Huang Yun:Good morning, journalists and friends! I’m Huang Yun, director of the General Office of State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China and spokesperson. Welcome to the press conference of the State Administration of Taxation. Present at today’s conference are Ms. Meng Yuying, Director of the International Taxation Department of State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China, Mr. Rong Hai Lou, Director of the Income Planning and Accounting Department, and Mr. Shen Xinguo, Director of the Tax Service Department. They will introduce relevant information and answer your questions.

Huang Yun, Director of the General Office of State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China and spokesperson.

The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China emphasized the need to adhere to the people-centered development ideology, so that the achievements of modernization can benefit all people more fairly, and put forward clear requirements for further optimizing the business environment. The State Administration of Taxation thoroughly studied and implemented the spirit of the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of China, fully implemented the decision-making arrangements made by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, and focused on the "urgent difficulties and worries" of taxpayers. This year, with the theme of "doing a good job in benefiting the people and modernizing services", it launched the "Spring Breeze Action for Facilitating Taxes" for the 10th consecutive year, and launched the first batch of 17 measures for facilitating services to further solve practical problems and continuously optimize the tax business environment. These measures have been welcomed by taxpayers and payers, and some of them have been effective. For example, 13 items of tax-related fees were included in the scope of allowance, and 34 items of tax and fee information were further streamlined. Digital RMB payment of taxes and fees met the diversified needs of taxpayers, and tax and fee processing was more efficient and faster. Another example is to further play the role of tax big data, and on the premise of respecting the wishes of enterprises, to bridge the gap between enterprises with poor supply chain in the industrial chain and help the supply and demand sides to connect. In January, 426 enterprises have been helped to realize effective purchase and sale of 980 million yuan independently.

While wholeheartedly implementing the first batch of measures of the "Spring Breeze Action for Convenient Taxation", we further focused on the new demands and expectations of taxpayers and payers, and then launched the second batch of 25 measures for convenient service. These measures cover a wider range and are richer in content, and mainly have the following characteristics:First, focus on the efficient implementation of policies to help enterprises solve difficulties.For example, multi-channel accurate policy push will make the tax and fee policy dividend better direct and fast.The second is to focus on promoting intelligent taxation to help enterprises reduce burdens and increase efficiency.For example, the implementation of social insurance handling and payment business "through one network" and the exploration of the implementation of "one-click zero declaration" of stamp duty of electronic taxation bureau will make taxation more intelligent and convenient.The third is to focus on optimizing law enforcement methods to help enterprises compete fairly.For example, for some tax-related matters of a specific nature, we will implement law enforcement methods such as persuasion and education, prompting and reminding, actively carry out credit repair, and guide business entities to participate in fair competition and develop healthily and orderly.

In recent years, China tax authorities have also actively served the high-level opening-up and high-quality joint construction of the Belt and Road, blowing the "convenience spring breeze" to the Belt and Road.

In April 2019, in order to implement the spirit of the important instructions of the Chairman of the Supreme Leader on jointly building the Belt and Road and deepening international tax cooperation, at the initiative of China and State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China, the "Belt and Road" tax collection and management cooperation mechanism was formally established, dedicated to improving the coordination and reciprocity in the tax field of the "Belt and Road" countries and building a growth-friendly tax environment. The "One Belt, One Road" tax collection and management capacity promotion alliance is an institution specifically responsible for capacity building such as training, research and technical assistance under the cooperation mechanism. Today, the Alliance will publicly release version 1.0 of the Alliance curriculum system to the world through the cooperation mechanism of official website and the website of the Belt and Road Taxation Institute. In the construction of this curriculum system, China has actively participated in and contributed an important force through the Alliance Office. Its popularization and application will give full play to the multilateral role of the cooperation mechanism, and help us deepen international tax exchange and cooperation, and work with the tax authorities of the Belt and Road partners to jointly build the Belt and Road with high quality. Mainly reflected in:

First, take tax as the medium, learn from each other and promote the improvement of ability together.By jointly launching the curriculum system and in-depth tax training, the alliance is conducive to deepening cooperation and complementing each other’s advantages, and helping the "Belt and Road" partners to jointly improve their tax collection and management capabilities in strengthening experience sharing and mutual learning.

The second is to help finance with taxes, enhance recognition and promote the integration of rules.China’s tax authorities actively participate in the formulation of international tax rules, and promote the Belt and Road partners to better abide by and improve tax rules through alliance training, so as to enhance tax certainty, which is conducive to promoting the "soft connectivity" of rules and standards of member countries.

The third is to serve the overall situation and promote economic and trade convenience with taxation.Relying on cooperation mechanisms and alliances, China tax authorities will further strengthen personnel training, deepen international tax cooperation and mutual assistance in tax collection and management, which will help to eliminate cross-border trade and investment barriers and better promote the trade liberalization and facilitation of "Belt and Road" partners.

I’ll introduce these first, and then enter the question-and-answer session. Welcome to ask questions.

CCTV reporter from the Central Radio and Television General Station asked questions.

1. CCTV reporter from the Central Radio and Television General Station: Just now, Director Huang mentioned that the tax authorities have launched the second batch of 25 successive measures of the "Spring Breeze Action for Facilitating Taxes". Please introduce the specific situation.

Shen Xinguo, Director of State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China Tax Service Department

Shen Xinguo:Thank you for your question. The State Administration of Taxation launched the second batch of 25 measures, focusing on solving practical problems for taxpayers and payers from six aspects.

In terms of "improving the quality of appeal response",Five measures, such as promoting preferential tax policies and optimizing the functions of natural person tax management system, were introduced to optimize tax payment services and enhance tax payment experience. For example, the tax authorities will make good use of the "Fengqiao experience" in the new era, continue to unblock the channels for taxpayers to express their demands and protect their rights and interests, give full play to the role of mediation, and better safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of taxpayers and payers.

In terms of "policy implementation and efficiency improvement",Five measures, such as optimizing the library of tax and fee policies and regulations, strengthening the publicity and interpretation of tax and fee policies, and improving the awareness and delivery rate of policies, were introduced. For example, the State Administration of Taxation will optimize and improve the official website tax and fee policies and regulations library to further facilitate the public to inquire about the tax and fee policies; The "Volunteer Action of Tax Youth Helping Enterprises and Benefiting the People" will also be launched, and the vast number of tax youths will be organized to provide taxpayers with more detailed and temperature-sensitive services in the form of voluntary service, so as to promote the more accurate and effective implementation of tax and fee policies.

In terms of "fine service upgrading",Five measures were introduced, such as strengthening regional law enforcement coordination, jointly carrying out theme service month activities to help small and medium-sized enterprises develop with the departments of industry and information technology, and deepening the pilot project of "bank-tax interaction" data direct connection with the banking and insurance supervision department to better serve high-quality development. For example, the tax authorities will deepen the interactive service of tax collection and payment, and help taxpayers to solve the policy and operation problems encountered in online tax payment through "ask" and "do" collaborative services such as accurate push, intelligent response and sharing on the same screen, and assist them to complete business processing, making "non-contact" tax payment more convenient and easier to handle.

In terms of "speeding up intelligent taxation",Three measures were introduced to improve the convenience of tax payment, such as optimizing the tax terminal function of natural person tax management information system, continuously implementing social insurance handling and online "one-line communication" for payment business. For example, the tax authorities will further expand the promotion results of electronic tax payment across provinces, provide more convenient tax payment methods for taxpayers operating across provinces, and realize cross-provincial tax payment without leaving home.

In terms of "streamlining processes and upgrading",Five measures, such as simplifying the stamp duty declaration process and promoting the pilot of the occupational injury protection system, were introduced to optimize the taxpayer’s handling experience. For example, the tax authorities will simplify the stamp duty declaration process, explore the combined declaration of taxable contracts with the same tax items in some industries and keep them for future reference, optimize the stamp duty declaration of the electronic tax bureau, explore the realization of "one-click zero declaration", and further optimize the taxpayer’s tax declaration experience.

In terms of "standardizing law enforcement and upgrading",Two measures were introduced to further optimize tax law enforcement and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of taxpayers and payers. For example, for some tax-related business matters of a specific nature, persuasion and education, tips and reminders are promoted and used; We will strengthen the dynamic management of information on the subject of major tax violations and dishonesty, actively carry out credit repair work for taxpayers who meet the compliance conditions after correcting mistakes, and guide them to operate legally and standardize their development.

In the next step, the tax authorities will pay close attention to the implementation of the above measures, promote the spring breeze of tax collection for the convenience of the people, warm the people’s hearts, and continuously improve the sense of acquisition and satisfaction of taxpayers and payers.

Thank you!

People’s Daily reporter asked questions.

2. People’s Daily reporter: Just now, Director Shen said that one of the important contents of the second batch of measures of "Spring Breeze Action for Convenient Taxation" is to further expand the promotion results of electronic tax payment across provinces in China. Can you tell us more about it?

Rong Hai Building, Director of State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China Revenue Planning and Accounting Department

Rong Hai building:Thank you for your question. In recent years, the tax authorities have vigorously promoted electronic tax payment and made great efforts to provide taxpayers with convenient and efficient tax service. At present, 99% of tax returns have been processed online, and more than 95% of taxes have been paid into the warehouse by electronic tax payment. However, there are some problems, such as the low degree of electronicization and inconvenience, in the transfer and payment between the place of registration and the place of business, for the payable taxes arising from the establishment of project departments and branches across provinces and other places to carry out business activities (such as the establishment of project departments across provinces and other places to provide construction and installation services). To this end, since 2021, the tax department and the treasury department of the People’s Bank of China have strengthened collaborative innovation. With the strong support of relevant commercial banks, 12 regions in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, Yangtze River Delta and other regions with active inter-provincial business activities have been selected to take the lead in launching cross-provincial electronic tax payment pilots, and in 2022, the promotion efforts have been further strengthened, the application scope has been expanded, and positive results have been achieved. In 2022, more than 150 commercial banks have supported the inter-provincial and off-site electronic tax payment business, and handled a total of 310,000 inter-provincial and off-site electronic tax payments with a tax revenue of 57.5 billion yuan. Taxpayers report that after electronic tax payment across provinces and different places is realized, it can be handled without leaving home, which effectively reduces the burden and improves efficiency.

This year, we will continue to improve and perfect in accordance with the deployment arrangement of the "Spring Breeze Action for Convenient Taxation", and further expand the promotion results of electronic tax payment across provinces and different places in China.On the one hand,Expand the coverage of local commercial banks, cooperate with the treasury department of the People’s Bank of China to further enhance the participation of some local commercial banks that have not yet joined this business in implementing cross-provincial electronic tax payment, guide and promote more qualified local commercial banks to participate in and support cross-provincial electronic tax payment.On the other hand,Expand the coverage of tax payment business. At present, commercial banks mainly support taxpayers who have signed tax deduction agreements with tax authorities and banks to handle cross-provincial electronic tax payment business, and promote commercial banks to further optimize system functions, increase support for taxpayers who have not signed tax deduction agreements to handle cross-provincial electronic tax payment business, and further enhance the convenience of taxpayers operating across provinces. Thank you!

China securities journal reporter asked questions.

3. Reporter from china securities journal: It is also an important measure of the "Spring Breeze Action for Facilitating Taxes" to do a good job in the first batch of tax-related reform measures replicated and promoted in the whole country. Can you tell us more about it?

Shen Xinguo:Thank you for your question. Optimizing the business environment is the key to cultivate and stimulate the vitality of business entities and enhance the endogenous power of development. In 2021, the State Council was deployed in six cities including Beijing, Shanghai, Chongqing, Hangzhou, Guangzhou and Shenzhen to carry out business environment innovation pilot projects. The Party Committee of the State Administration of Taxation fully implemented the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, thoroughly implemented the pilot work of business environment innovation, guided and urged the tax bureaus of six pilot cities to implement 16 tax-related measures and achieved remarkable results. In September, 2022, the General Office of the State Council issued the Notice on Replicating and Promoting Pilot Reform Measures of Business Environment Innovation, and decided to replicate and promote 50 pilot innovation measures nationwide, including 12 tax-related measures. The main highlights of these measures are:

First, continue to compress the tax payment time.The implementation of "multi-tax integration" comprehensive declaration, the pilot unit to integrate corporate income tax and property and behavior tax comprehensive declaration, relying on the electronic tax bureau to achieve "one declaration, one payment, one voucher"; Beijing, Shanghai and Chongqing also include value-added tax, consumption tax and vehicle purchase tax in the scope of comprehensive declaration, making it easier for taxpayers to declare. The pilot units distribute tax UKey to taxpayers in non-contact ways such as self-collection, mail delivery and so on through channels such as electronic tax bureau. Up to now, each pilot unit has distributed more than 500,000 tax UKey in a "non-contact" way to facilitate taxpayers to issue invoices.

The second is to optimize the law enforcement supervision mechanism.Explore new ways of flexible supervision, establish a list of non-compulsory administrative measures, and implement non-compulsory administrative measures for matters that are obviously minor or have no obvious social harm and can achieve the purpose of administrative management by non-compulsory means. Up to now, the pilot units have identified 28 items that will not be enforced, which embodies the concept of "combining leniency with severity" in tax law enforcement. Accurately implement tax supervision, and explore and promote the construction of a new tax supervision system based on "credit+risk". According to the tax credit status of business entities, the pilot units will implement classified management in matters such as invoice collection and tax cancellation, and in accordance with the principle of "encouraging trustworthiness and punishing dishonesty", so that trustworthy taxpayers can enjoy more convenience, and taxpayers with low credit ratings will be subject to key supervision and strict supervision.

The third is to promote data sharing.Try out the online inquiry and verification of the national travel tax payment information, so as to facilitate the insurance institutions in the pilot cities to inquire about the national travel tax payment, and facilitate the vehicles in different places to apply for insurance and pay taxes. At the same time, the tax bureaus of the pilot cities actively cooperate with the market supervision departments to expand the business scope of "one network to run" and implement the reform of "multi-reporting in one" in the annual report of enterprises, so as to make data "run more roads" and taxpayers "run less errands".

In the next step, we will improve the working mechanism of "promoting implementation, preventing risks, supervising and asking for efficiency, tracking and evaluating, and continuously optimizing", and guide the tax authorities of pilot cities to firmly grasp the opportunities for reform, focus on what taxpayers need and expect, increase the intensity of trying first and accumulate more innovative experience. At the same time, guide and urge the tax authorities in non-pilot areas to effectively do a good job in replication and promotion, so that innovative measures can achieve greater results nationwide and promote the overall continuous optimization and improvement of China’s tax business environment.

Thank you!

Xinhua News Agency reporter asked questions.

4. Xinhua News Agency reporter: Director Huang just talked about the "Belt and Road" tax collection and management capacity promotion alliance. Excuse me, what is the main work carried out by this alliance and how effective is it?

Meng Yuying, Director of State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China International Taxation Department.

Meng Yuying:Thank you for your question. The "Belt and Road" tax collection and management cooperation mechanism (hereinafter referred to as the cooperation mechanism) is the first long-term multilateral tax cooperation mechanism initiated by China. The cooperation mechanism is based on the concerns of the tax authorities of the countries that jointly build the "Belt and Road", and is committed to strengthening the capacity building of tax collection and management and promoting the construction of a growth-friendly tax environment. At present, the number of members of the Council of the cooperation mechanism has increased to 36, and the number of observers has increased to 30. The "circle of friends" and its influence have continued to expand.

The "Belt and Road" Alliance for Promoting Tax Collection and Management Capacity (hereinafter referred to as the Alliance) is an important part of the cooperation mechanism and a multilateral institution responsible for carrying out capacity-building projects such as training, research and technical assistance. The President of the Alliance is responsible for coordinating and organizing the implementation of the Alliance’s work plan and training programs; There is an alliance office, which is responsible for coordinating the development of the "Belt and Road" tax college and other related work of the alliance, and co-located with the secretariat of the cooperation mechanism in Beijing. As a member of the Alliance, China State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China, together with the tax authorities of 19 other members of the Alliance and 14 partners, has made great efforts to enhance tax exchange and cooperation among countries that have jointly built the Belt and Road Initiative, and promote the common improvement of tax collection and management capabilities.

Since the alliance was established more than three years ago, it has mainly done the following work:

The first is to carry out various forms of tax training.Carrying out tax training is the main starting point for the alliance to promote the common improvement of collection and management capabilities. Since the first training session was held in Yangzhou "One Belt, One Road" Taxation College in 2019, the Alliance has held more than 50 training sessions through online and offline training modes, and more than 3,000 tax officials from more than 100 countries (regions) have participated in the training, which has deepened tax cooperation and friendship among countries and won unanimous praise from students from all over the world.

The second is to build a "Belt and Road" tax college.At present, the Alliance has successively established five "Belt and Road" tax colleges in Yangzhou, China, Beijing, China, Macao, China, Astana, Kazakhstan and Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and established a network of multilingual training institutions radiating English, Chinese, Portuguese, Russian and Arabic. The alliance takes Yangzhou "Belt and Road" Taxation College as the main position, which drives Astana, Macao, China and other colleges to carry out various training activities to meet the development needs of different regions every year, and the role of the alliance training institution network is increasingly apparent.

The third is to form an international team of teachers.Tax experts are widely invited by the Alliance Office to join the first batch of expert teachers in the Alliance. These experts come from government finance and taxation departments, international organizations, academic circles and industries, and their offices are located in 13 countries (regions) on 5 continents. They have profound industry background, good professional quality and rich working experience, which fully embodies the requirements of specialization and internationalization. Experts in the field of taxation in China and officials from taxation departments also actively participated in the lectures.

The fourth is to promote the construction of the alliance curriculum system.Since the training in 2019, relying on the Yangzhou Belt and Road Taxation Institute, the Alliance has successively launched four online courses, namely, tax dispute resolution, digitalization of tax collection and management, tax service and value-added tax reform. On this basis, the Alliance Office has extensively absorbed opinions and suggestions from all parties, actively learned from the experience of other international organizations in carrying out professional training, and designed and completed version 1.0 of the Alliance curriculum system.

According to the development plan of the alliance, the alliance office will invite more international tax experts to join the team of alliance experts, further strengthen cooperation and exchanges based on the characteristics of the "Belt and Road" tax colleges, comprehensively develop knowledge products, share training resources such as teachers and courses, realize the alliance training with wider coverage, larger scale and richer content, promote the joint construction of the "Belt and Road" countries, and further enhance the international influence of the alliance.

China Daily reporter asked questions.

5. China Daily reporter: Director Meng just talked about the 1.0 version of the curriculum system of the "Belt and Road" tax collection and management capacity promotion alliance. Can you introduce this curriculum system in detail?

Meng Yuying:Thank you for your question. The Alliance Office will release version 1.0 of the Alliance Curriculum System in official website today. In order to continue to play the role of the alliance capacity-building platform, realize the common improvement of the tax collection and management capacity of the countries building the Belt and Road, and promote the standardization and systematization of alliance training, the alliance is practical, practical and effective-oriented, adheres to the scientific, systematic and inclusive design concept, closely follows the functional orientation of the tax department and the duties of tax personnel, and constantly summarizes practical experience to design and form the alliance curriculum system version 1.0, aiming at helping students understand tax rules and best through training.

The 1.0 version of the curriculum system includes 4 themes and 65 courses. The four themes are tax system, tax collection and digitalization, tax business environment and tax service, and tax cooperation. According to the principles of from shallow to deep, from easy to difficult, from simple to complex, alliance courses are divided into three levels: primary, intermediate and advanced. 90% of the courses will be launched before August this year, and all courses will be launched during the year.

The design of version 1.0 of the alliance curriculum system mainly has three characteristics:

First, insist on discussing, building and sharing.The Alliance Office fully communicates with the members of the cooperation mechanism, alliance members, partners and academic circles, and brainstorms ideas to jointly build an alliance curriculum system. Invite tax officials from relevant countries (regions), teachers from the "Belt and Road" tax institute and experts from international organizations to participate in the course design and teaching. The remarkable increase in the participation of all parties better reflects the multilateral characteristics of the alliance and will further promote mutual learning and learning.

The second is to adhere to demand orientation.The course not only covers the universally applicable contents such as tax system, tax collection and management, and tax service, but also takes into account the areas such as tax dispute settlement and business environment optimization that tax officials in countries building the "Belt and Road" together, and at the same time, appropriately integrates the frontier research hotspots in the international tax field such as the "two-pillar" scheme. Combined with the feedback from the questionnaire of the students in the pilot courses and the practical experience of training, these course designs can better meet the training needs of tax personnel in countries that jointly build the "Belt and Road".

The third is to adhere to dynamic, inclusive and open.The alliance curriculum system adopts the design idea of dynamic optimization, closely follows the development and changes of international rules, pays attention to the latest trends of international taxation, continuously updates and dynamically adjusts according to the actual needs and feedback from students’ questionnaires, aiming at the innovation of taxation theory and practice. At the same time, we will draw on and absorb opinions from all walks of life, welcome countries to share their best practices on the alliance platform, and continue to invite experts from all walks of life to participate in teaching, open to the world and constantly improve.

State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China, China actively participated in the curriculum design of the Alliance, and introduced and shared the experiences and practices of China tax authorities. In the next step, according to the development plan of the Alliance, the Alliance Office will work with all participants and lecturers to promote courseware production and translation, video recording and online courses in an orderly manner, further optimize and improve the courses according to the actual situation, and make preparations for opening offline courses.

Thank you!

China Youth Daily reporter asked questions.

6. China Youth Daily reporter: We are concerned that in recent years, some criminals have carried out tax-related fraud through the Internet. Excuse me, how can taxpayers prevent this kind of fraud? What has the tax department done to crack down on online tax-related fraud?

Huang Yun:Thank you for your question. As you said, in recent years, some lawless elements have used the Internet and new media to conduct false guidance and even implement online tax-related fraud, extending the "black hand" to taxpayers.

According to the information we have collected, there are at least the following types of online tax-related fraud: some directly swindle taxpayers’ money to gain illegal benefits, some illegally defraud taxpayers’ information, especially personal privacy and business secrets, for "gray transactions", and some deliberately create panic to attract taxpayers to expand their business. From the point of view of means, criminals usually pretend to be tax officials in the form of text messages, telephone calls, internet or even direct visits, and use tax inspection, winning prizes and other excuses to induce taxpayers to transfer payments or provide relevant information; Others use video clips, online training and other means to distort and interpret tax policies and tax management, and deceive taxpayers in the name of helping solve tax-related problems to achieve their illegal profit.

Here, we give the taxpayers some tips to prevent fraud and fraud:The first is to raise awareness of prevention.In case of pretending to be a tax official to collect taxes and fees, promoting various "new policies" for tax refund or receiving unknown links and QR codes forged as tax-related information, we must be highly vigilant, refuse temptation, calmly identify, and never reveal privacy or make transfer payments.The second is to identify official channels.Carry out business handling and tax-related consultation through the official websites of the State Administration of Taxation and local tax authorities, service hotlines, electronic tax bureaus and other channels. Don’t trust unofficial information and channels, and beware of fraud induced by criminals.The third is to report and verify in time.In case of any relevant situation, please consult the 12366 service hotline or the competent tax authorities for further verification, or immediately call 110 and the national anti-fraud hotline 96110 for help.

The State Administration of Taxation attaches great importance to cracking down on online tax-related fraud, continues to carry out anti-fraud propaganda, and actively establishes and improves the linkage mechanism with public security departments to carry out governance. At the same time, the State Internet Information Office and the State Administration of Markets jointly issued the "On Regulating Tax-related Intermediary Services   The Notice on Promoting the Healthy Development of the Tax-related Intermediary Industry severely investigated and dealt with illegal acts such as false propaganda information and malicious tax planning by tax-related intermediaries, and publicly exposed a number of typical cases with bad nature.

In the next step, we will continue to intensify efforts to control tax-related fraud and public exposure, strengthen the crackdown and strengthen the shock, and fully protect the national tax interests and the legitimate rights and interests of taxpayers.

Thank you!

Huang Yun:Because of the time, the question-and-answer session ends here. In the next step, the national tax system will continue to follow the guidance of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era, thoroughly implement the spirit of the 20th Party Congress, and continue to carry out the "Spring Breeze Action to Facilitate Taxes" in accordance with the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, constantly optimize the tax business environment, actively promote high-quality development, fully serve the high-level opening up, give full play to and expand the basic, pillar and supportive role of tax revenue in national governance, and promote the overall improvement of economic operation and achieve effective upgrading and upgrading of quality.

Today’s press conference is over. Thank you again for your friends from the media.

　　Xu Peng correspondent Chang Yongzhen recently learned from Zaozhuang Public Security Bureau of Shandong Province that after three months of careful layout, Xuecheng Public Security Bureau destroyed criminal gangs that set up casinos in Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui and other places, arrested 278 suspects including Zhou, destroyed 404 dens and seized 380 gambling machines, involving more than 20 million yuan. To this end, the Ministry of Public Security specially sent a congratulatory message to congratulate the bureau on successfully detecting the case of "6 19" opening a casino.

　　The time goes back to April 28th, 2018. During the daily public security management, the police of Tao Zhuang Police Station of Xuecheng Branch found that someone in a supermarket in this town used gambling machines to gamble. The police immediately inspected the supermarket and seized four gambling machines on the spot. Then the police summoned the supermarket owner Cao to the police station for investigation. During the inquiry, the keen police found that Cao was unclear about the basic situation of machine maintenance and the amount of gambling funds, and suspected that the case was otherwise hidden.

　　On May 12th, Xuecheng Branch continued to investigate Cao’s suspicion of opening a casino as a criminal case. With the unremitting efforts of the police, Cao confessed the basic facts of the case. Since April 2017, he and others have placed gambling machines and fishing machines in supermarkets operated by individuals for others to gamble, involving more than 30,000 yuan. At the same time, Cao confessed that the gambling machine in his store was placed by Anhui people, and Anhui people would regularly collect gambling money and maintain the gambling machine.

　　After investigation, Cao was an Anhui native who set up gambling outlets in many provinces. According to the idea of "information flow looking for clues, capital flow looking for evidence", the task force started with the bills involved and the flow of funds, made full use of big data resources such as public security cloud and police thousand degrees, and with the technical support of relevant business departments of Zaozhuang Public Security Bureau, strengthened in-depth analysis and judgment on the information of criminal suspects’ social activities, information communication, etc., and made comprehensive analysis of public security big data, screening and tracking at different levels, and carefully combed the network and organizational structure of the criminal gang.

　　After preliminary investigation, it was determined that the leader of the gang was Zhou Mougan, a native of Huaibei, Anhui Province, and Zhou Moushuai and Chen Mou Dong were its backbone forces. The crimes were committed in ten leeway cities such as Anhui, Shandong and Jiangsu provinces.

　　On the basis of fully grasping the suspect’s foothold, on July 17, more than 30 police officers of the task force went to Huaibei City to carry out the network-closing operation, and arrested 10 gang members such as the suspect Zhou Mogan. Shortly thereafter, the 10 action teams of the task force rushed to Yicheng, Shizhong, Shanting, Tengzhou and other districts and cities in Zaozhuang City, Suzhou City in Anhui Province, Xuzhou City in Jiangsu Province, Linyi, Jining, Heze and other surrounding cities in our province, respectively, and concentrated on the key targets that were sorted out in advance, and arrested 22 suspects.

　　On August 8, 2018, in accordance with the unified deployment of the "broken chain" action of the Ministry of Public Security, the area involved in the case carried out a centralized sweeping operation, and 38 gambling machines of various types were seized, 5 people were detained in criminal detention, 1 person was released on bail pending trial, and 7 people were administratively punished. At present, the case has arrested 278 suspects, destroyed 404 dens and seized 380 gambling machines.

　　Because the case spans many provinces and cities, involving many people, it is very difficult to investigate the case, and the Ministry of Public Security, provincial offices and municipal bureaus have given strong support in technical strength, regional coordination, judgment and analysis. Due to the seriousness of the case, Xuecheng Branch established a task force with Sun Hongwei, deputy head of Xuecheng District Government and director of the branch, as the commander, and the main responsible comrades of various police types as members. More than 130 police officers and auxiliary police officers were deployed to participate in the investigation of the project. All police types and departments firmly established the idea of "playing a game of chess", fighting joint warfare, synthetic warfare and regional coordinated warfare, and formed a concerted effort to tackle the problem.

Recently, Fred Lambert, a reporter from foreign media electrek, released a video that was tested in the Blue Ridge Mountains in North Carolina. The video shows that during the test, this version of the FSD existed many times, that is, the vehicle suddenly slowed down without necessity, and even almost drove the car to a cliff.

Fred was always ready to take over during the test. In this test, Fred only took over once, that is, the time when Tesla FSD Beta V10.12 drove the car to the cliff.

On the whole, during the 13-minute test, the overall performance of Tesla FSD beta version V10.12 is ok, but many times of "ghost braking" and wrong judgment are still frightening, and problems such as "ghost braking" still need to be solved.

Fred said that the reason why he chose to test in the Blue Ridge Mountains is that there are few intersections here and the road traffic markings are clear. He believes that in this environment, Tesla’s FSD will perform well.

This is also the case. In most cases in the test, the computer vision inspection system of FSD Beta V10.12 runs well, and Fred’s Model 3 always stays in the center of the lane.

▲ the path of FSD planning

In the middle of the test, Fred met hikers, who were close to the road and the road was not covered by shoulders. Tesla FSD Beta V10.12 version, then controlled the vehicle to slow down, and even planned to drive a little to the left to make way for the hikers.

However, in addition to these advantages, Tesla FSD Beta V10.12 has some serious shortcomings.

Fred said that the most annoying thing about FSD Beta V10.12 is that the vehicle suddenly slows down without sufficient reason.

The video shows that "ghost braking" happened several times during driving. Although Fred feels that the sudden deceleration is not so obvious when the "ghost brake" occurs, it may only be because the speed of this test is a little slow.

In addition, Fred also noticed that the speed of Tesla FSD Beta V10.12 in controlling the turning of vehicles is also somewhat inconsistent. As you can see in the video, Tesla’s FSD controls the vehicle to slow down at some corners that don’t seem to need to slow down.

▲ FSD controls the vehicle to turn.

In addition, in the 8-mile (about 12.8 km) and 13-minute test, Fred only took over the driver once, but this time it was taken over in a very dangerous situation.

In the 12th minute and 56th second of the test, Tesla FSD Beta V10.12 controls the vehicle to turn sharply too fast. When Fred found that the car was crossing two lanes and heading for the other side of the road, he immediately stepped on the brakes. It was a very scary moment.

▲ Tesla FSD turned sharply and almost threw the owner off the cliff.

Strangely, the FSD beta version V 10.12 should know that there is a sharp turn in this road and it is necessary to slow down the vehicle. Because its speed is 10 mph (16 km/h) slower than the set speed, but somehow it didn’t correctly predict that turn.

In addition, it can be seen from the predicted path (blue line) displayed on the screen inside the car.

According to Fred’s test video, there are still many problems in Tesla’s FSD Beta V10.12 version. Although this version has greatly improved the recognition of some straight roads and vehicles, the problems of "ghost braking" and automatic turning still need to be solved.

This test also reminds Tesla owners that if they use this version of the test software, they still need to be highly vigilant and ready to take over at any time to ensure driving safety.

　　According to the website of China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission continues to promote the opening of banking and insurance industry to the outside world, optimize the business environment for foreign investors in the financial sector, enrich market supply, enhance market vitality, enhance competitiveness and promote the healthy development of China’s financial industry. Recently, seven new policies and measures for opening to the outside world have been studied and released.

　　I. Encourage overseas financial institutions to participate in the establishment and investment of financial subsidiaries of commercial banks.

　　The Measures for the Administration of Financial Subsidiaries of Commercial Banks clearly stipulates that financial subsidiaries of banks can be wholly-owned by commercial banks, or jointly funded with domestic and foreign financial institutions and domestic non-financial enterprises. Introducing foreign financial institutions with expertise and international influence in wealth management and investing in bank wealth management subsidiaries is conducive to introducing advanced and mature investment concepts, business strategies, incentive mechanisms and compliance risk control systems in the international asset management industry, further enriching the supply of financial products, stimulating the vitality of market competition and promoting the healthy and orderly development of China’s bank wealth management business. China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission will guide qualified and willing banks to strengthen active contact with relevant foreign-funded financial institutions, and continue to encourage and guide bank wealth management subsidiaries to do a good job in introducing foreign capital.

　　Two, allow overseas asset management institutions and subsidiaries of Chinese banks or insurance companies to set up a foreign-controlled wealth management company.

　　China’s asset management market has a huge scale and development potential, and it is difficult for existing asset management institutions to fully meet the rapidly growing diversified market demand. Compared with international advanced asset management institutions, most of the asset management institutions of Chinese banks and insurance companies, including wealth management subsidiaries, have been established for a short time and have less experience. At present, Chinese banks, insurance companies and foreign advanced asset management institutions are mainly engaged in business cooperation, allowing joint ventures to set up foreign-controlled wealth management companies, which is conducive to introducing international advanced asset management practices and professional experience, promoting the steady development of asset management industry and capital market, giving play to the respective advantages of Chinese and foreign asset management institutions, further enriching market players and business products, and meeting the diversified service needs of investors. At the same time, the existing asset management subsidiaries of Chinese banks and insurance companies can complement each other with their foreign wealth management companies, and develop at a moderate dislocation.

　　Overseas asset management institutions and subsidiaries of Chinese banks or insurance companies are allowed to jointly set up foreign-controlled wealth management companies. In the early stage, pilot methods can be adopted to give priority to supporting the entry of mature and stable wealth management institutions recognized in foreign markets. Both RMB funds can be raised and some foreign currency long-term funds can be raised. In the pilot process, China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission will pay more attention to the professionalism, prudence and stability of supervision, pay more attention to the supervision after the event, guide the steady development of institutional compliance through on-site inspection and off-site supervision, sum up the pilot experience in a timely manner, and study and expand the pilot scope in a timely manner.

　　Three, allow overseas financial institutions to invest in the establishment and shareholding of pension management companies.

　　At present, China’s pension management market is dominated by the second pillar enterprise annuity fund management, with limited scale and growth. However, the domestic pension management company is still in the pilot stage, and the pilot adopts the method of one mature company and one approved company. There is only one Jianxin pension management company established by CCB. Allowing foreign investors to set up pension management companies is conducive to increasing the types of subjects, enhancing market vitality, introducing mature pension management experience and improving the level of pension investment management. In the next step, China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission will promote the improvement of relevant laws and regulations, and continue to adopt the method of "one mature company, one approved company", and work with relevant ministries and commissions to do a good job in the licensing of pension management companies.

　　Four, support the establishment of wholly foreign-owned or equity money brokerage companies.

　　In 2005, the State Council approved the pilot of money brokerage companies. Since the pilot, five money brokerage companies have been established to actively carry out transactions in foreign exchange market, money market, bond market and derivative products market at home and abroad, which has played a positive role in activating China’s financial market, improving transaction efficiency and reducing transaction costs. At present, the top five money brokerage companies in the world have all participated in the establishment of five money brokerage companies in China through joint ventures.

　　Further increasing the proportion of foreign shares in money brokerage companies is conducive to giving full play to the management advantages of foreign shareholders, improving the operating efficiency of money brokerage companies, promoting orderly competition in the industry, and improving the transparency and transaction efficiency of financial markets. China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission actively supports Chinese and foreign shareholders of existing currency brokerage companies to determine their own foreign share ratios on the basis of equal consultation. At the same time, on the basis of comprehensive evaluation of the impact of newly established currency brokerage companies on the existing market competition pattern, we will steadily promote the establishment of new foreign currency brokerage companies.

　　5. Shorten the transition period from 51% to 100% for foreign-funded life insurance companies to 2020.　

　　On July 2, 2019, Premier Li Keqiang delivered a special speech at the opening ceremony of the 2019 Davos Forum, saying that the original stipulation of canceling the foreign life insurance share ratio limit in 2021 would be advanced to 2020. Abolishing the share ratio restriction of foreign-funded life insurance companies will help attract more high-quality foreign-funded insurance institutions to enter the China market, introduce more advanced business concepts and more diversified life insurance products, enhance the vitality of the life insurance market and provide better services for the real economy. In the next step, China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission will promote the promulgation of "Regulations on the Administration of Foreign-funded Insurance Companies in People’s Republic of China (PRC)" and other relevant laws and regulations, and timely implement the regulations in relevant administrative licensing work. At the same time, strengthen post-event supervision and maintain market order.

　　Six, cancel the provisions of domestic insurance companies holding the shares of insurance asset management companies shall not be less than 75%, allowing foreign investors to hold more than 25% of the shares.　

　　Loosening the restrictions on the foreign shareholding ratio of insurance asset management companies is conducive to absorbing the experience and practices of excellent overseas insurance institutions, stimulating the vitality of the domestic insurance asset management market, promoting the improvement of the asset management capabilities of insurance asset management companies, and better serving the preservation and appreciation of insurance assets.　

　　In the next step, China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission will promptly revise the Interim Provisions on the Administration of Insurance Asset Management Companies and implement the opening-up measures. While opening wider to the outside world, China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission will continue to improve the regulatory requirements of insurance asset management companies, strengthen the management of shareholders’ qualifications, further strengthen the continuous compliance requirements of insurance asset management companies, and effectively guard against various risks.　

　　Seven, relax the access conditions of foreign-funded insurance companies, cancel the 30-year operating life requirement.

　　At present, foreign insurance companies to set up foreign-funded insurance companies in China need to meet the requirements of operating insurance business for more than 30 years. In recent years, with the deepening of opening to the outside world, most foreign insurance companies in Fortune Global 500 have entered China and played an active role in the insurance market in China. The cancellation of the 30-year operating life requirement has created conditions for foreign insurance companies with operating characteristics and expertise but insufficient operating life to come to China, which is conducive to further enriching insurance market players and insurance professional services and promoting the high-quality development of the insurance industry.

　　Welcome more qualified foreign insurance companies to set up business offices in China, combine their advanced experience with the reality of China, and promote each other with Chinese companies in the competition to jointly serve the real economy and the increasingly diversified financial service needs of consumers. China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission will immediately start the revision of relevant laws and regulations, and put them into practice upon completion.

　　Chen Xinfeng, the person in charge of the ecological park, and the staff are carrying out professional leaf splitting, flower thinning and fruit thinning on the elevated strawberries to ensure the quality after listing. This is the second year that he has cultivated strawberries without soil. Compared with the traditional cultivation of strawberries, this cultivation technology has a better planting environment and greatly improved the picking experience of tourists.　

　　

Tourists pick and punch cards in the high-ridge strawberry greenhouse.　

　　"Our main varieties are ice cream strawberries, chocolate strawberries and cream strawberries. The output of each greenhouse is about 4,000 kilograms, and each kilogram can be sold to 45 yuan. From now until June, it is the peak season for picking, and the total income is expected to reach 300,000 yuan." Chen Xinfeng told reporters that the strawberries he planted were well received by the market. In addition to supplying local supermarkets, many customers in Zhengzhou and Luoyang booked them, which was in short supply.　

The person in charge introduced the situation of soilless cultivation of strawberries for tourists who came to pick them.　

　　Inspired by "elevated" strawberries, in 2024, Chen Xinfeng transformed the strawberry greenhouse into a smart agricultural greenhouse to plant "high-ridge" strawberries to improve quality and yield. In the transformation, he raised the ridge by 30 cm with steel frame, which is more suitable for the development of sightseeing and picking agriculture; Adopt intelligent drip irrigation and water circulation heating technology system to accurately control air humidity and nutrient supply, and ensure stable growth environment while saving water and fertilizer; Using physical pest control and biological control technology to replace traditional pesticides to ensure that strawberries are green and pollution-free; Equipped with automatic temperature control and light supplement equipment, so that strawberry growth is not limited by natural conditions; Pure water irrigation is used to provide high-quality and stable water source for strawberry growth and accurately meet water demand. At the same time, he also introduced the drone pollination technology of "low temperature tolerance, no flight and no shed collision", which not only improved the fruit setting rate of strawberries, but also improved the fruit quality, making the fruit shape correct and the taste sweet.　

　　Walking into the meat rabbit breeding base in Hanxi Village, Dading Street, rows of modern breeding cages are uniform, and fat meat rabbits are eating and drinking leisurely. The head of the base, Mao Xing, observed the growth of rabbits and carefully recorded them. "At present, there are 144 groups of modern breeding cages in our base, with a total of more than 3,400 meat rabbits, with an annual slaughter of more than 60,000, which can generate income of 500,000 yuan." Mao Xing happily talked to the reporter about the "rabbit breeding".　

Technicians check the growth of meat rabbits.　

　　There are only three or four workers in the clean and tidy breeding shed, thanks to the automatic breeding equipment introduced by the base. Automatic temperature control technology can adjust the temperature of the breeding shed in time, which is more suitable for the growth of meat rabbits; Set the feeding time on the computer, automatically start the feeding function at the point of arrival, and automatically cut off the power after feeding, feeding 1-6 times a day, which better caters to the physiological characteristics of rabbits with less food and more meals; The automatic excrement cleaning system can automatically clean excrement, reduce ammonia smell and flies and mosquitoes, reduce the disease probability and mortality of meat rabbits, and improve the survival rate of young rabbits. In addition, the rabbit manure is also used as agricultural fertilizer and exported to Fujian and Shaanxi, which increases the economic benefits.　

　　"This meat rabbit breeding project can also increase the income of the village collective by 100,000 yuan every year. In the next step, the two village committees will encourage interested people to learn rabbit breeding technology, so that meat rabbit breeding will become a characteristic industry in the village and a project to increase people’s income." Yao Jialian, secretary of the village party branch, introduced.　

　　The industry is prosperous, the countryside is strong and the villagers are rich. In recent years, mengzhou city has continuously intensified the adjustment of agricultural industrial structure. By increasing the popularization and application of intelligent agricultural technologies such as drones, Internet of Things and big data in agricultural production, it has changed the extensive production management mode of traditional agriculture, improved agricultural production efficiency, improved the output and quality of agricultural products, and promoted the sustainable development of agriculture.　

　　It is reported that in the next step, mengzhou city will promote agricultural modernization and intelligence by cultivating high-quality agricultural skilled talents in the new era, accelerating the application of smart agricultural technology, strengthening the guarantee of data elements, and strengthening the construction of talent teams, empowering the masses with smart agriculture, helping the rural areas to fully revitalize, and painting a new picture of a beautiful countryside with strong agriculture, beautiful countryside and rich farmers.　

　　(Guangming Daily full media reporter Michael Cui correspondent Hou Wei Chen Daoming)　

　　Bitcoin’s "madness" in this round has been somewhat lasting.

　　On January 5, according to the data of Huobi.com, a domestic bitcoin trading platform, at 1: 10 am, the price of bitcoin broke through the historical high of 8,000 yuan three years ago, setting a historical record. As of 8: 45 on January 5, the highest price of bitcoin reached 8650 yuan, and the price increased by more than 260% within one year.

　　The British "Guardian" said that market analysts believe that the main driving force for this round of bitcoin price surge is in China — — In 2016, the RMB depreciated by nearly 7%, the worst performance in 20 years, which triggered a huge demand for Bitcoin.

　　The historical highest price of Bitcoin was 8,000 yuan on November 19th, 2013. A month ago, the price of Bitcoin was still hovering around 1000 yuan, and it tripled in a short time. However, this price fell after less than 1 minute, and then it bottomed out all the way, reaching a minimum of 933 yuan.

　　Compared with that rise, Bitcoin rose slightly steadily this time, from 2,351 yuan in early 2016 to 8,000 yuan in early 2017.

　　Zhu Jiawei, COO of Huobi.com, said that this round of 8,000 yuan market is very different from that in 2013: First of all, the current bitcoin transaction volume is not the same as that of that year. When the highest price of Huobi was 8,000 yuan in 2013, the weekly transaction volume was 393,000 bitcoins, with a weekly amplitude of 103%, which was very small and was greatly affected by funds; Now, when the price of bitcoin breaks 8,000 yuan, the transaction volume in the four days after Huobi Net Festival is 7.35 million bitcoins, which is 37 times of that year’s transaction volume. The price amplitude in the four days after New Year’s Day in 2017 is 15.95%, which is much more stable than that year.

　　In addition, Zhu Jiawei believes that after the application of Bitcoin is promoted, the price tends to be stable. Although Bitcoin rose by 260% from 2016 to 2017, it won the top spot among many investment varieties. However, in the whole year of 2016, according to the data of Huobi. com, the daily price of Bitcoin rose and fell by 10% or more in less than five days, while in 2013, the daily price rose and fell by about 10%.

　　For Bitcoin entering the bull market in the past year, Zhu Jiawei analyzed the reasons: First, the underlying technology blockchain of Bitcoin has been recognized by major banks and financial institutions around the world; Secondly, in early 2016, the central bank held a digital currency seminar to start studying digital currency and blockchain technology; This year, domestic mainstream investment products, including stock market, property market, gold, etc., performed poorly on the whole, while bitcoin rose very well, and funds turned to bitcoin investment channels; Bitcoin halved its output for the second time in July 2016, which also promoted market sentiment fluctuations and pushed up prices.

　　Xu Mingxing, founder and CEO of OKCoin, another bitcoin trading platform in China, analyzed this wave of gains: "According to the laws of the trading market, investment products will rise if they follow a long decline, and will fall if they rise for a long time. Judging from the cycle of Bitcoin, this price increase is a long-term cumulative result after the price peak in 2013. But it is investors’ confidence in Bitcoin that affects the price of Bitcoin for a long time. "

　　The US "Wall Street Journal" reported in May last year that some analysts said that the rise of Bitcoin was mainly driven by the demand in China market brought about by the recent RMB depreciation, and the two major bitcoin trading platforms in China — — Huobi and OKCoin— — At present, it constitutes about 92% of the total global bitcoin transactions.

　　Just as the speculators were ecstatic, the Financial Times "poured a pot of cold water", saying that the value of Bitcoin was zero.

　　"A trading intermediary is always ups and downs, then it is a useless currency. In fact, Bitcoin has all the characteristics of pyramid scams. It requires that believers continue to enter the market to push up prices, and this is based on the promise that more believers will join in the future, so the value of Bitcoin will be the same as that of all pyramid scams. Zero. " The Financial Times reported on January 4th that.

　　In China, bitcoin as a currency has never been recognized by the regulatory authorities. Five ministries and commissions, including the central bank, said in the Notice on Preventing Bitcoin Risks issued in December 2013 that although Bitcoin is called "currency", it is not a real currency because it is not issued by the monetary authorities, and it does not have monetary attributes such as legal compensation and compulsion. In nature, bitcoin should be a specific virtual commodity, which does not have the same legal status as currency, and cannot and should not be used as currency in the market.

　　Xinhua News Agency, Chengdu, March 20th Question: Have you found the answers to all the N kinds of legends about Sanxingdui?

　　Xinhua News Agency reporters Wang Peng, Shi Yuxi and Tong Fang.

　　With the announcement of new archaeological discoveries in Sanxingdui site, people’s eyes once again focus on this magical land.

　　Since the discovery of No.1 and No.2 "sacrificial pits" in Sanxingdui site in 1986, people have never stopped discussing it. A large number of shocking and mysterious cultural relics unearthed in the "sacrificial pit" have aroused a lot of speculation in the world.

　　Have you found the answers to those legends about Sanxingdui?

　　Legend 1: Is Sanxingdui an alien civilization?

　　Sanxingdui bronze vertical mask (Xinhua News Agency)

　　Huge ears, bulging eyes, and a big mouth wide to the ears … … Some people who eat melons believe that Sanxingdui is an alien civilization, and the grotesque bronze masks, bronze statues, bronze sacred trees and other cultural relics of Sanxingdui are alien works.

　　Experts are firmly opposed to this statement! The ancient Shu civilization, represented by Sanxingdui, is an important part of the pluralistic origin of Chinese civilization. Among the cultural relics unearthed in Sanxingdui, bronze statues, bronze rings, jade Zhang, jade cong, jade bi and jade ge are consistent with the Yellow River basin, which shows that Sanxingdui has the common attributes of Chinese culture. The familiar cultural relics with strange shapes and magnificent atmosphere, such as bronze standing man, bronze sacred tree and bronze vertical mask, not only show the brilliance of ancient Shu civilization, but also show the richness and diversity of Chinese culture.

　　In other words, Sanxingdui civilization is "made in China" and has nothing to do with aliens.

　　Legend 2: Sanxingdui people "moved" to Jinsha?

　　The gold mask unearthed from Jinsha site (left) and the newly discovered gold mask in Sanxingdui (imposition picture)

　　The newly discovered gold mask of Sanxingdui "made a stunning appearance", and the sharp-eyed netizens saw at a glance: this is the same as the gold mask of Jinsha! Not only the gold mask, but also the ornamentation, jade Zhang, jade chisel, ivory &hellip on the golden crown belt of Jinsha and the golden staff of Sanxingdui; … There are many cultural relics in the two sites. So can we think that people from Sanxingdui "moved" to Jinsha?

　　Experts believe that this high similarity between Jinsha site and Sanxingdui site proves that they belong to the same cultural system, and there must be some special connection between the two sites. Combined with the archaeological findings in recent years, we can think that Jinsha culture is the inheritance and development of Sanxingdui culture, and both of them have become an important part of the development of ancient Shu civilization.

　　Legend 3: Sanxingdui Archaeological Excavated "Angry Birds" with the same pig?

　　"Angry Birds" with the same pig (Xinhua News Agency)

　　Just last July, Sichuan Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology announced that an important site — — Joint site, unearthed a large number of cultural relics. Among them, a clay pottery pig is cute and cute, which is very similar to the villain green pig in Angry Birds. Netizens exclaimed: Is this the predecessor of Angry Birds?

　　In fact, experts believe that the joint site of this clay sculpture pottery pig unearthed should be an important settlement around the ruins of Sanxingdui ancient city. The joint site covers four cultural factors, namely, Guiyuan Bridge, Baodun Bridge, Sanxingdui Bridge and Twelve Bridges. It is the first time that a complete sequence of ancient Shu civilization has been found around Sanxingdui. Among them, the main cultural factors of Sanxingdui are the most abundant in the joint site, and a large number of cultural relics similar to Sanxingdui have been unearthed.

　　There are not only "villain green pigs", but also a large number of high-handled beans, hollowed-out beans (plates) and small flat-bottomed cans have been unearthed and restored at the joint site. It is worth mentioning that the pottery with the combination pattern of dragons and phoenixes carved on the yinxian line was unearthed in the late Shang Dynasty, and it is the earliest pottery with the pattern of "dragons and phoenixes are auspicious" found in China.

　　Legend 4: The "bronze giant" holds a "selfie stick" in his hand?

　　Sanxingdui "Bronze Man" (Xinhua News Agency)

　　Among the numerous bronze statues in Sanxingdui, the "bronze giant" is well known. Its overall image is solemn and solemn, and its hands are hollow. For a long time, people have been speculating whether he holds some kind of instrument in his hand. Even naughty netizens think that he is holding a "selfie stick" in his hand.

　　At present, there is no final conclusion on this issue in academic circles. Experts discussed that the "bronze standing man" may hold ivory, jade cong or scepter. The "Bronze Big Liren" wears a high crown, narrow sleeves and a half-arm-style three-layer dress, with complex and exquisite clothes, mainly dragon patterns, supplemented by bird patterns, insect patterns and eye patterns, and plaid stripes. It seems that his identity is an ancient Shu "high priest" with extraordinary skills.

　　There is no end to the exploration of Sanxingdui civilization.

　　Up to now, archaeologists have unearthed more than 500 important cultural relics in the six Sanxingdui cultural "sacrificial pits" newly discovered at Sanxingdui site.

　　I believe that in the future, through the detection and analysis of these cultural relics, more puzzles about Sanxingdui will be revealed. The true face of this ancient civilization, which has been buried deep underground for 3 thousand years, will become more and more clear.

　　We will wait and see … …

　　Whether the safe-haven value of gold still exists or not has become a hot topic of concern to many market investors. From a fundamental point of view, the price of gold must prove that the annual increase of 1.7% still exists, but the long-term fundamental supply and demand are being questioned and challenged.

　　Chimp Investor columnist Peter Elston mentioned that he considered what he could learn from the long-term price trend of gold, the so-called technicality. The final conclusion is that although the inflation-adjusted return of gold may still be poor in absolute value in the short term, it may still be better than that of stocks, bonds and cash, especially if the inflation rate remains high in the next few years.

　　He also suggested that in the past 50 years, the inflation-adjusted annual appreciation trend of gold price should remain unchanged at 1.7%, because the growth rate of global real wealth may continue to exceed this value. However, this is too simplistic and assumes that the fundamental reason for buying gold will not change much, which should be challenged.

　　This article focuses on the root cause of gold’s popularity, its supply dynamics, and its fundamentals, to see if they still prove that the above historical trend, the actual price increase of 1.7% per year still exists.

　　Gold is an iron-loving element, which means that it is heavy, easy to dissolve in iron, and doesn’t like to combine with oxygen. The oxide of gold is actually thermodynamically unstable. Therefore, its concentration is higher in the deep core and mantle than in the crust. Compared with the very low occurrence rate of the whole crust, the exploitable gold deposits are even rarer. In addition, the mineable deposits have now been exhausted, so that the annual output of gold has been flat since 2016. In the absence of major changes in mining technology and/or a drop in energy prices, this slowdown in annual output may continue.

　　The chemical inertness of gold makes it very suitable for jewelry, electronic products, dentistry, aerospace and value storage as gold bars and coins. The World Gold Council estimates that by the end of 2021, 205,238 tons of gold have been discovered/mined in the past 6,000 years, and the proven unexploited reserves total 53,000 tons, the latter figure is lower than 54,000 tons in 2019. It is also estimated that there are 15,000 tons of gold dissolved in the world’s oceans, equivalent to about 10 parts per trillion.

　　It is the inertia and rarity of gold that endows it with intrinsic value, that is, its practicality and practicality. Warren Buffett once wrote a famous saying that gold is dug out of the ground in Africa or somewhere, and then we melt it, dig a hole, bury it, and then pay people to stand around and guard it. It is not practical, and anyone who watches it from Mars will be puzzled.

　　But Elston doubts that Buffett will shine in the short term, but he will surely see that many people have done so for thousands of years and will almost certainly continue to do so. Besides, if he has a mobile phone or a tooth filling, he may benefit from the utility of gold to a greater extent than he is willing to mention.

　　As for the use breakdown of 205,238 tons of above-ground inventory, jewelry accounts for 46%, privately owned gold bars, coins and ETFs account for 22%, the central bank accounts for 17%, and other uses such as electronics, dentistry and aerospace account for 15%. It is estimated that as much as 80% of the newly mined or recycled gold is used for jewelry manufacturing.

　　Looking forward to the future of gold, it needs to be clear that Elston is not interested in the factors that may affect the short-term price performance of gold. They are essentially emotional-driven and unpredictable. In addition, compared with the long-term possible percentage change, the short-term performance is insignificant.

　　In other words, the really important factors are those related to basic supply and demand. They will determine the long-term performance of inflation-adjusted gold prices. For example, whether it will increase by 300% or decrease by 75% in the next decade. In his view, this is exactly what the market should pay attention to, not whether the nominal price of the US dollar will fall below $1,500 in the next few weeks.

　　As mentioned above, the annual gold production has been declining and has been flat since 2016. Environmental problems limit the potential of new discoveries. The progress of mining technology is related to the use of unmanned aerial vehicles, virtual reality, self-driving cars and blasting optimization. They didn’t, in fact, solve the basic law in a meaningful way, that is, the deeper you want to dig, the more energy you need.

　　Although 75% of the annual gold demand is met by mining gold supply, the shortage is made up by recycling, mainly jewelry. In the short term, the supply of recycled gold is sensitive to the price of gold. In addition, the dynamics behind the basic supply of recycled gold are unlikely to change significantly.

　　About 6000 years ago, the first known use of gold was as decorative beads. It is hard to see how this established popularity will fundamentally change. According to the data of the World Bank, since 1971, the real GDP of the world has increased by 3.1% every year, while the appreciation trend of the real gold price in the same period is 1.7% every year. Generally speaking, in the past 50 years, the world’s real GDP has increased by 360%, which is 130% higher than the real gold price. In other words, the rise of gold prices in the past 50 years has been supported, proved and explained by the growth of global wealth.

　　In recent years, the net purchase of gold by central banks has been quite stable, with an average of about 500 tons per year. The use of gold, whether as jewelry or as a means of value storage, is inseparable from its chemical characteristics. Therefore, it seems unlikely that central banks will lose interest in holding physical gold in their vaults in the near future or even the distant future. Net purchases may vary from quarter to quarter, sometimes very different, but the long-term trend seems to have been established.

　　The demand for private investment in gold is probably the most interesting of the four main sources. Its utility as a private value store is similar to that of the central bank, that is, it is related to its chemical properties. However, economies of scale make it expensive and/or risky for private individuals to store gold at home, so most people hold gold in paper form, that is, certificates and ETFs. Proponents of cryptocurrency have seized this obvious inefficiency, claiming that things like bitcoin should be regarded as digital gold, thus invalidating the current utility of gold as a private sector value store.

　　The use of gold as jewelry and storage of private and public values is inseparable from its chemical characteristics, in other words, the demand for gold bars goes hand in hand with the demand for jewelry. Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies don’t have such basic attributes, and they never will. A USB flash drive storing encrypted access codes is unlikely to be worn as jewelry. Unless, of course, they are made of gold.

　　Elston said that the most interesting reason for the demand for private investment is that in difficult economic times, gold may be sold to buy more necessities, thus putting downward pressure on prices. However, in the severe economic difficulties, due to high inflation, people lose confidence in legal paper money, and the demand for it as a means of value storage will increase.

　　He is not sure whether he wants to live in a world where gold has replaced paper money as the main currency, but this does not mean that economic difficulties will continue but increase gradually in the long run. For example, global temperature rise, war, famine and epidemic diseases will not lead to the appreciation of gold prices.

　　Describe the various ways of gold, namely, value storage, inflation hedging, safe haven and investment. As should be clear, value storage is something that actually keeps its value. Gold has always been a means of value storage, and its inflation-adjusted price has shown an upward trend in the past 50 years. However, if you bought gold in 1981, you are actually still underwater. In other words, the actual decline of gold may exist and has existed for a specific period of several decades.

　　The reputation of gold as an inflation hedge tool was established in 1970s, 1980s and 1990s, but the relationship has not been obvious since then. It is true that in naughty times, when inflation fell, the real price of gold rose by more than 400%. Therefore, Elston is not sure whether the argument that gold is an inflation hedging tool is valid, except in severe economic difficulties, such as the use of hyperinflation in Germany.

　　Is gold a safe haven, that is, defensive? In other words, when risky assets such as stocks and high-yield bonds perform poorly, does it perform well? Similarly, there is no real evidence that this is indeed the case. It has not performed well this year, which is a period of poor performance of risky assets.

　　Finally, Elston never considered physical gold as an investment. This is because physical gold is different from stocks, bonds or property, and the former does not actually generate income. It is more similar to cash, and the portfolio allocation of physical gold should be regarded as a cash substitute. He finally stressed that this does not mean that high cash distribution is appropriate, and gold should be more popular as cash than legal tender.

　　Throughout modern history, smallpox has held the top spot in killing human beings.

　　Smallpox is also the first infectious disease eliminated by human beings.

　　When future generations are exploring what killed smallpox, the trekking about how human beings overcome diseases step by step has merged into the long river of human medical history.

　　It is necessary for us to wade into this river at any time, go back to the way we came and find hope for the future.

　　The pockmarked emperor and the milkmaid

　　It is mentioned in Huangdi Neijing that "poison" should be used to treat diseases, and the so-called "fight poison with poison". Traditional Chinese medicine began to use this method to deal with smallpox, which existed during the Tang and Song Dynasties. Doctors take out the serous fluid from the abscess of smallpox patients and implant it into the body of healthy people for prevention and treatment, which is called human pox vaccination.

　　During the Wanli and Apocalypse years of Ming Dynasty, various books about human pox appeared. By the Qing dynasty, the method of preventing smallpox by human pox vaccination was widely promoted. Kangxi, the "pockmarked-faced emperor" who had suffered from smallpox, set up a pox clinic under the Tai Hospital and recruited famous doctors. Also in Beijing, a special "acne check chapter Beijing" is set up to take charge of the Eight Banners’ acne prevention. He specially sent people to welcome Ayla Zhang, a well-known folk vaccinia doctor, into the palace to vaccinate the royal family and banners.

　　Jared diamond, an evolutionary biologist and anthropologist, once revealed how the human body can defeat the virus: in the process of resisting a certain pathogen that infects the human body, the human body will gradually form specific antibodies, which makes it unlikely to be infected by the same pathogen again after recovery.

　　In the thousands of years of confrontation between human beings and smallpox, the latter has occupied an absolute advantage for a long time, and "pockmarked face" is so common that people without pockmarked face become special.

　　The 18th century was the age when smallpox ravaged Europe, and the British doctor edward Cenna (1749-1829) devoted himself to studying the solution. He noticed that almost all the female milkmaids had no "pockmarked faces". The beautiful milkmaid aroused Qinna’s curiosity, and he found one thing in common with them — — Cowpox of a milkmaid.

　　Vaccinia is a virus that can be co-infected by humans and animals, but it does no serious harm to cattle and people. There is a saying in the English countryside that "as long as you have suffered from vaccinia, you will not get smallpox".

　　Since 1788, Qinna began to carry out experiments on animals, using vaccinia of dairy women instead of smallpox patients to fight smallpox. For 8 years in a row, the experiment pointed to the same result, and vaccinia can effectively prevent smallpox.

　　On May 14th, 1796, Qinna conducted the first human experiment. He took the serous fluid Sarah Nelmes, a milkmaid, and inoculated it on the arm of phipps, an 8-year-old boy. Two months later, he inoculated phipps with real smallpox slurry. As a result, the boy was not infected with smallpox, and the previous vaccination seemed to have made him immune.

　　In the following two years, Qinna conducted the same human experiment many times, and the results were the same: all children who had had vaccinia were immune to smallpox virus. In 1798, Chennault announced that smallpox could be prevented by vaccination.

　　Vaccinium vaccination spread rapidly around the world. In 1977, Ethiopia recorded the last case of smallpox in human history. On October 26, 1979, WHO officially publicized that smallpox was eradicated all over the world.

　　This is the first time in human history to win the battle against infectious diseases.

　　Fatal bacteria and life-saving bacteria

　　Although the practical application of vaccinia technology is very successful, scientists are not satisfied. People need to explain theoretically why vaccinia can fight smallpox.

　　In the 1950s, chemist Louis Pasteur confirmed the relationship between diseases and germs, and found that specific microbial pathogens could cause specific diseases. Moreover, he found that the long-term growth toxicity of bacteria on artificial culture medium would be weakened, but the immunogenicity still existed.

　　According to this theory, in 1881, Pasteur artificially attenuated Bacillus anthracis with strong immunogenicity and inoculated it into sheep, which finally proved that sheep inoculated with Bacillus anthracis vaccine would not get the disease again.

　　Rabies virus can not be isolated and cultured like bacteria, but Pasteur confirmed that the pathogenic microorganism causing rabies exists in the spinal cord or brain tissue of sick animals. Therefore, he chose rabbit brain for subculture to obtain attenuated strains, and then successfully made live vaccines.

　　With the development of microbiology and immunology, vaccine is really defined as active immunity preparation for preventing infectious diseases, which is made of pathogenic microorganisms (such as bacteria, rickettsia, viruses, etc.) and their metabolites by artificial attenuation, inactivation or genetic engineering.

　　Based on this method, more vaccines can appear. Attenuated live vaccine made by heating inactivation of Vibrio cholerae; After 13 years and 213 generations of continuous culture on the culture medium, attenuated BCG was obtained.

　　With the development of the discipline, some traditional classical vaccine varieties have been further transformed into new vaccines, and some vaccines that cannot be developed with classical technology have found ways to solve the problem.

　　In 1972, recombinant genetic engineering contributed a lot of technical support and gave birth to recombinant gene vaccine. By using DNA recombinant biotechnology, natural or synthetic genetic material which can induce immune response in protein of pathogen shell can be directionally inserted into bacteria, yeast or mammalian cells, and the vaccine can be made after expression and purification. Nowadays, BCG, recombination vaccines, SARS vaccine, HIV vaccine and highly pathogenic avian influenza vaccine are being studied.

　　Conjugate vaccine appeared in 1980s. Scientists linked sugar molecules with protein (toxoid of Clostridium tetanus or diphtheria) by chemical methods, and developed a conjugate vaccine. Vaccines against pneumonia and meningitis are made in this way.

　　Looking at the present, the vaccine that has attracted much attention is none other than nucleic acid vaccine. Nucleic acid vaccine, also known as gene vaccine or DNA vaccine, transports DNA vaccine to human cells through some carrier (such as nanoparticles), which will guide the cells to produce immune active components, and then the cells will "spit out" these active components to stimulate the human body to obtain corresponding immunity, but it will not cause disease.

　　Nucleic acid vaccine can even transfect food cells, such as inserting hepatitis B virus nucleic acid vaccine into the genome of tomato cells, and inoculating the vaccine when eating tomatoes.

　　Scientific and technological progress brings infinite possibilities, and the new exploration of vaccination methods is also the tireless pursuit of scientists. In addition to traditional injection methods, oral administration, skin patch, nasal spray and improved fruit are all targets.

　　A never-ending struggle

　　With the development of immunology research, people have more and more expectations for vaccines, hoping that they will not only "prevent diseases". Researchers are already in action, trying to achieve the effect of treating diseases or preventing diseases from worsening by inducing specific immune responses. Such vaccine products are therapeutic vaccines.

　　There are many therapeutic vaccines that have been studied all over the world: tumor vaccines used for tumor treatment use tumor antigens for active immunization to stimulate the body’s active specific immune response to tumors to prevent the growth, spread and metastasis of tumors; Vaccines used for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases aim at intervening the immune process to prevent the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis (AS). A Swiss biotechnology company said that CYT006-AngQb, a vaccine used to treat hypertension, has a good clinical development prospect … …

　　On the other hand, when human beings are struggling to move forward, the "perpetrators" of infectious diseases are not willing to be silent. Since 1970s, more than 40 infectious diseases have been discovered in the world, such as HIV virus, avian influenza virus, SARS virus, mad cow disease prion, monkeypox virus, Lyme virus, Ebola virus, Legionella, Vibrio cholerae O139 and so on. People’s common influenza viruses are constantly innovating. For example, after the "Spanish flu" caused by H1N1 virus, the "Asian flu" and the "Hong Kong flu" were staged by H3N2 subtype virus. Or a lower-grade flu, it is staged almost every few years in Europe, America and Asia. There are also new viruses that have never met each other, eyeing and hiding in the dark.

　　"The only competitor competing with humans for the dominance of the earth is the virus." The words of lederberg, the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1958, sounded like an alarm bell. In the past two hundred years, the confrontation between human beings and germs was the fiercest. For the first time, we turned the tables, stood in a pre-emptive position, and seized the throat of the biggest killer of human beings. Compared with the end of the 19th century, the average life expectancy of human beings has been extended for several decades.

　　We have opened the "box" of vaccines. Overcoming the challenge of disease again and again makes us believe that disease creates problems and also provides understanding.

　　Huaxi Dushi Bao-cover journalist Li Yuanli

　　[References]

　　1. zhangfang, from human pox to cowpox [J], Science World, 06, 2018;

　　2. [America] jared diamond, Guns, Germs and Steel, Shanghai Translation Publishing House;

　　3. Huang Jiandong, the milestone of human conquest of smallpox — — Jenner’s Invention of Vaccinium Inoculation [J], Invention and Innovation, 2003, (9): 42-43;

　　4, Liu Xueli, China’s ancient immune thought and human pox vaccination [J], Medicine and Philosophy, 1993 (11);

　　5. Kou Yi, Brief Introduction of Three Vaccine Revolutions [J], Chinese Journal of Medical History;

　　6. Plotkin, Vaccine Science (5th Edition) (Fine), People’s Health Publishing House, 2011;

　　7. Xie Zhongping and Li Qihan, Fighting Infectious Diseases: Application and Development of Vaccines, 2007.

Actress Aya Sugimoto was recently invited to shoot a group of public service advertisements for PETA, an animal protection association. On the 17th, she took a formal photo shoot in a studio in Tokyo.

　　Although she was used to nudity in filming, Aya Sugimoto felt a different sense of tension that day. Only one piece with the words "Fur? It’s better to be naked. "The advertisement board covers her chest. She said," So far, I feel naked is the feeling of wearing another suit, but this time I have a different sense of tension. I seem to have taken off all my clothes. " Having said that, the actress, who is famous for her sexy and erotic lines, still showed a provocative and dangerous expression when facing the camera. "I stopped wearing fur two years ago, hoping I could face the eyes of those dead animals." It seems that Erotic Queen still has a positive attitude and decisive action in environmental protection. I believe this is also the place that PETA invited her to appear in this group of advertisements.