The Dictionary of Modern Chinese Norms adds nearly a thousand new words, new words and new meanings into authoritative dictionaries.
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Sharing Economy, Overtaking in Curves, Top Design, World Heritage Application, peak carbon dioxide emissions, Carbon Neutralization … … These common words in recent years have been included in the newly revised Dictionary of Modern Chinese Standards, which records the development of the times.
Recently, state language commission’s key project "Dictionary of Modern Chinese Norms" completed a new round of revision and launched the fourth edition, which was jointly published by Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press and Chinese Publishing House. The lexicographer said that the timely inclusion of new words and new meanings in dictionaries highlights the development of society and the times.
Timely income of new words, new meanings and new usages
The newly revised Dictionary of Modern Chinese Standards contains more than 12,000 words, 72,000 headings and 80,000 examples, which basically reflects the vocabulary of modern Chinese. This revision has added nearly a thousand new words.
Li Xingjian, an advisory member of the State Language Committee and the moderator of the revision of the Dictionary of Modern Chinese Standards (Fourth Edition), said that the new words collected and released this time mainly come from three aspects: first, the political and economic aspects of current affairs, such as sharing the economy, making concerted efforts, overtaking in corners, top-level design, and supply side. Second, the new words that science and technology enter our daily life, such as WeChat official account, cloud computing, peak carbon dioxide emissions, carbon neutrality and so on. Third, new words from mass social life, such as just need, slow life, selfie, learning hegemony and so on. "These new words truly reflect the profound changes in all aspects caused by China’s social development and should be collected and interpreted in the dictionary in time." Li Xingjian said.
In recent years, some words have added new usages or changed their meanings, and this revision has also appropriately included new meanings and new usages of these words. For example, the word "second" adds the meaning of "borrowing a very short time (mostly used as an adverbial)", and the word "brush" adds "similar to ‘ Brush ’ The meaning of "input, output and identification of some information" is added to the word "cloud", and the meaning of "metaphor for providing computing services through computer networks (mostly the Internet)" is added.
In addition, the traditional cultural words such as Si Qi, Wen-yi-dao, Hou-de-zai, Xiangzi, Zhubian, Ju-yu and Zhuzhi Ci were added. In order to be close to Chinese teaching, this revision has specially added hints on the pronunciation and usage of some classical Chinese words in the Chinese textbook. For example, the "room" of "Epang Palace" is explained with hints "‘ Room ’ At ‘ Epang Palace ’ Read pánɡ "in middle school. Considering some actual situations in language life, the prompt "‘ Six ’ Words are used for place names ‘ Lu’ an ’ (in Anhui), ‘ Liuhe ’ When waiting (in Jiangsu), the locals read Lu "and so on.
Words also have the phenomenon of metabolism, and some words will be gradually eliminated with the development of society. This revision has deleted some outdated or less frequently used words, as well as some words with obvious meanings and little reference value. Such as single player, octal, rammer, firewood, etc.
Standardize use and ensure smooth and efficient communication
"Language is a tool for interpersonal communication. Only standardization can ensure smooth and efficient communication." Zhang Shiping, former deputy director of the Department of Language and Character Application Management of the Ministry of Education and the moderator of the revision of the Dictionary of Modern Chinese Norms (the fourth edition), said that the Dictionary of Modern Chinese Norms, as a major project of the State Language Commission, resolutely, comprehensively and systematically implements relevant norms, and its norms are manifested in pronunciation norms, font norms, vocabulary norms and word shape norms.
In recent years, the writing and pronunciation of some words have attracted frequent attention. The writing and pronunciation of some hot words are clearly stated in Modern Chinese Standard Dictionary. For example, the pronunciation of "lobbyist" is marked as "shuìkè" in Modern Chinese Standard Dictionary, and at the same time, in order to reflect the actual situation of social language, it is marked as "now also read shuì kè" at the back of the entry.
Zhang Shiping said: "The symbolic system of language and writing depends on the meaning recognized by the communicators, so it is necessary to standardize the language and writing. Standardization is the need to ensure smooth and efficient communication. The Dictionary of Modern Chinese Norms was compiled for this purpose. "
Both online dictionaries and traditional dictionaries have their own advantages.
At present, online dictionaries and online encyclopedias are very popular, and many netizens are used to looking up online dictionaries when they encounter problems. How do traditional paper dictionaries adapt to this trend?
Wang Fang, Party Secretary and President of Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, believes that as different forms of dictionaries, online dictionaries and paper dictionaries have their own advantages and complement each other. Network dictionaries are favored by many users because of their advantages such as easy to carry, quick search and diverse functions. However, the traditional paper dictionary still plays an irreplaceable role at present, especially for primary and secondary school students, who are in the learning stage of language and writing. Learning the method of querying paper dictionaries and establishing the habit of querying paper dictionaries will help them to lay a solid foundation and consolidate their memories.
Wang Fang said that with the rapid development of mobile technology, people have accelerated into the digital age, and the usage habits of dictionaries have gradually changed. In recent years, FLTRP is also actively exploring the transformation of educational services and digital integration and innovation, actively integrating high-quality content resources for different audiences and continuously promoting the construction of digital resources. As an important member of the dictionary phalanx of Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, Modern Chinese Standard Dictionary has begun and will gradually explore digitalization, innovate dictionary forms and expand dictionary application scenarios to better serve readers.