harms the legitimate commercial interests of American export enterprises. The United States should immediately stop its wrong practices and give fair treatment to enterprises from all countries, including China enterprises. China calls on all parties to strengthen cooperation and jointly build a safe, stable, smooth, efficient, open, inclusive and mutually beneficial global industrial chain supply chain system.

Serbia in Chinese Memory

  Cctv news(Reporter Li Shaofei) Because of the state visit of the Supreme Leader of president, China, the reports on Serbia have suddenly warmed up.

  But in fact, in China, most people know little about Serbia. Talking about this country with the "key to the Balkans", Chinese people are still more impressed by the "Yugoslavia" era, which has become a historical term.

  In that distant but unforgettable memory, there are Tito, the leader who never bowed to power, Walter, the elusive guerrilla hero, the passionate Yugoslav football, and the vicissitudes and beautiful ancient city Belgrade … …

  Man of iron "Tito"

Tito statue (photo by Xue Qun) Image source: Xinhua International

Tito statue (photo by Xue Qun) Image source: Xinhua International

  There is no doubt that Tito is the totem of modern Yugoslavia. In the special era of the two world wars, in the face of the invasion of fascism, Tito, as commander-in-chief of the People’s Army, United the divided Balkan Peninsula into a powerful whole with his super personal charm, and Yugoslavia, which was formed by the union of six republics including Serbia and Croatia, twisted into a rope and fought bravely against the invaders.

  Tito’s legend goes beyond that. After World War II, unlike most socialist countries, Yugoslavia under his administration deliberately kept a distance from the Soviet Union and insisted on independence and non-alignment movement. Yugoslavia is the only socialist country in Europe that has not joined the Warsaw Pact, openly challenging Big Brother.

  After successive assassinations, Tito said strongly in his letter to Stalin: Don’t send someone to kill me. We have arrested 500 people, some with bombs and some with guns … … If you still send someone to kill me, then I will send someone to Moscow, and I will definitely not send the second one.

  In 1974, 82-year-old Tito became the lifelong president of Yugoslavia. In 1977, the communist party revolutionary was invited to visit China. Tito, who insisted on independence and was not afraid of power all his life, was warmly sought after in China.

  In 1980, Yugoslavia’s "God-given leader" died of illness. Twelve years after Tito’s death, the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, which was founded by this great leader, was dissolved.

  Guerrilla hero "Walter"

Walter Defends Sarajevo has influenced a generation in China, and Walter's image is deeply rooted in people's hearts. Image source: Xinhuanet

 Walter Defends Sarajevo has influenced a generation in China, and Walter’s image is deeply rooted in people’s hearts. Image source: Xinhuanet

  If Tito is a realistic hero of Yugoslavia, then Walter is a superman on the screen.

  Walter is from the classic Yugoslav film Walter Defends Sarajevo. In the 1980s, this film was introduced into China and gained a large number of fans.

  Walter, the hero, is brave and witty, and the heroic image of leading guerrillas to fight against German Nazi aggression is deeply rooted in the hearts of Chinese people. Walter has also become synonymous with Yugoslav nationals, so that today, more than 40 years later, the death of Bata Zivojinovic, the leading actor in the film, still arouses a flood of nostalgia in China, which shows the influence of Walter in China.

  This reflects the popularity of Yugoslav films in China in those years. Apart from Walter Defending Sarajevo, films and TV works such as The Bridge and The Blacklist are also popular in China. It can be said that in the 1970s and 1980s, Yugoslav films were as popular in China as domestic audiences loved Hollywood blockbusters.

  The Golden Age of Yugoslav Football

Red Star Belgrade, which won the Champions League in 1991

Red Star Belgrade, which won the Champions League in 1991

  Football is another indelible impression of Yugoslavia. In the second half of the last century, Yugoslav football, with both European body and American skills, was at its peak.

  In the first World Cup after World War II, Yugoslavia finished fifth, and in the 1962 World Cup, they reached the semi-finals. The record of the European Cup is even more brilliant. In 1960 and 1968, Yugoslavia won the runner-up twice.

  After entering the 1980s and 1990s, Yugoslav football reached its peak. The domestic league champion Red Star Belgrade won the Champions League in 1990-91 and the Toyota Cup in 1991, and a number of talented players such as Suk, Bo Ban, savicevic and Pan Caifu were born. At that time, European giants such as Real Madrid, Barcelona and AC Milan often had Yugoslav players.

  However, in a longer period of time, Yugoslav football is playing a sad role. Although there are many talented people, due to internal consumption and disputes, Yugoslav football at the national team level has never won the championship.

  In 1992, the Yugoslav team, which was at its peak and had a high voice to win the championship, had to quit because of the civil war, resulting in a romantic "Danish fairy tale", which replaced Yugoslavia and won the championship in one fell swoop.

  After the dissolution of the Yugoslav Federation, that beautiful and sad golden age also went with it. However, the glory and beauty of the past are still amazing from time to time. The words of former Bosnia and Herzegovina coach Susic are the epitome of this complex: "If it weren’t for the war, Yugoslavia might win the World Cup one day. I know that thinking like this has long been useless, but sometimes you still dream that all this can happen. "

  The city called Belgrade. 

Belgrade

Belgrade 

  As the former capital of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and now the capital of Serbia, Belgrade, together with Havana in Cuba and Tirana in Albania, has been regarded as the three bright lights of socialism for a long time, and Chinese people have special feelings for this historic city.

  But sadly, due to fierce and frequent wars, this beautiful city has experienced hardships and scars. During World War II alone, it was bombed twice: in 1941, the attack by German troops paralyzed all the public service systems in this city, and the destroyed buildings included the National Library and most government agencies. At the end of the war in 1944, British and American planes bombed Beicheng under the Nazi occupation of Germany for another half year. After the end of World War II, more than one third of the houses in this city were in ruins. In 1999, this modern city was attacked by NATO again.

  After entering the new century, this ancient city finally ushered in a relatively quiet period, and Belgrade was able to regain its glory. Today, beautiful sava river passes through the urban area, dividing Belgrade into two parts, an antique old city on one side and a new city with modern buildings on the other.

  People can easily stroll in the Mikhail Square in the center of the city, or walk in the artistic old street of Scatania. You can also climb the ancient castle in Kalemegdan Park and look out. Here, the clear sava river pours into the long Danube, and the whole city has a panoramic view.

  On 17th, it will welcome the distinguished guests from China and continue to write the friendship story between two legendary countries.

Review on the Management of Hongfa Company’s 2021 Annual Board of Directors

() The business review of the Board of Directors in 2021 is as follows:

  I. Discussion and analysis of business conditions

  2021 is a significant year. We welcome the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Party, and at the same time start the first year of the implementation of the 14th Five-Year Plan. All Hongfa cadres and employees always adhere to Hongfa culture and characteristic management philosophy, unite as one, work hard, achieve impressive business results, and achieve a bright start in the 14 th Five-Year Plan.

  In 2021, the company rose to the 6th place in the comprehensive ranking of economic indicators of electronic component enterprises in China, and ranked 89th in the top 100 enterprises with electronic information competitiveness, both of which were the best in history. The company’s market share in the global relay field has increased by nearly 3 percentage points compared with 2020, further consolidating the position of relay products as the first in the world.

  (1) The Tenth Five-Year Plan of Hongfa Co., Ltd. and Development Plan for the Next Twenty Years was officially released and implemented, which pointed out the direction for the company’s long-term development.

  In June, 2021, the Tenth Five-Year Plan of Hongfa Co., Ltd. and the Development Assumption for the Next Twenty Years (hereinafter referred to as "Planning and Assumption") was officially released. The development blueprint drawn by this plan and vision and the development vision for the next 20 years not only cover the overall planning of the company and the planning of each functional module, but also subdivide the planning of each business department and each enterprise, as well as the parts planning and mold planning related to the medium-and long-term production preparation of the enterprise, which together constitute an all-round and three-dimensional development strategic system of the company.

  The planning and assumption firmly grasp the characteristics of Hongfa, and it is clear that we will continue to thoroughly implement the three development ideas of "crossing the threshold, expanding categories and improving efficiency", strictly follow the 16-character management policy of "unified planning, strengthening concentration, combining vertical and horizontal, and implementing in blocks", always adhere to the core business philosophy of "winning by quality" and the dual core of "quality and efficiency", and firmly advance along the development path of Hongfa’s characteristics. By the end of the "14th Five-Year Plan", the company will become a world-class brand in the relay industry, ranking first in the world, becoming one of the important switch product manufacturers in China, and stepping into the ranks of professional connector manufacturers; By the middle of the Tenth Five-Year Plan, the business scale will reach 20 billion yuan, making it a leading global enterprise with distinctive features.

  Planning and assumption is the first five-year plan for the company to enter a new development stage. It is a plan with a new starting point and a new chapter, which will become an important action guide for the company’s future operation and management.

  (2) Achieve rapid growth in business indicators and get off to a good start in the 14th Five-Year Plan.

  (3) Adhere to the "dual core of quality and efficiency" and consolidate and enhance comprehensive advantages.

  In 2021, the company continued to firmly adhere to the operating characteristics of "double cores of quality and efficiency", and strived to build core advantages in the fierce market competition by improving product quality and per capita production efficiency. Relay products continued to expand into high-end fields, further consolidating and expanding the leading edge.

  1. The physical quality of products has been steadily improved at a higher level.

  In 2021, the company organized and completed 77 Six Sigma projects, 697 QCC projects and 15 weekly failure improvement projects around the improvement of key product quality, and the proportion of production lines assessed by the "crossing the threshold" standard steadily increased to 90.1%, of which the proportion of middle and senior production lines reached 69%. The pass rate of weekly inspection is 95.1%, and the key defects of relay products have been steadily reduced to 1.9PPM. The quality of contactors, small circuit breakers, high and low voltage cabinets and three cabinets at the client side has obviously improved, and the market competitiveness has been continuously improved.

  2. The investment in automatic production line is the highest in history.

  In 2021, the company’s investment in technological transformation exceeded 1 billion yuan for the first time, and a total of 38 automated production lines were put into use, which was the year in which the company invested the most in automated production lines over the years.

  During the reporting period, the company firmly adhered to the concept of "five sets in one" in the development of automatic production lines, and exerted the collaborative innovation ability of internal industrial chains, and the quality and speed of production line development were significantly improved. The average period from start-up and development to quality acceptance and mass production of automatic production line of general relay is shortened to 3-5 months, and the investment period of some automatic production lines is only about 2 months; A total of 10 automatic lines have been put into use for automobile relays, and the per capita output value of some automatic lines is planned to reach 2.5 million yuan. The investment in technical transformation of high-voltage DC relay, signal relay, industrial control relay and sealed relay has also promoted the product quality and production efficiency, and achieved good benefits.

  3. Relay products have further expanded the high-end market, and new categories represented by switches have developed steadily.

  In 2021, the company’s relay products were eye-catching in the high-end market with excellent performance in quality and excellent cost performance: General Relay became the most important supplier and reliable strategic partner of many high-end brands including Miller, (), Electrolux and Bosi, and its global market share increased by 3 percentage points; In the field of rail transit, it successfully won the bid for several projects of CRRC Group, installed the first standardized subway in China as the core component, and landed on Zhengzhou-Xuzhou line in June 2021, filling the gap of domestic core component rail transit relay; In the new energy vehicle market, we have established cooperative relations with mainstream new energy vehicle factories in the world, including high-end vehicle factories such as Tesla, Mercedes-Benz and BMW, and the global market share of high-voltage DC products has reached 36%; Photovoltaic relays keep up with the development trend of the industry, and their products have been recognized by benchmark customers such as Huawei and (), and their market share in high-end customers exceeds 50%.

  Low-voltage electrical appliances are gradually on the right track, with annual market sales and per capita payment increasing by more than 20%. The product development is based on the principle of "laying a solid foundation and accumulating strength", and the products are built from the source in a down-to-earth manner. The product lines such as power control, power distribution and small interruption have initially established a platform-based universal series, and the key technologies have achieved remarkable results, and important breakthroughs have been made in the fields of customer customization and special subdivision. In 2021

  On the basis of the smooth operation of the first small automatic production line, we will continue to push forward several automatic production line projects according to the requirements of "high quality and high standard", and the core competitiveness of enterprises is gradually taking shape.

  (4) Insist on innovation-driven, and change the technological development from following to leading, providing a strong impetus for the "Fourteenth Five-Year Plan".

  1. Many products are leading the world in technology.

  In the field of home appliances and smart home market, following the technical trend of frequency conversion and current carrying, we have developed large current carrying products and low-power and miniaturized products with high surge resistance, and their performance and technical indicators are leading internationally.

  In the emerging application fields of photovoltaic, wind power and energy storage market, we directly cooperate with leading enterprises such as Huawei to develop products, and the technical indicators lead the international market.

  High-voltage DC relay products combine the extreme safety technical requirements of benchmark customers, overcome the extreme safety technical capabilities such as high short circuit resistance, high limit breaking and low contact resistance, and continuously consolidate the leading edge.

  It is the first to develop the fifth generation signal relay in the world. Under the condition of maintaining the performance index, the product volume is reduced by more than 50% and the power consumption is reduced by 60%, leading the update iteration of signal relay technology.

  2. Intellectual property work has gradually shifted from "focusing on evasion" to "taking the lead in protection".

  In 2021, the company actively conducted risk investigation and patent analysis on 341 products, and consciously conducted investigation and rights protection on competitors’ patents, all of which achieved good results. In 2001, 376 domestic patent applications were completed, including 118 inventions, up 9.26% year-on-year, and 25 international patent applications, up 38.89% year-on-year. The authorization rate of invention patents is as high as 96.97%, and the authorization rate of utility model patents remains 100%, which has established effective intellectual property protection for leading products and technologies.

  3. Demonstrate the leading edge in the field of standardization, and the international influence of the industry has been significantly enhanced.

  In the field of international standardization, the company has 5 experts from IEC International Standards Committee, participated in the compilation, revision and opinion handling of 3 international standards throughout the year, and organized 70 international standards to solicit opinions and reply. At home, the company serves as the chairman of China Relay Standardization Committee, leading the formulation, approval and release of two national standards GB/T21711.1 and GB/T16608.1, leading the formulation of two national standards GB/T21711.2 and GB/T21711.2.1 on relay reliability, progressing steadily according to procedures, and newly reporting two national standards GB/T 21711. The company’s work in the field of relay professional standardization further consolidated the company’s leading position in the relay industry and significantly enhanced its international influence in the relay industry.

  (5) Build a strong production capacity of molds and parts, and lay a solid foundation for the supply chain of products during the 14th Five-Year Plan.

  In 2021, the company took the mold and front-end capacity building as a major strategy, systematically planned and comprehensively promoted, and further enhanced the overall strength of the industrial chain supply chain.

  1. Make a systematic and overall plan for the capacity building of molds and parts.

  In 2021, the company organized the formulation of Mould Management System, Medium-and Long-term Development Plan of Mould, and Tenth Five-Year Plan (Draft) for the former parts, systematically planned the production, technical transformation and site of the former parts, strengthened management, accelerated construction, and provided institutional guarantee for creating "good parts". Establish a statistical management mechanism for the internal matching ratio of key parts, and the internal matching ratio of various major parts such as stamping parts, injection molded parts, contacts and iron cores continues to rise steadily.

  2. Focus on improving the level of R&D, design, processing and manufacturing of molds.

  In 2021, the company’s mold center continued to strengthen the development capability of high-precision long-life molds, with the life of dies exceeding 100 million molds and the life of plastic molds exceeding 10 million molds, reaching the first-class level in the industry; Improve efficiency and shorten delivery time. The proportion of T1 days within 60 days reached 80%, the annual mold output increased by more than 50%, and the TEEP of 36 GA key equipment increased by 22.43%. Continue to increase investment in technological transformation, introduce CNC machining center production line, spark machine, high-speed machining center, OPS graphite discharge unit and other equipment to further enhance R&D and manufacturing capabilities. The MES project of mold is put into operation, which forms a platform of information flow synchronous exchange management of mold design, manufacturing and design change, realizes integrated manufacturing and systematic management of mold data with MES system as the core, and lays a solid foundation for building a systematic, automatic and intelligent mold manufacturing factory.

  3. Strive to build a first-class component manufacturing base.

  The manufacturing of parts and components starts from the research of basic theory, and many breakthroughs have been made in technical research. The highest punching speed can reach 1200 times/minute, the shortest injection cycle is 4.5 seconds, and the injection mold for pushing cards can reach up to 128 cavities. The qualified rates of injection parts, metal workpieces, contacts and iron cores in comprehensive batches reach 99.65%, 99.45%, 99.55% and 99.08% respectively, all reaching the advanced level in the industry.

  Inherit the advantages and experience of relays, benchmark the world first-class, highlight the goal of "high quality, high speed, strong adaptability and high cost performance", and implement them in blocks according to the characteristics of new products, so as to build the independent supporting capacity of key components of new products. Actively introduce core production technology and equipment, and successively overcome key core technologies such as precision forming of high-voltage DC close-wound bobbin, which will help the development of new products.

  (VI) Firmly implement the 16-character management policy of "unified planning, strengthened centralization, vertical and horizontal integration and block implementation", improve the management level of the company and ensure the smooth implementation of the "Tenth Five-Year Plan".

  1. Strengthen performance appraisal under the guidance of planning to ensure the smooth implementation of the company’s strategic objectives.

  In 2021, performance management will continue to focus on the guiding ideology of "taking strategy as a guide and constantly solving the bottleneck problem in development", focusing on the operating characteristics of "quality and efficiency" in terms of project and weight setting, and guiding enterprises to continuously build core competitiveness; In terms of goal setting, based on the "Tenth Five-Year Plan" and combined with the macroeconomic situation and competition pattern faced in 2021, the appropriate development goals are determined, and the completion situation is followed up in time through the combination of monthly statistics and quarterly analysis. At the end of the year, the business results of the enterprise are measured based on performance evaluation and the subsequent improvement direction is identified to ensure the smooth implementation of the company’s planning and strategy.

  2. Informatization construction has been promoted to the deep water area, and the pace of digital transformation has been accelerated.

  In 2021, the company stepped up its informatization construction to the deep water area. In addition to continuing to complete ERP, financial sharing and other projects as planned, it continued to implement three phases of projects in the sales field, and completed the comprehensive coverage of CRM marketing management system in domestic and foreign sales organizations. In the field of supply chain and production-marketing collaboration, taking Zhangzhou Hongfa and Xiamen Jinyue as the pilot, APS advanced planning and scheduling software was introduced to initially realize the supply-demand linkage between parts and finished products enterprises; Start S&OP pilot in automotive electronics to create conditions for establishing a visual and integrated supply chain management and decision-making system; In warehousing management, WMS platform at group level is introduced to lay the foundation for subsequent warehousing automation and information integration. The business index statistics of all production enterprises in the company are systematic and automatic, and digital information is increasingly becoming the core strategic resource of the company and plays an important role in business decision-making.

  3. Further strengthen the unified management of marketing work.

  In 2021, the company intensified the unified market planning, integrated industry solutions with the energy industry as a pilot, explored the unified promotion mode of the industry, organized centralized research on key customers in the wind energy and photovoltaic industries, and completed the marketing planning and promotion of nine products (series) such as electronic modules and intelligent circuit breakers; Establish a new category promotion department to help the market development of new categories of products; Establish a global account manager system, formulate a global account strategy, and improve the global account management improvement ideas; Continuously improve the information sharing and cooperation mechanism between sales systems, effectively coordinate the conflicts of customer resources between channels, realize the unified platform for orders, unified data drainage, unified channels for external publicity, unified management of customs affairs and sales expenses, and ensure the smooth operation of various businesses.

  (VII) Promoting the construction of the three major bases as a whole, and creating conditions for the capacity expansion in the 14th Five-Year Plan.

  At the Xiamen-Zhangzhou base, the second phase of Zhangzhou Hongfa project was completed in May 2021 and successfully relocated and put into production, and the third phase of the project with a construction area of 150,000 square meters was officially launched; The second phase of Haicang Industrial Park, with a construction area of 62,000 square meters, completed preparatory work such as project establishment and scheme design; The electroplating expansion project with a building area of 19,000 square meters in Sunban Factory was successfully completed and will be put into production in early 2022.

  In the eastern base, the electroplating workshop was put into use in early 2021, and the electroplating internal service of the eastern base began to be realized; Hongzhou New Energy moved into a new factory building and put into production in October 2021. At the same time, various supporting service facilities in the park were gradually improved, and the whole base was initially formed, which created conditions for subsequent capacity expansion.

  In the western base, in March 2021, the signing ceremony of the investment agreement for the construction of the "14 th Five-Year Plan" project of Hongfa Western Intelligent Manufacturing Industrial Park was successfully held, and the output value of the project will exceed 2.4 billion yuan after completion. In September 2021, the third phase of Sichuan Hongfa Project was officially started. The project has a construction area of 44,000 square meters, and two modern production plants will be built. It is expected that the renovation will be partially completed and put into production in 2023.

  The rapid progress of the construction of the three bases will provide sufficient plant resources for the company to achieve the "14 th Five-Year Plan" and "create another 10 billion".

  (8) 2 billion convertible bonds were successfully issued, which helped accelerate the development of the 14 th Five-Year Plan.

  In September 2021, the company’s project of issuing convertible bonds was unconditionally approved, and it was successfully issued and listed in November, successfully raising 2 billion yuan, which provided a strong financial guarantee for the company’s continuous large-scale and high-quality investment during the 14 th Five-Year Plan period.

  (9) Major shortcomings and challenges in 2021.

  In 2021, while achieving good business results, we must also be soberly aware of the shortcomings and challenges we face: the development of new categories of products is still relatively slow; The influence of Hongfa brand does not match the overall strength of the company; There are still obvious shortcomings in the overall development of the company, especially in the eastern base enterprises. Affected by various aspects of the epidemic, the pace of globalization has been hindered; The internal synergy of the company has not been fully exerted, and the organizational structure needs to be further optimized; Cadres’ ideological concept, ability and quality need to be improved continuously, and the construction of talent team has a long way to go. These problems need to be solved in the future work.

  In 2022, all Hongfa employees will continue to adhere to the company’s "14th Five-Year Plan" under the guidance of the three development ideas and the 16-character management policy, vigorously inherit and carry forward Hongfa’s corporate culture, strengthen their beliefs, be determined to innovate, and strive to do all the specific work to promote the company’s sustained and good development!

  

  Ii. the industry in which the company is located during the reporting period.

  The company’s main product relay is an electronic control device, which has a control system (also called input loop) and a controlled system (also called output loop). It is usually used in automatic control circuits, and it is actually an "automatic switch" that uses a smaller current to control a larger current. Therefore, it plays the role of automatic adjustment, safety protection and conversion circuit in the circuit. When the input quantity (such as voltage and current) reaches the specified value, the controlled output circuit is turned on or off. It has the advantages of fast action, stable work, long service life and small size. Widely used in power protection, automation, sports, remote control, measurement and communication devices.

  According to the 2021 edition of China Electromagnetic Relay Market Competition Research Report issued by Zhiduoxing Consultant, the global economic situation will improve in 2021, and the relay market will rebound to a certain extent, reaching 58.95 billion yuan in 2025, with an average growth rate of about 8.5% in the five years from 2020 to 2025. According to the data of Zhiduoxing Consultant, the global demand for electromagnetic relays will be about 10.35 billion in 2021, and 11.94 billion in 2025, with an average growth rate of about 5.2% in the five years from 2020 to 2025.

  With the strong growth of smart home, industrial automation, photovoltaic field, global smart meters, smart cars and the rapid development of new energy vehicles, with the arrival of the 5G era, the relay market will usher in a new round of development. The global manufacturers of electromagnetic relays are mainly concentrated in China, Japan, Europe and America, among which Hongfa shares rank first in the world in market share, while OMRON and Tyco electricity rank second and third respectively.

  

  Iii. Business of the Company during the reporting period

  (a) the main business, main products and their uses, business model.

  Xiamen Hongfa () Co., Ltd., a holding subsidiary of the company, is mainly engaged in the production, R&D and sales of relays and electrical products. The main products include relays and electrical products, among which electrical products include low-voltage appliances, high-voltage and low-voltage complete sets of equipment and other categories. Relays are the company’s main products, mainly including power relays, automobile relays, signal relays, industrial relays, power relays, new energy relays and other categories, with more than 160 series and more than 40,000 common specifications, with an annual production capacity of over 30.

  The company’s products have been certified by UL&CUL in the United States, VDE and TV in Germany, CQC in China, etc., and are widely used in household appliances, smart homes, smart grids, new energy, building power distribution, automobile industry, rail transit, industrial control, security, fire protection and other fields.

  After years of development, the company has more than 30 manufacturing enterprises, established three R&D and production bases in Xiamen, Zhangzhou, East and West, and seven core business divisions, with a workshop area of over 1 million square meters, and has formed a relatively complete industrial chain of relays and electrical products, covering the design and manufacture of production equipment, parts production, finished product production and product sales. The internal industrial chain is as shown in the figure:

  1. Purchasing mode

  The main materials consumed by the company include copper, iron, silver wire, enameled wire and engineering plastics. After years of development, the company has established a set of strict procurement management system and supplier management norms, and clearly stipulated and strictly implemented the responsibilities and authority of procurement management, procurement process, supplier selection, procurement price approval, procurement payment and inventory storage management. The specific procurement process is as follows:

  2. Production mode

  The relay assembly of the company is in a clean workshop with a class of 100,000 or above, and it is equipped with a negative pressure system to effectively control foreign bodies. The assembly adopts automatic production mode, and has the ability to independently develop first-class relay automatic assembly technology and equipment, including automatic winding, automatic riveting of contact with materials, automatic insertion, automatic welding, etc. In product quality control, online detection technologies such as image system and vacuum leak detection are used, and functions such as online real-time adjustment and defective product sorting are configured, which greatly improves the consistency and stability of product assembly and ensures the physical quality and production efficiency of products.

  3. Sales model

  (1) Sales management mode

  According to the differences of different industries, different regions and target customer groups, the company adopts the sales management mode of combining direct selling and distribution.

  The marketing channels of the company are divided into international and domestic markets, as follows:

  ① International market

  International market refers to importers and exporters in China’s overseas market and domestic market, and customers with foreign currency as the settlement unit. The marketing center of the headquarters is responsible for the overall market planning, organization and coordination. The international market can be divided into:

  (2) Pricing method

  The overall pricing strategy of the company’s products is to refer to market conditions and cost additive process. When determining the product pricing, the company refers to the market price and adds a certain percentage of profits on the basis of raw materials, processing costs and labor costs to determine the final quotation of the product. The cost of the company’s products will change due to changes in material prices, exchange rates and labor costs, and the company will recalculate the latest reserve price regularly.

  (2) Market position and competitive advantage of products

  The development of relay industry is relatively mature, and the market competition is relatively full. The main producing countries include China, Japanese, German and other countries. The company has more than 30 years of experience in relay research and development and manufacturing, and is one of the major relay manufacturers in the world. According to the "2021 Edition China Electromagnetic Relay Market Competition Research Report" issued by Zhiduoxing Consultant, the company’s global electromagnetic relay market share ranks first in the world.

  According to the 30th-34th Top 100 ranking of electronic component enterprises judged by China Electronic Component Industry Association, there are 7 relay manufacturers on the list, including Acer Power Generation, Guizhou Aerospace, (), Ningbo Tianbo, Huigang Holdings, Ningbo Ford and Shanghai Omron.

  Among them, macro power generation is in the first place in the relay industry, a sub-industry of electronic components industry.

  

  Iv. analysis of core competitiveness during the reporting period

  In the long-term development process, the company has gradually formed a unique core competitiveness:

  1. Excellent corporate culture

  After more than 30 years of development and precipitation, the company has formed a corporate culture system with Hongfa characteristics. The system includes seven core concepts (vision, mission, values, etc.) and six management ideas (quality and efficiency are the core, etc.). The company adheres to the enterprise spirit of "continuous progress and never satisfaction"; It has established the vision of "creating an international brand, building a century-old prosperity", the corporate mission of "representing the national relay industry to win a place in the world" and the core values of "jointly promoting the continuous development of enterprises, making contributions to society and shareholders, and striving to seek better and better interests for employees themselves". Always adhere to the business policy of "market-oriented, quality wins"; The quality policy of "pursuing perfect quality to provide customers with satisfactory products and services" and the code of conduct of "honesty, law-abiding, civilization and dedication".

  2. High-level technical R&D team

  The company has the first national-level enterprise technology center, academician workstation, postdoctoral workstation and the largest relay testing center in Asia in the domestic relay industry, focusing on improving quality and efficiency and customizing personalized solutions for customers. The company became the first enterprise in the relay industry to preside over the formulation of national standards. By the end of December 2021, the company had 1,528 valid patents. Relying on the strong technical resource advantages in the relay industry, the company’s technical status in the industry is improving day by day, and it has successively won the honors of "National Technology Innovation Demonstration Enterprise", "National Manufacturing Individual Champion Demonstration Enterprise", "Industrial Product Green Design Demonstration Enterprise" and "National Technology Innovation Engineering Innovative Enterprise".

  3, advanced mold design, manufacturing and precision parts manufacturing capabilities.

  Hongfa firmly believes that "good products are made of good parts, good parts depend on good molds, and good molds need good design and equipment". After decades of precipitation and accumulation, it has become a complete industrial chain that deeply integrates the design and manufacture of molds, precision parts and automated production lines. In terms of mold design, manufacturing and precision parts manufacturing capabilities, the company has a strong self-supporting ability of parts, equipped with the world’s top parts production equipment. The precision of Hongfa mold can reach 1μ, and the industry-leading mold design and manufacturing ability shortens the product development cycle and ensures the product quality.

  4, advanced relay automation equipment design and manufacturing capabilities.

  In terms of the design and manufacturing capacity of relay automation equipment, the company is one of the earliest enterprises in China that specializes in designing, developing and producing special automation equipment and automation production lines for relay industry. The developed relay assembly production line and the equipment level of the previous part have reached the world-class level. The rising degree of automation improves the company’s per capita production efficiency and ensures the consistency and stability of product quality.

  5. Advanced and complete product laboratory

  The company has the largest relay testing center with the most complete facilities in China relay industry, and has set up "three core product testing laboratories" and "four public service laboratories". Establish a laboratory quality assurance system according to the ISO/IEC17025 accreditation criteria, have the independent development ability of non-standard testing systems, meet the non-standard testing needs of different customers, participate in the formulation of international standards such as IEC61810-2/-2-1 and IEC61810-10, and lead the formulation of China standards such as GB/T21711.7 and GB/T16608.50-55. At the same time, it implements more than 10 international and domestic standards, such as EN61810 and UL508. In 2007, the company signed the preferred partner agreement with VDE, which was the first in the world in terms of components. The company has been recognized by VDE as the world’s first relay laboratory for electric meters, and has the laboratory qualification recognized by Shanghai General Motors (GP-10). The company’s chemical analysis laboratory has been recognized by CNAS laboratory for expansion, which can provide customers with accurate, reliable and credible ROHS compliance testing data and reports.

  6. Always pursue to provide customers with satisfactory products and services with perfect quality.

  The company always insists on "winning by quality" and pursues to provide customers with satisfactory products and services with perfect quality. It has built a unique total quality management model and integrated management system. Based on the "five-in-one" new product development quality management, robust process control, "quality first" supplier quality management, customer-oriented quality service and "pyramid" continuous improvement mechanism, the quality management cycle is realized and the whole production process of each product is strictly carried out.

  7. Industry-leading human resources advantages

  Under the guidance of the concept of "people-oriented, cultivating top-notch talents in the industry", the company has gathered a group of professionals with certain authority and experience in product research and development, production, management and marketing through self-cultivation as the mainstay, which has laid a solid talent foundation for the further development of the company’s business. The core technicians of the company’s product research and development department have many years of experience in the industry. The company adheres to the guidance of high-end talents and promotes the improvement of technological innovation ability. The company’s main management team has rich experience in relay industry operation and management, focusing on building a strong brand in the industry and continuously enhancing the company’s core competitiveness.

  8. Brand advantage

  After more than 30 years of development, the company has become the world’s largest relay manufacturer, trusted by customers. According to the list of "Top 100 Electronic Components Enterprises in China in 2021 (the 34th)" issued by China Electronic Components Industry Association, the company ranks sixth and first in the relay industry.

  The company has a high market reputation and brand awareness, and has obvious competitive advantages in network layout, industrial integration, customer and supplier management.

  

  V. Main operations during the reporting period

  During the reporting period of 2021, the company realized an operating income of 10,022,657,500 yuan, an increase of 28.18% over the same period of last year; The net profit attributable to shareholders of listed companies was 1,062,555,500 yuan, an increase of 27.69% over the same period of last year; The net profit attributable to shareholders of listed companies after deducting non-recurring gains and losses was 922,540,300 yuan, an increase of 32.98% over the same period of last year; Achieve basic earnings per share of 1.43 yuan.

VI. The Company’s Discussion and Analysis on the Company’s Future Development

  (A) the industry pattern and trends

  As one of the most important basic components, relay is a necessary and core electronic control basic component in the whole circuit control system, which is widely used in the fields of home appliances, industrial control, automobiles, communications, electricity, energy, security, aerospace and so on, and its main function is to realize "automatic and remote" control. Among these fields, household appliances, automobiles and industrial control, as traditional industries, have always been the fields with the largest amount of relays. Although the downward pressure on the global economy has increased under the influence of the epidemic during the reporting period, individual fields, such as electric power (especially smart grid), security monitoring, smart home and new energy (especially photovoltaic power generation and new energy vehicles), as emerging industries, are driven by industrial policies in China and the world, with strong development momentum. China is still the main production base of relays, accounting for about 50% of the global total output. There are many manufacturers, but there are few manufacturers with a certain scale, the industry concentration is not high, and the market competition is fierce.

  The company’s comprehensive economic indicators have been in the leading position in domestic peer enterprises for many years. At the end of the reporting period, the company’s overall sales revenue was 10.023 billion yuan, up 28.18% year-on-year. The company produced more than 3 billion relays, low-voltage electrical appliances and other products throughout the year, and its main relay products have steadily increased their market share in the global market. In 2021, the company’s products were eye-catching in the high-end market: the market share of general relays in high-end smart home appliances was further consolidated and expanded, becoming the most important supplier and reliable strategic partner of many global high-end home appliance brands; As the core component, the sealed electromagnetic relay is installed in China’s first standardized subway train, Rio Tinto’s rail transit market, which fills the gap in domestic rail transit relays; High-voltage DC relay has grown rapidly, and has established business cooperation relations with mainstream new energy vehicle manufacturers around the world, becoming the world’s major manufacturer of high-voltage DC relay; Photovoltaic new energy products keep up with the rapid development of the industry, and the market share of high-end customers has increased by nearly 60%, and the overall market share has increased to 57%. The deep expansion of the high-end market has pushed the company to stride forward on the road of high-quality development.

  During the reporting period, many projects of the company were carried out smoothly and won many important honors: the "14 th Five-Year Plan" project of Hongfa Western Intelligent Industrial Park was launched; The company’s national intelligence creation new model project passed the acceptance; In China, the comprehensive ranking of economic indicators of electronic component enterprises rose to the sixth place, the best ranking in history, and the ranking of the top 100 enterprises with electronic information competitiveness and the top 500 listed enterprises in China has also been continuously improved, and at the same time, it has once again won the "China Brand Value List".

  In the future, under the guidance of the three development ideas and the 16-character management policy, we will always adhere to the principle of "winning by quality", vigorously inherit and carry forward Hongfa culture, strengthen our faith, be determined to innovate, keep forging ahead, never be satisfied, work hard, overcome the risk challenges on the way forward, enhance our development momentum, plant our development advantages, and constantly push Hongfa career to a new height.

  (II) Company development strategy

  The company’s development strategy is to inherit and carry forward Hongfa’s characteristic culture and business philosophy, adhere to the business policy of "market-oriented, winning by quality", thoroughly implement the three development ideas of "crossing the threshold, expanding categories and improving efficiency", strictly follow the 16-character management policy of "unified planning, strengthening concentration, integrating vertically and horizontally, and implementing in blocks", and firmly grasp the core business philosophy of "winning by quality" and "quality and quality" Enhance the leading ability of technological innovation, build an independent and controllable industrial chain system, continuously build automated and intelligent manufacturing factories, enhance the core competitiveness of enterprises, carry forward Hongfa brand, and promote the high-quality development of enterprises.

  Specifically, it is proposed to implement the company’s development strategy through the following aspects:

  (1) Strengthen market operation and expand market share.

  (2) Accelerate "expanding categories" and strengthen technical guidance.

  (3) Coordinate production layout and improve operation management.

  (4) Adhere to "winning by quality" and continue to "cross the threshold"

  (5) Insist on technical innovation to build enterprise technical strength.

  (6) Build an autonomous and controllable system to build core competitive strength.

  (7) Grasp the construction of talents and ensure the development of the echelon.

  (8) Promote the development of informatization and realize digital growth.

  (9) Improve the base construction and ensure the development space.

  (10) Centralized financial control and fine value creation.

  (3) Business plan

  In 2022, under the guidance of the three development ideas and the 16-character management policy, the company will always adhere to the principle of "winning by quality", vigorously inherit and carry forward Hongfa culture, strengthen its belief and be determined to innovate, and focus on the following work:

  (1) Firmly implement the strategy of "expanding categories", use the successful experience of developing relays to promote the development of new categories of products, and cultivate new growth points of the company in the future as soon as possible.

  (2) continue to build the strength of parts and molds, especially strengthen the research and development of new products, new processes and characteristic processes, and build core competitiveness.

  (3) Continue to pay close attention to the "short board" work, help short board enterprises in human resources protection, management improvement and technology docking, and promote the rapid development of the eastern base.

  (4) Standardize the use of raised funds, adhere to high-quality and large-scale investment, promote the construction of production bases, further enhance the strength of enterprises, and lay the foundation for the rapid development of the company in the next stage.

  (5) Pay attention to the development of macroeconomic situation, organize functional modules such as production, supply and marketing to actively respond to external risks and challenges, and ensure the smooth progress of production and operation.

  (6) Vigorously enhance the brand awareness of Hongfa, win the brand reputation by continuously improving the product quality, and at the same time strengthen the marketing propaganda, so that enhancing the brand awareness of Hongfa becomes a new meaning of the strategy of "crossing the threshold".

  (7) Summarize Hongfa’s development experience, carry forward Hongfa’s characteristic culture, complete the compilation of Hongfa’s management experience series, and inherit and practice the unified Hongfa’s characteristic management model.

  (8) Strengthen the construction of talent team, especially accelerate the construction of senior technical talents and excellent management talents, and provide talent guarantee for the company’s new round of rapid development.

  (9) Focus on asset management and benefit improvement, further refine enterprise cost control, build the company’s financial knowledge center, output high-quality financial information and provide better services for the company’s strategic implementation.

  (4) Possible risks

  I. Operational risks

  The company’s main products cover relays, low-voltage electrical appliances, high-voltage and low-voltage complete sets of equipment and other categories, and are applied to household appliances, smart homes, automobile industry, smart grid, industrial control, new energy and other fields. If macroeconomic fluctuations, policy adjustments and other factors affect the prosperity of downstream industries or downstream market demand, it may adversely affect the company’s operating performance.

  Since 2018, trade frictions between China and the United States have been constant. The US government has successively issued three batches of tariff increase lists, in which 25% tariffs are imposed on goods worth $34 billion, $16 billion and $200 billion exported from China to the United States, and relay products are also included in the tariff increase list. Although at present, the products directly sold by the company to the United States account for a relatively small proportion, which has little impact on the company, if the trade friction between China and the United States is further aggravated or there is trade friction between China and other economies in the future, barriers will be set up in terms of trade policies and tariffs, which may have an adverse impact on the company’s operating performance, profitability and market development.

  The main raw materials of relay products include copper, silver, enameled wire, engineering plastics, etc. The prices of the main raw materials are affected by the fluctuation of the international market of bulk commodities, which directly affects the product profits and the company’s working capital. If the price of the company’s main raw materials fluctuates violently in the future, and the company cannot transfer the negative impact of the price increase of raw materials to downstream enterprises by raising the sales price of products, it will have an adverse impact on the company’s operating performance.

  Second, the brain drain risk

  Technicians are very important for the long-term development of relay manufacturers. At present, the high-end relay with high technology content and large profit margin has become the development direction of the industry. Whether it can occupy the high-end market is the key for relay manufacturers to achieve sustainable development. The research and development of high-end relays requires specialized technicians, complete professional knowledge and wide knowledge of other majors, and it takes years of training and practice to truly design and develop new products independently. At the same time, a large number of key technology positions on the production line also need experienced skilled workers to be competent. Therefore, professionals are more important in the relay industry. If brain drain occurs, enterprises will face related losses. The core management and technical backbone of the company hold the company’s equity through qualified investment, and their personal interests can be consistent with the company’s development. Through this shareholding method of management and backbone personnel, the core personnel of Acer Power Generation can be kept relatively stable.

  Third, technical risks

  The Technology Center is the core of the issuer’s technological innovation system, and undertakes major research tasks such as product development and design, process design and verification, product performance testing and analysis, mold development and design and manufacturing, automatic production line equipment, test instrument development and design, etc. R&D investment ensures that the company’s products have excellent market competitiveness. If the company can’t continue to invest in R&D or technological innovation in the future, the products will not meet the needs of customers and the requirements of industry changes, and the market competitiveness will decline, thus affecting the company’s profitability.

  Fourth, financial risks

  Overseas income accounts for a relatively high proportion of the company’s main business income. The company’s overseas business is mainly settled in foreign currency. If the RMB exchange rate changes greatly, it will cause fluctuations in the balance of the company’s foreign currency monetary assets, and foreign exchange receipts and payments will generate large exchange gains and losses, which will further affect the company’s operating performance. At the same time, the fluctuation of exchange rate may also affect the price of products in overseas markets and face the risk of declining market competitiveness. The company has continuously summarized and improved the exchange rate risk management and control methods suitable for its own needs, locked the exchange rate in time through the analysis of the exchange rate market and operating income, and established a set of foreign exchange management methods and processes. Under the premise of comprehensively considering market liquidity and management costs, it actively pays attention to monetary policy and exchange rate trends, selects the timing of foreign exchange locking and settlement in a timely manner, and rationally uses financial instruments to reduce the impact of exchange rate fluctuations on enterprises and avoid exchange rate risks.

  V. Policy risks

  Electronic components industry is the basic support of electronic information industry, and its development is strongly supported and encouraged by national policies. In recent years, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the National Development and Reform Commission and other departments have successively issued a number of policies to encourage and promote the rapid development of the electronic information industry, such as the Information Industry Development Guide, the Special Action Plan for Improving the Design Capability of Manufacturing Industry (2019-2022) and the Basic Electronic Components Industry Development Action Plan (2021-2023). In the future, if the relevant policies of the country on electronic components industry or electronic information industry change, it may lead to certain adverse effects on the company’s operating performance.

  VI. Risks related to the issuance of this convertible bond

  (A) principal and interest payment risk

  During the duration of the convertible bonds, the issuer shall pay interest on the unconverted convertible bonds and pay the principal at maturity. In addition, when the convertible bonds trigger the resale conditions, if the investors put forward the resale, the issuer still needs to honor the resale proposed by the investors, and will face certain cash expenditure pressure in a short time. The convertible bonds issued this time did not provide guarantee. Therefore, if the issuer’s business activities fail to achieve the expected return due to uncontrollable factors such as national policies, regulations, industries and markets in the future, it may affect the issuer’s timely and full payment of the principal and interest of convertible bonds and the acceptance ability of investors when they sell back.

  (2) The risk of failure to convert convertible bonds into shares at maturity

  The stock price is not only influenced by the issuer’s profit level and development prospect, but also by the national macroeconomic situation, political and economic policies, investors’ investment preferences, expected returns of investment projects and other factors. If the convertible bonds issued this time fail to be converted due to the sluggish stock price trend of the issuer or the investment preference of the holders of the convertible bonds, the issuer shall pay the principal and interest for the convertible bonds that have not been converted, which will correspondingly increase the financial cost burden and financial pressure of the company. In addition, during the existence of the convertible bonds, if the convertible bonds are redeemed, the company will face certain financial pressure.

  (C) the risk of reducing the conversion value of convertible bonds

  The issuer’s stock price trend is influenced by many factors, such as operating results, macroeconomic situation, industry policies, and the overall situation of the stock market. After the issuance of the convertible bonds, the issuer’s share price may continue to be lower than the conversion price of the convertible bonds, so the conversion value of the convertible bonds may decrease, and the interests of the holders of the convertible bonds may be greatly adversely affected. This issuance has set the downward revision clause of the issuer’s share conversion price. If the issuer fails to revise the conversion price downward in time, or even if the conversion price is revised downward, the stock price is still lower than the conversion price, which may still lead to the reduction of the conversion value of the convertible bonds issued this time, and the interests of the holders of convertible bonds may be greatly adversely affected.

  (D) Risks related to downward revision of the conversion price

  1. Risk of failure to implement the downward revision clause of conversion price.

  During the duration of the convertible bonds issued this time, when the closing price of the company’s shares is lower than 90% of the current conversion price for at least 15 trading days in any continuous 30 trading days, the board of directors of the company has the right to propose a downward revision plan for the conversion price and submit it to the shareholders’ meeting for deliberation and voting. This plan can only be implemented if it is approved by more than two-thirds of the voting rights held by shareholders attending the meeting.

  Under the condition of meeting the downward revision conditions of convertible bonds’ conversion price, the issuer’s board of directors may still not propose the downward revision plan of conversion price based on multiple considerations such as the company’s actual situation, stock price trend and market factors; Or the downward revision plan of the conversion price proposed by the issuer’s board of directors has not been reviewed and approved by the shareholders’ meeting. Therefore, the holders of convertible bonds may face the risk that the downward revision of the conversion price will not be implemented during the duration.

  2. Risk of downward revision of the conversion price with uncertain range.

  During the existence of the issuer’s convertible bonds, even if the issuer revises the conversion price according to the downward revision clause, the revised conversion price shall not be lower than the higher average price of the company’s shares in the 20 trading days before the shareholders’ meeting to consider the proposal on the conversion price revision scheme and the average price of the previous trading day, so the correction range of the conversion price is limited to some extent, and there is a risk of uncertainty. Moreover, if the stock price continues to fall after the correction and the future stock price continues to be lower than the conversion price after the downward correction, the conversion value of the convertible bonds will undergo major adverse changes, which may lead to the risk that the convertible bonds will be sold back or cannot be converted during the conversion period.

  3. The downward revision of the conversion price leads to the risk of the company’s share capital dilution.

  During the duration of the convertible bonds, if the issuer’s shares trigger the downward revision of the conversion price, the conversion price of the convertible bonds issued this time will be adjusted downward. Under the condition of the same conversion scale, the number of shares converted by the issuer will increase accordingly, which will lead to the expansion of the dilution of the share capital. Therefore, during the duration, the issuer may face the risk of increasing the dilution degree of the share capital due to the implementation of the downward revision clause of the conversion price.

  (V) Risk of price fluctuation of convertible bonds

  Convertible bonds, as derivative financial products, have the dual characteristics of stocks and bonds. The secondary market price of convertible bonds is influenced by many factors, such as market interest rate level, coupon rate, remaining years, conversion price, stock price of listed companies, redemption terms and resale terms, investors’ psychological expectations, etc. The price fluctuation situation is more complicated, and even there may be abnormal fluctuations or deviations from their investment value, which may make investors face certain investment risks.

  (VI) Liquidity risk

  The trading activity of the securities trading market is influenced by the macroeconomic environment, the distribution of investors, investors’ willingness to trade and other factors. The issuer cannot guarantee that the holders of the convertible bonds can trade their bonds in full and at any time after listing on the Shanghai Stock Exchange. Therefore, after purchasing this convertible bond, investors may face the liquidity risk that they can’t sell the amount they want to sell in full at a certain price because the bond is inactive after listing.

  (7) Risk of credit rating change

  After the new century credit rating, the issuer’s main credit rating is AA, and the credit rating of this convertible bond is AA. During the validity period of the credit rating of this convertible bond or the duration of this convertible bond, the tracking rating will be conducted at least once a year in the new century, and the issuer cannot guarantee that its main credit rating and the credit rating of this convertible bond will not change negatively during the validity period of the credit rating or the duration of the bond. If the credit rating agency lowers the issuer’s main credit rating and/or the credit rating of this convertible bond, it may have a certain impact on the interests of bondholders.

  Eight, the risk of COVID-19 epidemic.

  In recent years, novel coronavirus broke out one after another in various regions of the world, which had a great impact on the world macro-economy. Subject to quarantine measures, traffic control and other epidemic prevention and control measures, the company’s procurement, production and sales are affected to some extent in the short term. Although the domestic COVID-19 epidemic has been effectively controlled, the issuer has resumed normal production and operation, and all work has been carried out in an orderly manner, if the COVID-19 epidemic recurs in China or continues to spread around the world for a long time, it may still have a certain degree of adverse impact on the company’s strategic implementation, production and operation, and performance.

  The above possible risks have not changed much from the risk factors suggested in the previous year (or prospectus).

Protection of consumer rights and interests | Beware of illegal medical beauty

With the increasing pursuit of "face value", the medical beauty service market is developing rapidly. In addition to the traditional double eyelid surgery (double eyelid plasty), more and more consumers choose to inject sodium hyaluronate (hyaluronic acid), collagen and botulinum toxin, or perform "micro-plastic surgery" such as rhinoplasty, chin augmentation, face-lifting, line carving and risorius injection.

However, many "beauty-seeking" consumers are not very clear about what medical beauty is and what items belong to it, so that they blindly believe in individuals who are not doctors and life beauty institutions that illegally carry out medical beauty, resulting in their own legitimate rights and interests being infringed.

First of all, let’s recognize the difference between medical beauty and life beauty.

Medical beauty: the use of surgery, drugs, medical equipment and other traumatic or invasive medical techniques to repair and reshape the appearance and morphology of various parts of the human body.

Beauty of life: the act of providing consumers with non-invasive and non-invasive skin cleaning, skin care and cosmetic services by using techniques, equipment and products such as makeup and skin care.

Unqualified, cheating customers

Without obtaining the Practice License of Medical Institution, the employees have not obtained the Practice Certificate of Physician and the Practice Certificate of Nurse of relevant majors, and have not been trained and qualified by Medical facial make-up.

Most of the illegal medical beauty salons are unqualified life beauty salons or personnel who use invasive methods to carry out freckle removal, wrinkle removal, breast enhancement, weight loss, etc., and their behavior belongs to illegal medical practice. Due to the lack of relevant qualifications and technical and sanitary conditions for medical beauty, it is easy to cause physical damage to consumers.

Exceeding the scope of practice, illegal operation

Although some medical beauty institutions have obtained the Practice License of Medical Institutions, they carry out medical services outside the approved subjects or medical beauty projects outside the record.

According to the technical difficulties and possible medical risks of medical cosmetic projects, the national health administrative department has formulated the Catalogue of Classified Management of Medical Cosmetic Projects, which classifies and manages medical cosmetic projects. Different types and levels of medical cosmetic surgery can only be carried out in medical institutions with corresponding qualifications.

Do not sign the contract, do not tell.

Some medical and beauty institutions do not actively inform customers of indications, contraindications, medical risks and precautions before surgery, do not obtain the signature consent of the patient or guardian, do not sign a medical and beauty surgery contract, or do not specify their respective rights and obligations involved in the contract. When the surgery fails, it is difficult for consumers to defend their rights.

Measures for the administration of medical beauty services

(Order No.19 of the Ministry of Health was issued on January 22, 2002. The first revision was based on the Notice of the Ministry of Health on Amending Article 2 of the Measures for the Administration of Medical Beauty Services on February 13, 2009 (Wei Yi Zheng Fa [2009] No.17). The second revision was based on the Decision of the National Health and Family Planning Commission on Amending the Interim Measures for the Administration of Foreign Doctors’ Short-term Practice in China on January 19, 2016.

Chapter I General Provisions

Article 1 These Measures are formulated in accordance with the Law on Medical Practitioners, the Regulations on the Administration of Medical Institutions and the Measures for the Administration of Nurses in order to standardize medical beauty services, promote the healthy development of medical beauty undertakings and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of medical patients.

Article 2 The term "medical cosmetology" as mentioned in these Measures refers to the repair and reshaping of human appearance and the morphology of various parts of the human body by surgery, drugs, medical instruments and other traumatic or invasive medical techniques.

The term "beauty medical institutions" as mentioned in these Measures refers to medical institutions mainly engaged in medical beauty diagnosis and treatment.

The term "attending physician" as mentioned in these Measures refers to a practicing physician who meets the conditions as stipulated in Article 11 of these Measures and is responsible for the implementation of medical beauty projects.

The medical cosmetology department is a first-class diagnosis and treatment subject, while cosmetic surgery, cosmetic dentistry, cosmetic dermatology and cosmetic Chinese medicine are second-class diagnosis and treatment subjects.

According to the technical difficulty of medical beauty projects and the degree of possible medical risks, graded access management is implemented for medical beauty projects. The Catalogue of Classified Management of Medical Beauty Projects shall be formulated separately by the Ministry of Health.

Article 3 All institutions and individuals that provide medical beauty services must abide by these Measures.

Article 4 The Ministry of Health (including state administration of traditional chinese medicine) is in charge of the management of medical beauty services throughout the country. The administrative department of health of the local people’s governments at or above the county level (including the administrative department of traditional Chinese medicine, the same below) is responsible for the supervision and management of medical beauty services within their respective administrative areas.

Chapter II Establishment and Registration of Institutions

Article 5 An application for holding a beauty medical institution or setting up a medical beauty department by a medical institution must meet the following conditions:

(1) Having the ability to bear civil liabilities;

(two) there is a clear scope of medical beauty diagnosis and treatment services;

(3) Conforming to the Basic Standards for Medical Institutions (for Trial Implementation);

(4) Other conditions stipulated by the health administrative department of the people’s government at or above the provincial level.

Article 6 Units or individuals applying for setting up beauty medical institutions shall go through the formalities of examination, approval and registration in accordance with these Measures and the Regulations on the Administration of Medical Institutions and the Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Regulations on the Administration of Medical Institutions.

The administrative department of health shall make a decision of approval or disapproval within 30 days from the date of receiving the qualified application materials, and give a written reply to the applicant.

Article 7 The administrative department of health shall, at the same time as issuing the Approval Letter for Setting up a Medical Institution and the Practice License for a Medical Institution, file with the administrative department of health at the next higher level.

The examination and approval decision made by the health administrative department at a higher level against the violation by the health administrative department at a lower level shall be corrected or revoked within 30 days from the date of discovery.

Eighth beauty medical institutions must be registered by the administrative department of health and obtain the "Practice License for Medical Institutions" before they can carry out their practice activities.

Ninth medical institutions to add medical beauty subjects, must meet the conditions stipulated in these measures, in accordance with the "Regulations on the Administration of Medical Institutions" and its detailed rules for the implementation of the procedures, to the registration authority to apply for change of registration.

Tenth beauty medical institutions and medical beauty departments to carry out medical beauty projects shall be approved by the professional society designated by the registration authority, and shall be filed with the registration authority.

Chapter III Qualification of Practitioners

Article 11 The attending physician responsible for implementing the medical beauty project must meet the following conditions:

(1) Having the qualification of a medical practitioner and being registered by the medical practitioner registration authority;

(2) Having working experience in relevant clinical disciplines. Among them, those who are responsible for the implementation of cosmetic surgery projects should have more than 6 years of clinical work experience in cosmetic surgery or plastic surgery and other related majors; Responsible for the implementation of cosmetic dentistry projects should have more than 5 years of clinical work experience in cosmetic dentistry or stomatology; Responsible for the implementation of cosmetic Chinese medicine and cosmetic dermatology projects should have more than 3 years of clinical work experience in Chinese medicine and dermatology respectively;

(3) Having been trained or advanced in medical facial make-up and qualified, or having been engaged in clinical work of medical cosmetology for more than 1 year;

(4) Other conditions stipulated by the health administrative department of the provincial people’s government.

Article 12 A medical practitioner who does not meet the requirements of the attending physician as stipulated in Article 11 of these Measures may engage in the clinical technical service of medical beauty under the guidance of the attending physician.

Thirteenth personnel engaged in medical beauty care, should also meet the following conditions:

(1) Having the qualification of a nurse and being registered by the nurse registration authority;

(two) with more than 2 years of nursing experience;

(3) Having passed the professional training or advanced study of medical beauty care, or having been engaged in clinical nursing of medical beauty for more than 6 months.

Fourteenth personnel who have not been approved by the administrative department of health and gone through the registration formalities shall not engage in medical beauty diagnosis and treatment services.

Chapter IV Practice Rules

Fifteenth the implementation of medical beauty projects must be carried out in the corresponding beauty medical institutions or medical institutions with medical beauty departments.

Sixteenth beauty medical institutions and medical beauty departments should carry out medical services within the scope of diagnosis and treatment subjects approved by the health administrative department according to their own conditions and capabilities, and may not expand the scope of diagnosis and treatment without approval.

Beauty medical institutions and medical institutions that set up medical beauty departments shall not carry out medical beauty projects that have not been filed with the registration authority.

Seventeenth practitioners of beauty medical institutions should strictly implement the relevant laws, regulations and rules, and abide by the operating rules of medical beauty technology.

Medical materials used by beauty medical institutions must be approved by the relevant departments.

Eighteenth medical beauty services to implement the doctor responsibility system. Medical beauty projects must be implemented by the attending physician or under his guidance.

Nineteenth medical practitioners must inform the medical treatment indications, contraindications, medical risks and precautions in writing to the medical treatment patients or their relatives before treatment, and obtain the signature consent of the medical treatment patients or their guardians. Without the consent of the guardian, medical beauty projects shall not be implemented for people with no or limited capacity for behavior.

Article 20 Practitioners of beauty medical institutions and medical beauty departments should respect the privacy right of medical patients, and may not disclose the patient’s illness and medical records to a third party without the consent of the patient himself or his guardian.

Twenty-first beauty medical institutions and medical beauty departments have serious medical negligence, and should report to the health administrative department of the local people’s government in a timely manner according to the regulations.

Twenty-second beauty medical institutions and medical beauty departments should strengthen the management of medical quality and continuously improve the service level.

Chapter V Supervision and Administration

Twenty-third any unit or individual, without obtaining the "practice license of medical institutions" and approved by the registration authority to carry out medical beauty diagnosis and treatment subjects, shall not carry out medical beauty services.

Twenty-fourth health administrative departments of local people’s governments at all levels should strengthen the audit of medical beauty projects for the record. If it is found that beauty medical institutions and medical institutions offering medical beauty departments do not have the conditions and ability to carry out a medical beauty project, they should promptly notify the institutions to stop carrying out the medical beauty project.

Twenty-fifth relevant professional associations and industry associations should actively assist the administrative department of health to standardize the behavior of medical beauty services and strengthen industry self-discipline.

Twenty-sixth beauty medical institutions and medical beauty departments medical disputes or medical accidents, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state.

Twenty-seventh release of medical beauty advertisements must be handled in accordance with the provisions of national laws and regulations on advertising management.

Twenty-eighth in violation of the provisions of these measures, according to the relevant provisions of the "Medical Practitioners Law", "Regulations on the Administration of Medical Institutions" and "Measures for the Administration of Nurses" will be punished.

Chapter VI Supplementary Provisions

Twenty-ninth surgery, stomatology, ophthalmology, dermatology, Chinese medicine and other related clinical disciplines involved in the process of disease treatment related medical beauty activities are not subject to these measures.

Article 30 The health administrative department of the people’s government at or above the county level shall, within one year after the implementation of these measures, examine and re-issue the Practice License for Medical Institutions according to the provisions of these measures.

Article 31 These Measures shall come into force as of May 1, 2002.

Source: Health Yuncheng Guanwei

Original title: "Protection of Consumer Rights and Interests | Beware of Illegal Medical Beauty"

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